function

bishop (general superintendent)

creed

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland EA

academic distinctions

Doctor of Theology

honorary titles

„White Eagle” Ordermore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
Commander's Cross with Star „Polonia Restituta”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
Doctor Honoris Causamore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20] (Warsaw Universitymore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2015.04.18])

nationality

German

date and place
of death

20.02.1942

Berlintoday: Berlin state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]

alt. dates and places
of death

1942

KL Sachsenhausenconcentration camp
today: Sachsenhausen‐Oranienburg, Oberhavel dist., Brandenburg state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2018.11.18]

details of death

prisoner camp's numbers

166, 14966Click to display source page (KL SachsenhausenClick to display the description)

cause of death

murder

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

Berlin (Moabit)Click to display the description, KL SachsenhausenClick to display the description, RadomClick to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Forced exileClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

19.09.1862

Kalisztoday: Kalisz city pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.16]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

30.11.1884 (Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09])

positions held

others related
in death

BANSZELClick to display biography Charles, BIELIŃSKIClick to display biography Joseph, BURSCHEClick to display biography Edmund, FALZMANNClick to display biography Alexander Charles, FREYDEClick to display biography Alfred, GNIDAClick to display biography Francis, GUMPERTClick to display biography Steven Edward, GUTKNECHTClick to display biography Bruno, GUTSCHClick to display biography Sigismund, HAUSEClick to display biography Paul Henry, KAHANEClick to display biography George, KOŻUSZNIKClick to display biography Stanislav, KULISZClick to display biography Charles, KUŹWAClick to display biography Sigismund, LEHMANNClick to display biography George, MAYClick to display biography Leo Witold, MAMICAClick to display biography Joseph, MANITIUSClick to display biography Gustave, NIEROSTEKClick to display biography Joseph, NITSCHMANNClick to display biography Adam Robert, OŻANAClick to display biography Gustave, PASZKOClick to display biography Richard, PAWLASClick to display biography Vladislav, WAGNERClick to display biography Richard Ernest, ZMEŁTYClick to display biography Adolph

sites and events
descriptions

Berlin (Moabit): Prison in Berlin at Lehrter Straße, called Germ. Zellengefängnis (Eng. Cell prison), constructed in 1842‐1849 by the order of Frederic William IV, King of Prussia. During World War II German army Wehrmacht remand prison, and next German political police Gestapo prison. Place of execution including by beheading. Place of death of many Poles. Shut down in 1957‐1958. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.11.17])

KL Sachsenhausen: In Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Sachsenhausen, set up in the former Olympic village in 07.1936, hundreds of Polish priests were held in 1940, before being transported to KL Dachau. Some of them perished in KL Sachsenhausen. Murderous medical experiments on prisoners were carried out in the camp. In 1942‐1944 c. 140 prisoners slaved at manufacturing false British pounds, passports, visas, stamps and other documents. Other prisoners also had to do slave work, for Heinkel aircraft manufacturer, AEG and Siemens among others. On average c. 50,000 prisoners were held at any time. Altogether more than 200,000 inmates were in jailed in KL Sachsenhausen and its branched, out of which tens of thousands perished. Prior to Russian arrival mass evacuation was ordered by the Germans and c. 80,000 prisoners were marched west in so‐called „death marches” to other camps, i.e. KL Mauthausen‐Gusen and KL Bergen‐Belsen. The camp got liberated on 22.04.1945. After end of armed hostilities Germans set up there secret camp for German prisoners and „suspicious” Russian soldiers. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18])

Radom: The prison in Radom was established in 1817 by the Russian authorities (during partitions of Poland) and operated in the building of the former convent of the Benedictine Sisters. After the start of the German occupation in 09‐10.1939, Germans categorized the prison as a so‐called independent judicial prison, generally supervised by the Justice Department of the Government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), and within the district — by the Justice Department of the Governor's Office of the District of Radom. It was called interchangeably Germ. „Gefängnis Radom” (Eng. „Prison in Radom”) and Germ. „Deutsche Strafanstalt Radom” (Eng. „German prison in Radom”). The prison had three departments: women's, criminal, German, and from the end of 1942, the Germ. „Sonderabteilung” (Eng. „Special department”) managed by the German political police Gestapo. During the World War II, c. 18,000 people — mostly political prisoners — passed through it (14,170 files of inmates have survived). At least several thousand were murdered or taken to concentration camps. The prison operated under German supervision until c. 15.01.1945 (the last transport sent to KL Auschwitz left on 14.01.1945 — it only reached Częstochowa, and the rest of the prisoners were murdered by the Germans). After the end of the military operations of World War II and the beginning of the Russian occupation in 1945, members of Polish independence organizations were held there. On 09.09.1945 armed underground units (Freedom and Independence WiN and National Military Organization NOW, consisting of former members of the Home Army AK, „Jodła” region — part of the former Polish Clandestine State) commanded by Stefan Bembiński „Harnas”, freed 292 inmates, including 60 former Home Army AK soldiers arrested by a unit of the Commie‐Nazi Security Office of the UB (subordinate to the Russian NKVD). (more on: www.polskaniezwykla.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.17])

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Forced exile: One of the standard Russian forms of repression. The prisoners were usually taken to a small village in the middle of nowhere — somewhere in Siberia, in far north or far east — dropped out of the train carriage or a cart, left out without means of subsistence or place to live. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])

sources

personal:
old.luteranie.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.niedziela.diecezja.torun.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]
original images:
www.polacyzwyboru.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], www.audiovis.nac.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], sluzyliniepodleglej.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], polona.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], edukacja.ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.03.15], edukacja.ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.03.15], archiwum.niemczyk.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], www.trojca.waw.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], wisla.luteranie.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], radom.cityClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], www.miejscapamiecinarodowej.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04], infobeskidy.euClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25]