Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
surname
WENHRYNOWICZ
surname
versions/aliases
WĘGRZYNOWICZ
forename(s)
Vladimir (pl. Włodzimierz)
function
eparchial priest
creed
Ukrainian Greek Catholic GCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
diocese / province
Apostolic GC Exarchate of Lemkowszczyznamore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.03.02]
Przemyśl GC eparchymore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
honorary titles
canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]
(1926)
nationality
Ukrainian
date and place
of death
02.04.1945
Wierchomla Wielkatoday: Piwniczna‐Zdrój gm., Nowy Sącz pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]
details of death
In 1919‐1920, in connection with the Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919 and Polish–Russian War of 1919‐1921, prob. interned by the Poles.
In 1936 left the Greek Catholic Przemyśl Eparchy and moved to the Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Lemkowszczyzna, i.e. AEL. The AEL was established in connection with the so‐called Tylawa schism, i.e. a wave of group conversions of Lemkos to Orthodoxy in the late 1920s — as a result of which c. 18,000 Lemkos left the Greek Catholic Church — in protest against the Ukrainization policy of the hierarchy of that Church. The Church responded by establishing the Greek Catholic AEL. The AEL managed to stop Ukrainization efforts in parishes under its control, which prevented further apostasy of the Lemkos, although prob. many AEL priests still supported the radical Ukrainian national ideology. Mykhailo Baczyński, a member of the Polish Seym, i.e. Parliament, in his parliamentary speech of 21.01.1931, revealed what the Rusyns/Lemkos had to deal with within the Greek Catholic Church, who were not susceptible to the genocidal — as it turned out — ideology of Ukrainian nationalists: „After the war [the Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919], the Greek Catholic Church was transformed into an agitational Ukrainian political tribune, from which words of hatred are sown, not words of love for one's neighbor”. The administrator of the AEL, Fr Jacob Medwecki, issued i.a. 1937 ban on the distribution of such periodicals as the Ukr. „Український Бескид” (Eng. „Ukrainian Beskids”), financed by the ordinary of the Greek Catholic Przemyśl Eparchy, Bp Joseph Kocyłowski, whose circulation was confiscated several times by the Polish authorities; the Ukr. „Наш Лемко” (Eng. „Our Lemko”), published in Lviv; and the Ukr. „Діло” (Eng. „Work”), a newspaper also published in Lviv, which — as the justification stated — „spread discord, are hostile towards the Polish State and incline the local population negatively towards the decrees of the Holy See and the Government of the Republic of Poland”.
Ministered in the AEL also in 1939, when became parish priest of Wierchomla Wielka, in the Nowy Sącz county of the Polish Kraków Voivodeship, on the Wierchomlanka stream, a tributary of the Poprad River flowing along the Polish‐Slovak border. The village of that name was then inhabited by an estimated 1,700 people, apart from several dozen Poles — prob. in families tied to the Rusyns — and c. 20 Jews, 97% Rusyns, i.e. Greek Catholic Lemkos. In 1936, the Greek Catholic parish had c. 2,125 faithful.
Meanwhile, in the rural communes of entire Nowy Sącz county, Lemkos constituted merely c. 14%, and Roman Catholic Poles c. 79%.
After the German and Russian attack on Poland in 09.1939 and the start of World War II — as a result of the genocidal German–Russian agreement of 23.08.1939, known as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, confirmed on 28.09.1939 by the so‐called „Treaty on the Borders and Friendship between Germany and Russia”.
also known as the Second Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact — after the beginning of the German occupation, Wierchomla Wielka found itself in the Germ. Kreishauptmannschaft Neu‐Sandez (Eng. Nowy Sącz County) in the Germ. Distrikt Krakau (Eng. Kraków District), within the German‐occupied and run quasi‐state called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG. The German occupation authorities of the GG began to implement a policy of undermining the influence of the Roman Catholic Church and Polish culture by supporting the Greek Catholic rite and Ukrainian‐language education in schools. The policy of supporting the Ukrainian element was perhaps most visible in the social policy of the GG. Germany allowed the activity of social and charitable organizations, but only the Ukrainian Central Committee UCC was partially financed from the GG budget. Additionally, it could use funds from Ukrainian cooperatives. The Polish Central Welfare Council RGO and the Jewish Social Self‐Help JSS had to rely exclusively on voluntary contributions from donors. As a result, Polish and Jewish organizations could only conduct charitable activities: supporting food supplies, aid for refugees, etc. Ukrainians/Rusyns, using GG funds, built Ukrainian/Rusyns hospitals, orphanages, nurseries, schools. A contemporary publication describes this policy as follows: „To perpetuate and intensify […] antagonism, Ukrainians were provided with slightly better living conditions than Poles. Holders of German identity cards marked with the letter "U" were entitled to larger food rations (up to one–third). They also had a better chance of finding work, and with the permission of the authorities they could even own a radio receiver, for which Poles were punished by death”. Lemko support for such a policy was expressed i.a. by the inhabitants of the village of Krępna, where 80% of the inhabitants were Rusyns: „There was Poland, but it will never be again. Poles ruled, but now they will never be again. Poles have been twirling our tongues for two hundred years and now they won't do it anymore”. This led to the escalation of the Polish–Ukrainian conflict. It couldn"t have been otherwise, as on the entrance door of the waiting room of the main railway station in Kraków there was an inscription Germ. „Nur für Deutsche aus dem Reich, Volksdeutsche und Ukrainer” (Eng. „Only for Germans from the Reich, Volksdeutsche and Ukrainians”).
The attitude of the Lemkos towards the Poles was not however clear‐cut. One of the members of Polish underground organizations recalled that when, after the beginning of the German occupation, Polish soldiers and officers tried to get to Hungary to reach the Polish army forming in the west — then in France — „in the entire Outer Subcarpathia region, we had the greatest trust in the Lemkos […] No one betrayed us there […] The Lemkos did not betray the Poles”.
Was there when, on 05.02.1941, after the death of the aforementioned Fr Jacob Medwecki, Fr Alexander Małynowski, a staunch supporter of the Ukrainization of the Lemko region, supported by the German occupiers, became the AEL Administrator. He immediately began the process of Ukrainization of the church structures under his control, removing priests who opposed it in independent Poland and introducing the Ukrainian language. Collaborated with the German‐tolerated, and even German‐supported, organs of the genocidal Ukrainian organization OUN. Relied also on a large number — c. 20,000 — of Ukrainian refugees from Russian occupation, most of them nationalists.
Prob. the resistance to such policies of the AEL — after all, the AEL was formed in protest against the Ukrainization policies of the Greek Catholic eparchies, primarily of Przemyśl — led to his arrest by the Germans. Was apprehended just before the German attack on 22.06.1941, on their erstwhile ally, the Russians, along with several other priests from the AEL and Lemko regions — as a member of an old, priestly Lemko family with pro‐Polish sympathies.
Held in Nowy Sącz.
In 07.1941, deported to the Germ. Distrikt Radom in the GG.
Settled, with seriously impaired health — prob. developed a heart condition while in prison — in Kielce.
And then, together with a group of Greek Catholic priests, on 16.09.1941, signed a memorandum to the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kielce, Bp Czeslav Kaczmarek, which stated that the administrator of the AEL, Fr Małynowski: „was always distinguished by a deep hatred for everything that was not Ukrainian and did not choose means when it came to the destruction and oppression of enemies”. It also stated that the Przemyśl eparch, „Fr [Bp] Kocyłowski, selected especially active Ukrainians, mostly Ukrainian officers, ordained them as chaplains and assigned them to Lemko parishes. These pastors, instead of preaching the word of God from the pulpit, became very zealous in building Ukraine in the Lemko region and did not hesitate to use the pulpit, which was soon transformed into a rallying platform, for propaganda purposes”.
Released from de facto internment in 10.1944.
On 10.11.1944, returned to his parish of Wierchomla Wielka.
On c. 20‐21.01.1945, during another Russian offensive, known as the Vistula–Oder Operation, which began on 12.01.1945, the Russians entered Wierchomla Wielka. The German occupation ended and the Russian occupation began.
Although the decisions of the Tehran Conference of 28.11‐01.12.1943, when the treacherous British and Americans agreed to establish the post‐war Polish eastern border along the so‐called Curzon–Namier Line, were unknown, but it was becoming clear that this line would play a significant role in the post‐war political puzzle. The Curzon–Namier Line was a demarcation line between Poland and the Russian Bolsheviks, proposed on 11.07.1920 to the Russians, by the Foreign Secretary of the British Empire, George Curzon, during the great Russian offensive during the Polish–Russian War of 1919‐1921, suggested by the so‐called expert, Lewis Bernstein Namier, a Jew of Polish origin. Russia — contrary to the plans of the British imperialists — suffered defeat in 1920, but the concept of the Curzon–Namier line, running through the center of Poland, became a cause célèbre for all imperial concepts of dividing Central Europe, especially the Russian and German ones. Establishing the Polish border on this line meant de facto recognition of the legitimacy of the Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and recognition of Russian claims expressed in the genocidal Ribbentrop–Molotov Pacts of 1939. It also meant that after the end of hostilities, Wierchomla Wielka was to be located in the area allocated to the Polish Commie‐Nazi Russian agents, in the Russian Polish republic called „prl”.
One of the first effects of the beginning of the Russian occupation were massive deportations of the population, in line with the standard, centuries‐old, criminal Russian practice of solving social and national problems. Millions of Poles were to be deported from the east and resettled west, to territories that had belonged to Germany before World War II; Ukrainians and Lemkos were to be resettled from the „prl” to the territory directly occupied by the Russians. The deportations of Ukrainians took place in four stages. In the first, „voluntary” stage, of 15.10‐31.12.1944, c. 20,000 Ukrainians were forced to leave, mainly from the Polish Lublin Voivodeship. In the second stage, also mostly „voluntary,” in the spring of 1945 i.a. 50,000 Lemkos were forced to leave east. Some of his parishioners left then to Ukraine as well. According to contemporary studies, „Those living in poverty were quite willing to listen to the propaganda assurances of Soviet political officials about the prosperity prevailing in the Soviet Union. Russophile slogans were also invoked, proclaiming that Russia was the homeland, or even the mother, of all Rusyns. Those who were more reluctant were threatened that if they did not go east, they would be forcibly relocated to western Poland”.
And it was then, under unknown circumstances, that perished.
cause of death
exhaustion and disease
perpetrators
Germans
sites and events
«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, KielceClick to display the description, Nowy SączClick to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description
date and place
of birth
24.04.1873Birth certification on:
photos.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl
[access: 2025.10.17]
Zawadkatoday: Ustrzyki Dolne gm., Bieszczady pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
parents
WĘGRZYNOWICZ Atanasius
🞲 1834, ? — 🕆 04.08.1912, ?
ŁADYŻYŃSKA Pauline
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?
baptism
27.04.1873Birth certification on:
photos.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl
[access: 2025.10.17]
Zawadkatoday: Ustrzyki Dolne gm., Bieszczady pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
St Paraskeva GC church
presbyter (holy orders)
ordination
13.12.1896
Przemyśltoday: Przemyśl city pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01]
positions held
08.1939 – 1945
parish priest — Wierchomla Wielkatoday: Piwniczna‐Zdrój gm., Nowy Sącz pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28] ⋄ St Michael the Archangel GC parish ⋄ Muszynatoday: Muszyna gm., Nowy Sącz pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01] GC deanery
31.03.1938 – 1939
dean — Rymanówtoday: Rymanów gm., Krosno pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] GC deanery
1938 – 1939
administrator — Zawadka Rymanowskatoday: Dukla gm., Krosno pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18] ⋄ Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary GC parish ⋄ Rymanówtoday: Rymanów gm., Krosno pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] GC deanery
05.1937 – 1938
parish priest — Królik Wołoskitoday: Rymanów gm., Krosno pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ Translation of the relics of St Nicholas the Wonderworker GC parish ⋄ Rymanówtoday: Rymanów gm., Krosno pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] GC deanery
1936 – 1937
administrator — Kostarowcetoday: Sanok gm., Sanok pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.22] ⋄ St Simeon the Stylite GC parish ⋄ Sanoktoday: Sanok urban gm., Sanok pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] GC deanery
1926 – 1936
parish priest — Ruda Lesnayaalso: Ruda Lasowa; a hamlet of the village of Ławryków
today: Dobrosyn‐Maheriv hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Blessed Virgin Mary GC parish ⋄ Rava‐Ruskatoday: Rava‐Ruska urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] GC deanery
01.04.1911 – 1926
parish priest — Krecówtoday: Tyrawa Wołoska gm., Sanok pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ Epiphany of the Lord GC parish ⋄ Leskotoday: Lesko gm., Lesko pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] GC deanery
01.04.1903 – 31.03.1911
parish priest — Nyzhankovychitoday: Dobromyl urban hrom., Sambir rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ Holy Trinity GC parish ⋄ Nyzhankovychitoday: Dobromyl urban hrom., Sambir rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] GC deanery
10.04.1898 – 31.03.1903
vicar — Dobromyltoday: Dobromyl urban hrom., Sambir rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] ⋄ Descent of the Holy Spirit (Pentecost) GC parish ⋄ Dobromyltoday: Dobromyl urban hrom., Sambir rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] GC deanery
11.05.1897 – 09.04.1898
vicar — Tartakivtoday: Sokal urban hrom., Sheptytskyi rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary GC parish ⋄ Sokaltoday: Sokal urban hrom., Sheptytskyi rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] GC deanery
30.12.1896 – 10.05.1897
vicar — Smolyntoday: Yavoriv urban hrom., Yavoriv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Transfiguration of the Lord GC parish ⋄ Lubaczówtoday: Lubaczów urban gm., Lubaczów pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] GC deanery
1894 – 1895
student — Przemyśltoday: Przemyśl city pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Greek Catholic Theological Seminary
1891 – 1894
student — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Greek Catholic Theological Seminary
married
1883 – 1891
pupil — Sanoktoday: Sanok urban gm., Sanok pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] ⋄ Imperial–Royal Higher Gymnasium — studies crowned with the maturity diploma (i.e. matura)
others related
in death
ANDREJCZUKClick to display biography Peter, DIAKClick to display biography Basil, DOBRZAŃSKIClick to display biography Nicholas, HAJDUKClick to display biography Michael, HAJDUKClick to display biography Michael, HOŁOWACZClick to display biography Nicholas, HORECZKOClick to display biography Michael, LESZCZUKClick to display biography Joseph, KOSTYSZYNClick to display biography Vladimir, LISKIEWICZClick to display biography Nicholas, ŁEMCIOClick to display biography Vladimir, NIMYŁOWICZClick to display biography Demetrius, SZAŁASZClick to display biography Steven, SZCZERBAClick to display biography Yaroslav, SZEWCZUKClick to display biography Basil, SZUMIŁOClick to display biography Rostislav, WEŁYCZKOClick to display biography Michael, WENHRYNOWICZClick to display biography Orestes, WENHRYNOWICZClick to display biography Stephen Emilian, ZAWOROTIUKClick to display biography Michael
sites and events
descriptions
«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20])
Kielce: The prison at Zamkowa Str. in Kielce was opened in 1826‐1828. In 09.1939, after start of German occupation, under German control. Initially a POW camp and next prison run by German political police Gestapo. Till 1945 more then c. 16,000 prisoners were held there. Any time c. 2,000 were incarcerated, in space build for c. 400 people. Prisoners, in extremely cramped conditions, were starved, ill‐treated and murdered in prison, executed outside, transported to German concentration camps or deported to slave labour sites. Prison chapel Germans used as torture chamber. At the same time in 08.1941 (after German attack on 22.06.1941 of their erstwhile ally, Russians, do till the autumn of 1944 in Fijałkowski’s barracks in Kielce Bukówka district Germans set up a POW camp for Russian prisoners (branch of Stalag XII C „Kamienna” in Skarżysko‐Kamienna, later of Stalag 367 Częstochowa). According to one of the witnesses first 100 POWs were brought in 09.1941. A week later 4,500 more arrived and within a fortnight another 5,000. Following that the POWs were brought in groups of 500‐1,000. Altogether c. 15,000‐20,000 Russian POWs were held in the camp. POWs slaved at forest clearances, digging sewage ditches, at train loading. They got a hunger rations (as a result acts of cannibalism took place). Slept in unheated barracks. Were beaten and tortured (with wooden battons). Received to medical help. For any type of transgression they were penalized with execution. The camp was managed by the Germans and was supported by a camp’s militia, composed mainly by the Ukrainians. Only few hundred prisoners survived who in the autumn of 1944 were transferred to other camps. From 1945 in Russian Commie‐Nazi hands. Till 1956 many political prisoners, e.g. members of former restistance Home Army AK and National Armed Forces NSZ (part of Polish Clandestine State) where held camptive there. On 04‐05.1945 Polish partisans commanded by Mjr Anthony Heda attacked the prison and release c. 700 prisoners. (more on: www.chroniclesofterror.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.02.08])
Nowy Sącz: Penal prison run by the Germans. In 1939‐1945 it was also an execution site, mainly Poles arrested by the Germans. After end of warfare used by Commie‐Nazi UB, Polish branch of Russian KGB, to hold „forgotten soldiers” who continued to fight against Russian occupation after 1945. (more on: www.sw.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.17])
Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
sources
personal:
www.vox-populi.com.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.03.01], region.halicz.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.03.01], photos.szukajwarchiwach.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2025.10.17], sadeczanin.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2026.07.13]
bibliographical:
„Clergy of Przemyśl Eparchy and Apostolic Exarchate of Lemkivshchyna”, Bogdan Prach, Ukrainian Catholic University Publishing House, Lviv 2015
„Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933‐1945”, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ed. Martin Dean, volume II: „Ghettos in German–Occupied Eastern Europe”, part A
„Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm
original images:
www.apokryfruski.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2026.07.13], www.apokryfruski.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2026.07.13]
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