canonisation date

17.07.2001

Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Churchmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]

function

bishop

creed

Eastern Orthodox Church ORmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Smolensk‐Dorohobuzh OR eparchymore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]
Oryol OR eparchymore on
drevo-info.ru
[access: 2020.09.24]
Chelm OR eparchymore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]

academic distinctions

Sacred Orthodox Theology Candidate

nationality

Russian

date and place
of death

08.12.1937

Katyntoday: Smolensk reg., Smolensk oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]

details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

11.08.1937 Russian genocideClick to display the description, Great Purge 1937Click to display the description, Katyn (NKWD murders 1940)Click to display the description, ITL KarLagClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

06.11.1880

Moscowtoday: Moscow city, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]

religious vows

13.09.1904 (permanent)

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

19.09.1904

positions held

others related
in death

KULHAWIECClick to display biography Simeon, STEPANIUKClick to display biography George, GUDKOClick to display biography Basil (Bp Ambrose), NIKATOWClick to display biography Alex, SAWICKIClick to display biography Yaroslav, SIENKIEWICZClick to display biography Alex, GAGALUKClick to display biography Anthony (Abp Onuphrius), STROCIUKClick to display biography Leontius, BLUMOWICZClick to display biography John, SZACHMUĆClick to display biography Roman (Fr Seraphim), PANASIEWICZClick to display biography Emilian, MIEDWIEDIUKClick to display biography Vladimir, SMOLENIECClick to display biography Alexander (Abp Arsenius), MARCENKOClick to display biography Alexander (Abp Anthony), BORZAKOWSKIClick to display biography Alexander (Abp Agapit), DIERNOWClick to display biography Anatol (Abp Abramius)

sites and events
descriptions

11.08.1937 Russian genocide: On 11.08.1937 Russian leader Stalin decided and NKVD head, Nicholas Jeżow, signed a «Polish operation» executive order no 00485. 139,835 Poles living in Russia were thus sentenced summarily to death. According to the records of the „Memorial” International Association for Historical, Educational, Charitable and Defense of Human Rights (Rus. Международное историко‐просветительское, правозащитное и благотворительное общество „Мемориал”), specialising with historical research and promoting knowledge about the victims of Russian repressions — 111,091 were murdered. 28,744 were sentenced to deportation to concentration camps in Gulag. Altogether however more than 100,000 Poles were deported, mainly to Kazakhstan, Siberia, Kharkov and Dniepropetrovsk. According to some historians, the number of victims should be multiplied by at least two, because not only the named persons were murdered, but entire Polish families (the mere suspicion of Polish nationality was sufficient). Taking into account the fact that the given number does not include the genocide in eastern Russia (Siberia), the number of victims may be as high as 500,000 Poles. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14])

Great Purge 1937: „Great Terror” (also «Great Purge», also called „Yezhovshchyna” after the name of the then head of the NKVD) — a Russian state action of political terror, planned and directed against millions of innocent victims — national minorities, wealthier peasants (kulaks), people considered opponents political, army officers, the greatest intensity of which took place from 09.1936 to 08.1938. It reached its peak starting in the summer of 1937, when Art. 58‐14 of the Penal Code about „counter‐revolutionary sabotage” was passed , which became the basis for the „legalization” of murders, and on 02.07.1937 when the highest authorities of Russia, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, issued a decree on the initiation of action against the kulaks. Next a number of executive orders of the NKVD followed, including No. 00439 of 25.07.1937, starting the liquidation of 25,000‐42,000 Germans living in Russia (mainly the so‐called Volga Germans); No. 00447 of 30.07.1937, beginning the liquidation of „anti‐Russian elements”, and No. 00485[2] of 11.08.1937, ordering the murder of 139,835 people of Polish nationality (the latter was the largest operation of this type — encompassed 12.5% of all those murdered during the «Great Purge», while Poles constituted 0.4% of the population). In the summer of 1937 Polish Catholic priests held in Solovetsky Islands, Anzer Island and ITL BelbaltLag were locked in prison cells (some in Sankt Petersburg). Next in a few kangaroo, murderous Russian trials (on 09.10.1937, 25.11.1937, among others) run by so‐called «NKVD Troika» all were sentenced to death. They were subsequently executed by a single shot to the back of the head. The murders took place either in Sankt Petersburg prison or directly in places of mass murder, e.g. Sandarmokh or Levashov Wilderness, where their bodies were dumped into the ditches. Other priests were arrested in the places they still ministered in and next murdered in local NKVD headquarters (e.g. in Minsk in Belarus), after equally genocidal trials run by aforementioned «NKVD Troika» kangaroo courts.

Katyn (NKWD murders 1940): From 03.04.1940 till 12.05.1940 Russians in a planned genocide executed in Katyń c. 4,400 Polish POWs kept in Kozielsk concentration camp. The victims were brought by train through Smolensk to the Gnezdowo station in convoys, in groups of 50 to 344 people. From the station to the crime scene, in the so‐called the Kozye Hory area —NKVD recreation center — the victims were transported in a prison bus (known as „chornyi voron”, i.e. black crow). At the site the younger and stronger had military coats put over their heads and their hands were tied behind their backs with a Russian‐made hemp rope, after which they were all killed at short distance with a shot from a 7.65 mm Walther pistol, usually one to the back of the head. Some victims were pierced with a square Russian bayonet. A number of the victims were prob. murdered in the basements of the so‐called internal prison of the NKVD Regional Directorate in Smolensk, where the victims were placed in a sewer manhole, their heads were placed on the bank, and then they were shot in the back of the head. The murdered were buried in eight pits ‐ mass graves. The victims included, among others: Rear Admiral Xavier Czernicki, Generals Bronislav Bohatyrewicz, Henry Minkiewicz and Mechislav Smorawiński, the Chief Orthodox Chaplain of the Polish Army, Lieutenant Colonel Simon Fedorońko, the Chief Rabbi of the Polish Army, Major Baruch Steinberg, 9 Roman Catholic priests, one Greek Catholic and one Evangelical priest, as well as one woman — a pilot Second Lieutenant Janine Lewandowska. The murders were part of an organized Russian genocidal operation against Polish prisoners of war, bearing all the hallmarks of genocide, known as the «Katyn genocide». (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21])

ITL KarLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Карагандинский (Eng. Karagandskiy) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — with headquarters in the city of Karaganda, Karaganda Oblast in Kazakhstan. Founded on 17.09.1931. One of the largest in the Gulag complex. It covered an area of 300 by 200 km, with its center in the Dolynka village, c. 45 km from Karaganda. One of the tasks was to grow food, especially animal husbandry, for the emerging centers of coal mining and heavy industry in Kazakhstan. Prisoners slaved in camp workshops (metal processing, drawing, tailoring), in the production of construction materials, in a glassworks, a sugar refinery, a vegetable drying plant, in coal mines, limestone mining, and in fishing. At its peak, c. 65,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 45,798 (01.01.1943); 50,080 (01.01.1944); 53,946 (01.01.1945); 60,745 (01.01.1947); 63,555 (01.01.1948); 65,673 (01.01.1949); 54,179 (01.01.1950); 45,675 (01.01.1951). In total, c. 1,000,000 people passed through the camp, including many women and children. Many died. It ceased operations on 27.07.1959. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13])

sources

personal:
pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], drevo-info.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], ru.openlist.wikiClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], kuz1.pstbi.ccas.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24]
bibliographical:
„Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th‐21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post–war Poland”, Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonine Troc-Sosna, Warsaw–Bielsk Podlaski 2017
original images:
pl.pinterest.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], mitropolia-lip.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], a-m-ostroumov.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], www.pravoslavie.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], fotoload.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], www.orel-eparhia.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], azbyka.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], temples.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], kuz1.pstbi.ccas.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24]