canonisation date

14.08.2000

Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Churchmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]

function

presbiter (i.e. iereus)

creed

Eastern Orthodox Church ORmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

date and place
of death

21.02.1938

Butovotoday: Vidnoye reg., Moscow oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]

details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

11.08.1937 Russian genocideClick to display the description, Great Purge 1937Click to display the description, ButovoClick to display the description, Moscow (Butyrki)Click to display the description

date and place
of birth

02.02.1882

Łomazytoday: Łomazy gm., Biała Podlaska pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1930

positions held

others related
in death

CAKULClick to display biography Michael, NIKATOWClick to display biography Alex, SAWICKIClick to display biography Yaroslav, SIENKIEWICZClick to display biography Alex, MIEDWIEDIUKClick to display biography Vladimir, STEPANIUKClick to display biography George, GUDKOClick to display biography Basil (Bp Ambrose), OSTROUMOWClick to display biography Michael (Bp Seraphim), GAGALUKClick to display biography Anthony (Abp Onuphrius), STROCIUKClick to display biography Leontius, BLUMOWICZClick to display biography John, SZACHMUĆClick to display biography Roman (Fr Seraphim), PANASIEWICZClick to display biography Emilian, SMOLENIECClick to display biography Alexander (Abp Arsenius), MARCENKOClick to display biography Alexander (Abp Anthony), BORZAKOWSKIClick to display biography Alexander (Abp Agapit), DIERNOWClick to display biography Anatol (Abp Abramius)

sites and events
descriptions

11.08.1937 Russian genocide: On 11.08.1937 Russian leader Stalin decided and NKVD head, Nicholas Jeżow, signed a «Polish operation» executive order no 00485. 139,835 Poles living in Russia were thus sentenced summarily to death. According to the records of the „Memorial” International Association for Historical, Educational, Charitable and Defense of Human Rights (Rus. Международное историко‐просветительское, правозащитное и благотворительное общество „Мемориал”), specialising with historical research and promoting knowledge about the victims of Russian repressions — 111,091 were murdered. 28,744 were sentenced to deportation to concentration camps in Gulag. Altogether however more than 100,000 Poles were deported, mainly to Kazakhstan, Siberia, Kharkov and Dniepropetrovsk. According to some historians, the number of victims should be multiplied by at least two, because not only the named persons were murdered, but entire Polish families (the mere suspicion of Polish nationality was sufficient). Taking into account the fact that the given number does not include the genocide in eastern Russia (Siberia), the number of victims may be as high as 500,000 Poles. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14])

Great Purge 1937: „Great Terror” (also «Great Purge», also called „Yezhovshchyna” after the name of the then head of the NKVD) — a Russian state action of political terror, planned and directed against millions of innocent victims — national minorities, wealthier peasants (kulaks), people considered opponents political, army officers, the greatest intensity of which took place from 09.1936 to 08.1938. It reached its peak starting in the summer of 1937, when Art. 58‐14 of the Penal Code about „counter‐revolutionary sabotage” was passed , which became the basis for the „legalization” of murders, and on 02.07.1937 when the highest authorities of Russia, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, issued a decree on the initiation of action against the kulaks. Next a number of executive orders of the NKVD followed, including No. 00439 of 25.07.1937, starting the liquidation of 25,000‐42,000 Germans living in Russia (mainly the so‐called Volga Germans); No. 00447 of 30.07.1937, beginning the liquidation of „anti‐Russian elements”, and No. 00485[2] of 11.08.1937, ordering the murder of 139,835 people of Polish nationality (the latter was the largest operation of this type — encompassed 12.5% of all those murdered during the «Great Purge», while Poles constituted 0.4% of the population). In the summer of 1937 Polish Catholic priests held in Solovetsky Islands, Anzer Island and ITL BelbaltLag were locked in prison cells (some in Sankt Petersburg). Next in a few kangaroo, murderous Russian trials (on 09.10.1937, 25.11.1937, among others) run by so‐called «NKVD Troika» all were sentenced to death. They were subsequently executed by a single shot to the back of the head. The murders took place either in Sankt Petersburg prison or directly in places of mass murder, e.g. Sandarmokh or Levashov Wilderness, where their bodies were dumped into the ditches. Other priests were arrested in the places they still ministered in and next murdered in local NKVD headquarters (e.g. in Minsk in Belarus), after equally genocidal trials run by aforementioned «NKVD Troika» kangaroo courts.

Butovo: Russian genocidal NKVD shooting range n. Moscov. From 08.08.1937 place of mass executions (during Great Purge). Till 19.10.1938 there were murdered 20,765 people (95.86% men), including 1,176 Poles — according to fragmentary available data. Among the executed were 739 Russian Orthodox priests, including 7 bishops and Metropolitan bishops with 81 years old Metropolitan bishop Seraphim Chichagov, today the saint of Orthodox church (this church canonised 255 of the victims), and Lutheran and Protestant pastors and Catholic priests, mainly from Poland and Austria. Place known today and „Russian Golgotha”. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.07.31])

Moscow (Butyrki): Harsh transit and interrogation prison in Moscow — for political prisoners — where Russians held and murdered thousands of Poles. Founded prob. in XVII century. In XIX century many Polish insurgents (Polish uprisings of 1831 and 1863) were held there. During Communist regime a place of internment for political prisoners prior to a transfer to Russian slave labour complex Gulag. During the Great Purge c. 20,000 inmates were held there at any time (c. 170 in every cell). Thousands were murdered. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.01])

sources

personal:
pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], drevo-info.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], ru.openlist.wikiClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.29], www.pstbi.ccas.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24]
bibliographical:
„Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th‐21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post–war Poland”, Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonine Troc-Sosna, Warsaw–Bielsk Podlaski 2017
original images:
drevo-info.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.24], azbyka.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.29]