function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Lutsk‐Zhytomyr diocese (aeque principaliter)more on
www.catholic-hierarchy.org
[access: 2021.12.19]

honorary titles

honorary canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14] (Zhytomyr cathedral)

date and place
of death

14.06.1935

ITL SLONGuLAG slave labour camp network
today: Solovetsky Islands, Solovetsky reg., Arkhangelsk oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09]
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.04.08]

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

ITL SLONClick to display the description, PRLp KemLagClick to display the description, ITL BelbaltLagClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description, Jaroslav on Volga riverClick to display the description, Trial of 10‐12.05.1930Click to display the description, Kiev (Lyukyanivska)Click to display the description

date and place
of birth

1878

Nemyrivtoday: Nemyriv urban hrom., Vinnytsia rai., Vinnytsia, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]

alt. dates and places
of birth

1880

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1903

positions held

others related
in death

BIENIECKIClick to display biography Joseph, BORECKIClick to display biography Stanislav, KARPIŃSKIClick to display biography Joseph, KASPRZYKOWSKIClick to display biography Stanislav, KOBEĆClick to display biography Anthony, KOWALSKIClick to display biography Joseph, KRUMMELClick to display biography Joseph, KUROWSKIClick to display biography Anthony, MADERAClick to display biography Peter, MARKUSZEWSKIClick to display biography Albin, MATUSZEWICZClick to display biography Anthony, MIODUSZEWSKIClick to display biography Joseph, PIETKIEWICZClick to display biography Adolph, PROKOPOWICZClick to display biography Theodore, STRONCZYŃSKIClick to display biography Victor Vincent, STRUSIEWICZClick to display biography Nicholas, SZYMAŃSKIClick to display biography Vaclav, TUROWSKIClick to display biography Maximilian

sites and events
descriptions

ITL SLON: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Солове́цкий ла́герь осо́бого назначе́ния Ла́герь (Eng. Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp) SLON — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within what was to become Gulag complex) — headquartered in Solovetsky Islands in Arkhangelsk Oblast. Founded on 13.10.1923 in a famous Orthodox monastery. In the 1920s, one of the first and largest concentration camps in Russia. The place of slave labor of prisoners — at forest felling, sawmills, peat extraction, fishing, loading work on the Murmansk Railway Main Line, in road construction, production of food and consumer goods, at the beginning of the construction of the White Sea ‐ Baltic canal, etc. The concept of the later system of Russian Gulag concentration camps prob. had its origins in the Solovetsky Islands camp — from there the idea spread to the camps in the area covered by the construction of the White Sea ‐ Baltic canal, i.e. ITL BelBaltLag, and from there further, to the entire territory of the Russian state. From the network of camps on the Solovetsky Islands — also called the Solovetsky Islands archipelago — prob. also comes the concept of the „Gulag Archipelago” created by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. It is estimated that tens to hundreds of thousands of prisoners passed through the Solovetsky Islands concentration camps. At its peak, c. 72,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 14,810 (12.1927); 12,909 (03.1928); 65,000 (1929); 53,123 (01.01.1930); 63,000 (01.06.1930); 71,800 (01.01.1931); 15,130 (1932); 19,287 (1933) — c. 43,000 of whom were murdered, including the years 1937‐1938 when c. 9,500 prisoners were transported from the camp and murdered in several places of mass executions, including Sandarmokh, Krasny Bor and Lodeynoye Polye. Among them were many Catholic and Orthodox priests. After the National Socialist Party came to power in Germany in 1933, a German delegation visited the ITL SLON camp, to „inspect” Russian solutions and adopt them later in German concentration camps. It operated until 04.12.1933, with a break from 16.11.1931 to 01.01.1932, when it was part of and later became a subcamp of the ITL BelBaltLag camp. It operated as such until 1939 (from 1936 as a prison). (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

PRLp KemLag: Russian Rus. Пересыльно‐Распределительный Лагпункт (Eng. Transfer and Distribution Camp) PRLp Rus. Кемский (Eng. Kemskiy) — a transit sub‐camp (within the Gulag complex, first subordinated to ITL SLON on the Solovetsky Islands, and from 04.12.1933 to ITL BelBaltLag) — based in Kem, Rep. Karelia, on the White Sea, at the end of the Murmansk railway line side branch. Established in 1923 as the first concentration camp in Russia. Then operated on the Ostrov island (today a peninsula) as a transfer point to the Solovetsky Islands and the ITL SLON camp. At its peak, c. 70,000 prisoners passed through it (1931), including many Catholic and Orthodox priests. It ended its operations in 1939 — after 1933 and the formal closure of ITL SLON, a branch of ITL BelBaltLag operated on the Solovetsky Islands, and in the years 1937‐1939 a special NKVD prison Rus. Соловецкая тюрьма особого назначения (Eng. Solovetsky special purpose prison) STON, for which PRLp KemLag was still a transit sub‐camp. (more on: www.gulagmuseum.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])

ITL BelbaltLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Беломоро‐Балтийский (Eng. White Sea ‐ Baltic Sea) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Medvezhjegorsk on Lake Onega, and in 1933‐1934 also in the town of Nadvoytsy (both then in the Karelo‐Finnish Republic, today the Karelian Republic). Founded on 16.11.1931, on the basis of the former ITL SLON camp (i.a. on the Solovetsky islands on the White Sea). Prisoners slaved at the construction of a canal between the White Sea and the Baltic Sea (opened on 30.06.1933). Later, as part of the newly created White Sea ‐ Baltic Sea Combine, managed by the criminal GPU (later the genocidal NKVD), slaved on forest clearing, in sawmills, on the construction of factories for wooden products and paper production, on the construction of hydroelectric power plants (Tulomskaya and Onda), a nickel factory and alcohol distilleries, construction of ports, and laying of railway lines., etc. One of heads of the camp was a Jew, Naftali Frenkel, regarded as the originator of the Gulag system. At its peak c. 110,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 107,900 (12.1932); 70,373 (01.01.1934); 66,418 (01.01.1935); 90,290 (01.01.1936); 58,965 (01.01.1937); 79,232 (01.10.1938); 86,567 (01.01.1939); 71,269 (01.01.1941); 67,928 (15.06.1941). In 1938 there were 3,946 women among them. According to official data, 12,300 perished during the construction of the canal itself — according to unofficial data, from 50,000 to 300,000. The camp operated until 18.09.1941, and the entire project — in economic terms — turned out to be a total failure. (more on: ru.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2022.09.02], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09])

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

Jaroslav on Volga river: Harsh Russian prison for political prisoners — so‐called polit‐isolator — where dozens of catholic priest were held by the Russians, mainly in 1930s, before sending them to Solovetsky Islands concentration camp.

Trial of 10‐12.05.1930: Group trial of c. 30 Polish Catholic priests, one of a series of trials of Polish Catholic priests ministering in Ukraine, by a so‐called «Troika GPU», a Russian murderous kangaroo court that took place in Kiev. Most of the priest were sentences to years of slave labour in concentration camps and subsequently sent first to Yaroslav on Volga river prison and next to Solovetsky Island concentration camp. At least 18 did not return perishing in Russian concentration camps, places of mass executions or being deported to the east.

Kiev (Lyukyanivska): Russian political prison in Kiev, in the first half of 20th century run by the genocidal NKVD, informally referred to as prison No 1, formally as Investigative Prison No 13 (SIZO#13). It was founded in the early 19th century. In the 20th century, during the Soviet times, the prison church was transformed into another block of cells. During the reign of J. Stalin in Russia, more than 25,000 prisoners passed through it. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21])

sources

personal:
przegladpolskopolonijny.files.wordpress.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], biographies.library.nd.eduClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], pallotyni.kiev.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
bibliographical:
„Fate of the Catholic clergy in USSR 1917‐1939. Martyrology”, Roman Dzwonkowski, SAC, ed. Science Society KUL, 2003, Lublin
„Parish priest of Lutsk–Żhytomyr 1801‐1920 and Kamyanets–Podilskyi 1869‐1919 dioceses”, Fr Waldemar Witold Żurek SDB, Lublin 2023
original images:
www.russiacristiana.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]