function

pastor

creed

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland EA

diocese / province

Greeter Poland seniority (commissariat)more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
Cieszyn seniority (commissariat) / diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2016.04.23]
Evangelical Military Pastoral Caremore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.12.13]

nationality

German

date and place
of death

09.07.1941

TA SonnensteinSchloss Sonnenstein „euthanasia” center
today: Pirna, Sächsische Schweiz‐Osterzgebirge dist., Saxony state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.18]

alt. dates and places
of death

11.07.1941

details of death

prisoner camp's numbers

36002 (KL SachsenhausenClick to display the description)

cause of death

extermination: gassing in a gas chamber

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

TA SonnensteinClick to display the description, «Aktion T4»Click to display the description, Medical experimentsClick to display the description, KL SachsenhausenClick to display the description, KL StutthofClick to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921Click to display the description

date and place
of birth

27.05.1901

Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

28.01.1928

positions held

others related
in death

BANSZELClick to display biography Charles, BIELIŃSKIClick to display biography Joseph, BURSCHEClick to display biography Edmund, BURSCHEClick to display biography Julius, FALZMANNClick to display biography Alexander Charles, FREYDEClick to display biography Alfred, GNIDAClick to display biography Francis, GUMPERTClick to display biography Steven Edward, GUTKNECHTClick to display biography Bruno, GUTSCHClick to display biography Sigismund, HAUSEClick to display biography Paul Henry, KOŻUSZNIKClick to display biography Stanislav, KULISZClick to display biography Charles, KUŹWAClick to display biography Sigismund, LEHMANNClick to display biography George, MAYClick to display biography Leo Witold, MAMICAClick to display biography Joseph, MANITIUSClick to display biography Gustave, NIEROSTEKClick to display biography Joseph, NITSCHMANNClick to display biography Adam Robert, OŻANAClick to display biography Gustave, PASZKOClick to display biography Richard, PAWLASClick to display biography Vladislav, WAGNERClick to display biography Richard Ernest, ZMEŁTYClick to display biography Adolph

sites and events
descriptions

TA Sonnenstein: From 06.1940 to 09.1942, in Sonnenstein castle, the Germ. NS‐Tötungsanstalt TA Sonnenstein (Eng. National Socialist Institution of Extermination Sonnernstein) operated. As part of «Aktion T4», program approx. 15,000 people — mostly mentally and mentally ill, but also prisoners of concentration camps, mainly from Saxony, Thuringia, Silesia and East Prussia — were murdered by the Germans in a gas chamber. After „examination”, the victims were forced to undress, and then, in groups of 20‐30 were taken to a cell‐room under the pretext of having to take a bath. The room was equipped with nozzles simulating shower heads. After closing the steel door, a German „doctor” opened the container with carbon monoxide and let it into the chamber. Death took place — closely watched by the camp staff — within 20‐30 minutes. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23])

«Aktion T4»: German state euthanasia program, systematic murder of people mentally retarded, chronically, mentally and neurologically ill — „elimination of live not worth living” (Germ. „Vernichtung von lebensunwertem Leben”). At a peak, in 1940‐1941, c. 70,000 people were murdered, including patients of psychiatric hospitals in German occupied Poland — German formalists noted then that, among others, „performing disinfection [i.e. gassing] of 70,273 people with a life expectancy of up to 10 years saved food in the amount of 141,775,573.80 Deutschmark”. From 04.1941 also mentally ill and „disabled” (i.e. unable to work) prisoners held in German concentration camps were included in the program — denoted then as «Aktion 14 f 13». C. 20,000 inmates were then murdered, including Polish Catholic priests held in KL Dachau concentration camp, who were murdered in Hartheim gas chambers. The other „regional extension” of «Aktion T4» was «Aktion Brandt» program during which Germans murdered chronically ill patients in order to make space for wounded soldiers. It is estimated that at least 30,000 were murdered in this program. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31])

Medical experiments: Criminal medical experiments conducted by German specialists on concentration camp inmates. Among tests, in KL Dachau, KL Auschwitz, KL Buchenwald and other camps, performed by German murderers were malaria injections, liver tests, injections of tuberculosis, typhoid, phlegmon germs, flying tests (in pressure chambers), blood crystallization and coagulation tests, hypothermia, sterilization, starvation tests, etc. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])

KL Sachsenhausen: In Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Sachsenhausen, set up in the former Olympic village in 07.1936, hundreds of Polish priests were held in 1940, before being transported to KL Dachau. Some of them perished in KL Sachsenhausen. Murderous medical experiments on prisoners were carried out in the camp. In 1942‐1944 c. 140 prisoners slaved at manufacturing false British pounds, passports, visas, stamps and other documents. Other prisoners also had to do slave work, for Heinkel aircraft manufacturer, AEG and Siemens among others. On average c. 50,000 prisoners were held at any time. Altogether more than 200,000 inmates were in jailed in KL Sachsenhausen and its branched, out of which tens of thousands perished. Prior to Russian arrival mass evacuation was ordered by the Germans and c. 80,000 prisoners were marched west in so‐called „death marches” to other camps, i.e. KL Mauthausen‐Gusen and KL Bergen‐Belsen. The camp got liberated on 22.04.1945. After end of armed hostilities Germans set up there secret camp for German prisoners and „suspicious” Russian soldiers. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18])

KL Stutthof: In German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Stutthof (then in Eastern Prussian belonging to Germany, today: Sztutowo village) concentration camp, that Germans started to build on 02.09.1939, a day after German invasion of Poland and start of the World War II, Germans held c. 110,000‐127,000 prisoners from 28 countries, including 49,000 women and children. C. 65,000 victims were murdered and exterminated. In the period of 25.01‐27.04.1945 in the face of approaching Russian army Germans evacuated the camp. When on 09.05.1945 Russians soldiers entered the camp only 100 prisoners were still there. In an initial period (1939‐1940) Polish Catholic priests from Pomerania were held captive there before being transported to KL Dachau concentration camp. Some of them were murdered in KL Stutthof or vicinity (for instance in Stegna forest). Also later some Catholic priests were held in KL Stutthof. (more on: stutthof.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.07.06])

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921: War for independence of Poland and its borders. Poland regained independence in 1918 but had to fight for its borders with former imperial powers, in particular Russia. Russia planned to incite Bolshevik‐like revolutions in the Western Europe and thus invaded Poland. Russian invaders were defeated in 08.1920 in a battle called Warsaw battle („Vistula river miracle”, one of the 10 most important battles in history, according to some historians). Thanks to this victory Poland recaptured part of the lands lost during partitions of Poland in XVIII century, and Europe was saved from the genocidal Communism. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])

sources

personal:
old.luteranie.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.niedziela.diecezja.torun.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], cejsh.icm.edu.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.03.24], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19], arolsen-archives.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.05.30]
original images:
commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], www.findagrave.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], www.miejscapamiecinarodowej.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04]