• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
link to OUR LADY of PERPETUAL HELP in SŁOMCZYN infoSITE LOGO

Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

personal data

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  • NIEDZIELA Joseph, source: kolomilosnikowbielszowic.wordpress.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFONIEDZIELA Joseph
    source: kolomilosnikowbielszowic.wordpress.com
    own collection
  • NIEDZIELA Joseph, source: www.alamy.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFONIEDZIELA Joseph
    source: www.alamy.com
    own collection
  • NIEDZIELA Joseph; source: Fr Andrew Hanich, „Opole Silesia clergy martyrology during II World War”, Opole 2009, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFONIEDZIELA Joseph
    source: Fr Andrew Hanich, „Opole Silesia clergy martyrology during II World War”, Opole 2009
    own collection
  • NIEDZIELA Joseph, source: kolomilosnikowbielszowic.wordpress.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFONIEDZIELA Joseph
    source: kolomilosnikowbielszowic.wordpress.com
    own collection
  • NIEDZIELA Joseph, source: stowarzyszniehdkrybnik.republika.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFONIEDZIELA Joseph
    source: stowarzyszniehdkrybnik.republika.pl
    own collection

surname

NIEDZIELA

forename(s)

Joseph (pl. Józef)

  • NIEDZIELA Joseph - Commemorative plaque, Christ the King cathedral, Katowice, source: own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFONIEDZIELA Joseph
    Commemorative plaque, Christ the King cathedral, Katowice
    source: own collection

function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Katowice diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

Wrocław diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

honorary titles

Officer's Cross „Polonia Restituta”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]

Star of Upper Silesia
Honorary Badge of the Polish Red Cross 1 class

date and place
of death

18.05.1942

TA HartheimSchloss Hartheim „euthanasia” center
today: Alkoven, Eferding dist., Salzburg state, Austria

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.18]

alt. dates and places
of death

08.07.1942 (KL Dachau „death certificate” date)

details of death

During studies in gymnasium in Wrocław collaborated with the clandestine Polish Youth Union „Zet”, part of clandestine National League, main aim of which was independence of Poland.

When studying theology in Wrocław chairman of clandestine „Swoi” (Eng. „Ours”) unit, founded on „Zet” organisation's initiative.

In 1919‑1921, after Poland regained independence in 11.1918, during preparations for a plebiscite that was to decide national destiny of Upper Silesia and Opole region supported his Polish cause.

After German invasion of Poland on 01.09.1939 (Russians invaded Poland 17 days later) and start of the World War II, left his parish and with thousands of refugees went east.

Reached Lublin.

On 26.09.1939 however, after start of German occupation, returned to Bielszowice.

Forbidden to make sermons and hear confessions.

Arrested by the Germans on 11/16.10.1939.

Jailed in Katowice prison.

Released after a special petition organized by his parishioners but told to leave his Bielszowice parish.

Ministered next in Mysłowice.

There arrested again on 30.04.1940, jailed again in Katowice prison.

On 05.05.1940 in the 4th transport of Polish priests covered by the Germ. «Intelligenzaktion Schlesien» extermination action, transported to KL Dachau concentration camp, then on 26.06.1940 moved to KL Gusen I concentration camp — part of KL Mauthausen–Gusen concentration camps' complex — where slaved in quarries.

From there on 08.12.1940 brought back to KL Dachau concentration camp.

Finally — totally exhausted — transferred in a so‑called „Invalids' transport” to TA Hartheim Euthanasia Center and murdered in a gas chamber.

alt. details of death

It is possible that in 1940 prior to being sent to KL Dachau concentration camp was also held in EG Sosnowiec transit camp.

cause of death

extermination: gassing in a gas chamber

perpetrators

Germans

date and place
of birth

12.03.1888

Chróścinatoday: Dąbrowa gm., Opole pov., Opole voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

22.06.1912 (Wrocławtoday: Wrocław city pov., Lower Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
)

positions held

1939 – 1940

administrator — Mysłowicetoday: Mysłowice city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
⋄ Sacred Heart of Jesus RC parish ⋄ Mysłowicetoday: Mysłowice city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
RC deanery

1929 – 1939

parish priest — Bielszowicetoday: district of Ruda Śląska, Ruda Śląska city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.10]
⋄ St Mary Magdalene RC parish ⋄ Kochłowicetoday: district of Ruda Śląska, Ruda Śląska city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
RC deanery

1921 – 1929

president — Katowicetoday: Katowice city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.12]
⋄ management board, Silesia Branch, Polish Red Cross PCK — also: PCK vice president, director of Silesian Office and organizer, and provincial clerk in the department of extracurricular education

1921 – 1929

resident — Katowicetoday: Katowice city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.12]
⋄ St Peter and St Paul the Apostles RC cathedral parish ⋄ Katowicetoday: Katowice city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.12]
RC deanery

1919 – 1921

vicar — Bieruń Starytoday: district of Bieruń, Bieruń urban gm., Bieruń–Lędziny pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.05]
⋄ St Bartholomew the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Mikołówtoday: Mikołów urban gm., Mikołów pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
RC deanery

1917 – 1919

vicar — Ujazdtoday: Ujazd gm., Strzelce Opolskie pov., Opole voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
⋄ St Andrew the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Ujazdtoday: Ujazd gm., Strzelce Opolskie pov., Opole voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
RC deanery

1916 – 1917

vicar — Lubeckotoday: Kochanowice gm., Lubliniec pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09]
⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Lubliniectoday: Lubliniec urban gm., Lubliniec pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
RC deanery

1916

vicar — Sycówtoday: Syców gm., Oleśnica pov., Lower Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.02.15]
⋄ St Peter and St Paul the Apostles RC parish ⋄ Sycówtoday: Syców gm., Oleśnica pov., Lower Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.02.15]
RC deanery

1913 – 1915

vicar — Berlintoday: Berlin state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
⋄ St Hedwig of Silesia RC parish ⋄ Berlintoday: Berlin state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
RC deanery

1912 – 1913

vicar — Brandenburg an der Haveltoday: Brandenburg an der Havel urban dist., Brandenburg state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
⋄ Holy Trinity RC parish ⋄ Potsdamtoday: Brandenburg state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
RC deanery

1912

vicar — Chróścinatoday: Dąbrowa gm., Opole pov., Opole voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]
⋄ St Peter and St Paul the Apostles RC parish ⋄ Prószkówtoday: Prószków gm., Opole pov., Opole voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.12]
RC deanery

1908 – 1912

student — Wrocławtoday: Wrocław city pov., Lower Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Department of Theology, [University of Wrocław (since 1945) / Royal University i.e. Breslau Academy (1816‑1911) / Frederic Wilhelm University of Silesia (1911‑1945)]

others related
in death

KOMARClick to display biography Stanislav, KONIECZNYClick to display biography Julian, KOTLICKIClick to display biography Ignatius, KOTTClick to display biography Valentine, KOWALEWSKIClick to display biography Stanislav, KOWALSKIClick to display biography John (Abp Mary Michael), KOWNACKIClick to display biography Martin Stanislav, KOZANECKIClick to display biography Adam, KOŹBIAŁClick to display biography Michael, KRAWCZYŃSKIClick to display biography Roman, KROPLEWSKIClick to display biography Albin John, KRUKOWSKIClick to display biography Joseph, KRUPCZYŃSKIClick to display biography Casimir Stanislav, KUBIŃSKIClick to display biography Stanislav, KUKLAClick to display biography Stanislav, KULIŃSKIClick to display biography Steven, KUTZNERClick to display biography Leo, KWAŚKIEWICZClick to display biography Leo Henry, KWIATKOWSKIClick to display biography Boleslav, LEWANDOWSKIClick to display biography Francis, LUDWICZAKClick to display biography Anthony John, LUDWIKClick to display biography Joseph, LUDWIKIEWICZClick to display biography Steven Ignatius, ŁABENTOWICZClick to display biography Sigismund Peter, ŁASZKIEWICZClick to display biography Stanislav, MAJKOWSKIClick to display biography Hillary, MAKOWSKIClick to display biography Alexander, MARUSARZClick to display biography Stanislav, MATEUSZCZYKClick to display biography Theodore, MAZALONClick to display biography Benjamin Louis, MICHALEWSKIClick to display biography John, MICKIEWICZClick to display biography Leo, MIJAKOWSKIClick to display biography Bogdan Joseph, MOKSClick to display biography Steven Andrew, MOSZCZEŃSKIClick to display biography Stanislav, MREŁAClick to display biography Francis Xavier (Fr Sigismund), MŚCICHOWSKIClick to display biography Anthony, MULLERClick to display biography Joseph Stanislav Kostka, MUSZYŃSKIClick to display biography Sigismund, NAPIERAŁAClick to display biography Francis, NITECKIClick to display biography Anthony, NOAKClick to display biography Theodore, NOWAKClick to display biography Vincent, NOWICKIClick to display biography Felician, NOWICKIClick to display biography Joseph Henry, OGŁAZAClick to display biography Joseph Stanislav, OPRZĄDEKClick to display biography John (Bro. Martin), ORYNTClick to display biography Peter, OSIŃSKIClick to display biography Henry, PABICHClick to display biography Stanislav, PACEWSKIClick to display biography Anthony

murder sites
camp 
(+ prisoner no)

TA Hartheim: In Germ. Tötungsanstalt TA Hartheim (Eng. Killing/Euthanasia Center), in Schloss Hartheim castle in Alkoven village in Upper Austria, belonging to KL Mauthausen–Gusen complex of concentration camps, as part of «Aktion T4», the victims — underdeveloped mentally — were murdered by Germans in gas chambers. In 04.1941 Germans expanded the program to include prisoners held in concentration camps. Most if not all religious from KL Dachau were taken to Hartheim in so called „transports of invalids” (denoted as „Aktion 14 f 13”) — prisoners sick and according to German standards „unable to work” — from KL Dachau concentration camp (initially under the guise of a transfer to a „better” camp).
Note: The dates of death of victims murdered in Schloss Hartheim indicated in the „White Book” are the dates of deportations from the last concentration camp the victims where held in. The real dates of death are unknown — apart from c. 49 priests whose names were included in the „transports of invalids”, but who did arrive at TA Hartheim. Prob. perished on the day of transport, somewhere between KL Dachau and Munich, and their bodies were thrown out of the transport and cremated in Munich. The investigation conducted by Polish Institute of National Remembrance IPN concluded, that the other victims were murdered immediately upon arrival in Schloss Hartheim, bodies cremated and the ashes spread over local fields and into Danube river. In order to hide details of the genocided Germans falsified both dates of death (for instance those entered into KL Dachau concentration camp books, presented in „White Book” as alternative dates of death) and their causes. (more on: ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.05.30]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.05.30]
)

«Aktion T4»: German euthanasia program, systematic murder of people mentally retarded, chronically, mentally and neurologically ill — „elimination of live not worth living” (Germ. „Vernichtung von lebensunwertem Leben”). At a peak, in 1940‑1941, c. 70,000 people were murdered, including patients of psychiatric hospitals in German occupied Poland. From 04.1941 also mentally ill and „disabled” (i.e. unable to work) prisoners held in German concentration camps were included in the program — denoted then as „Aktion 14 f 13”. C. 20,000 inmates were then murdered, including Polish Catholic priests held in KL Dachau concentration camp, who were murdered in Hartheim gas chambers. The other „regional extension” of «Aktion T4» was „Aktion Brandt” program during which Germans murdered chronically ill patients in order to make space for wounded soldiers. It is estimated that at least 30,000 were murdered in this program. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31]
)

KL Dachau (prisoner no: 7866, 22120Click to display biography): KL Dachau in German Bavaria, set up in 1933, became the main concentration camp for Catholic priests and religious during World War II: On c. 09.11.1940, Reichsführer–SS Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, Gestapo and German police, as a result of the Vatican's intervention, decided to transfer all clergymen detained in various concentration camps to KL Dachau camp. The first major transports took place on 08.12.1940. In KL Dachau Germans held approx. 3,000 priests, including 1,800 Poles. The priests were forced to slave labor in the Germ. „Die Plantage” — the largest herb garden in Europe, managed by the genocidal SS, consisting of many greenhouses, laboratory buildings and arable land, where experiments with new natural medicines were conducted — for many hours, without breaks, without protective clothing, no food. They slaved in construction, e.g. of camp's crematorium. In the barracks ruled hunger, freezing cold in the winter and suffocating heat during the summer. Prisoners suffered from bouts of illnesses, including tuberculosis. Many were victims of murderous „medical experiments” — in 11.1942 c. 20 were given phlegmon injections; in 07.1942 to 05.1944 c. 120 were used by for malaria experiments. More than 750 Polish clerics where murdered by the Germans, some brought to Schloss Hartheim euthanasia centre and murdered in gas chambers. At its peak KL Dachau concentration camps’ system had nearly 100 slave labour sub–camps located throughout southern Germany and Austria. There were c. 32,000 documented deaths at the camp, and thousands perished without a trace. C. 10,000 of the 30,000 inmates were found sick at the time of liberation, on 29.04.1945, by the USA troops… (more on: www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.deClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.05.30]
)

KL Gusen I: „Grade III” (niem. „Stufe III”) camp, part of KL Mauthausen–Gusen complex, intended for the „Incorrigible political enemies of the Reich”. The prisoners slaved at a nearby granite quarry, but also in local private companies: at SS guards houses' construction at a nearby Sankt Georgen for instance. Initially opened in 05.1940 as the „camp for Poles”, captured during the program of extermination of Polish intelligentsia («Intelligenzaktion»). Till the end most of the prisoners were Poles. Many Polish priests from the Polish regions incorporated in the Germany were brought there in 1940, after start of German occupation of Poland, from KL Sachsenhausen and KL Dachau concentration camps. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.03.10]
)

KL Mauthausen-Gusen (prisoner no: 5504Click to display biography): A large group of German concentration camps set up around the villages of Mauthausen and Gusen in Upper Austria, c. 30 km east of Linz, operational from 1938 till 05.1945. Over time it became of the largest labour camp complexes in the German–controlled part of Europe encompassing four major camps concentration camps (Mauthausen, Gusen I, Gusen II and Gusen III) and more than 50 sub–camps where inmates slaved in quarries (the granite extracted, previously used to pave the streets of Vienna, was intended for a complete reconstruction of major German towns according to Albert Speer plans), munitions factories, mines, arms factories and Me 262 fighter–plane assembly plants. The complex served the needs of the German war machine and also carried out extermination through labour. Initially did not have a its own gas chamber and the intended victims were mostly moved to the infamous Hartheim Castle, 40.7 km east, or killed by lethal injection and cremated in the local crematorium. Later a van with the exhaust pipe connected to the inside shuttled between Mauthausen and Gusen. In 12.1941 a permanent gas chamber was built. C. 122,000‑360,000 of prisoners perished. Many Polish priests were held, including those captured during the program of extermination of Polish intelligentsia («Intelligenzaktion»). The camp complex was founded and run as a source for cheap labour for private enterprise. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.03.10]
)

EG Sosnowitz: Germ. Polizei Ersatz Gefängnis in Sosnowitz (Eng. Police Substitute Prison Sosnowitz), was founded — on the grounds of Shoen manufacturing plant in Sosnowiec (then part of Germ. Provinz Schlesien — Eng. Silesia Province) — in 10.1939 and operated till 02.1941 (for some time it was prob. call Stalag–Stammlager Sosnowitz). Plant’s building were surrounded with barbed wire and guarded by units of German genocidal SS organisation. The first inmates were Poles, regarded as political prisoners. Altogether c. 1,500 prisoners were held there including c 1,000 Jews from Czech republic and Austria. Prisoners were brutally tortured and their shouts were drowned in music played by inmates on accordions. They slaved in various places in Sosnowiec. The bodies of the dead and murdered were buried at „Pekin” cemetery formerly belonging to town’s hospital (prob. c. 1,500 German murder victims were buried there). The others were transported to concentration camps KL Dachau, KL Ravensbruck and newly constructed KL Auschwitz. (more on: www.tysol.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25]
)

Katowice (prison): Detention centre run by Germans and later, in 1945, took over by the Commie–Nazis.

«Intelligenzaktion Schlesien»: A planned action of arrests and extermination of Polish Upper Silesia intellectual elite in general recorded in a proscription list called „Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen” — participants of Upper Silesia uprisings, former Polish plebiscite activists, journalists, politicians, intellectuals, civil servants, priests — organised by Germans mainly in 04‑05.1940, aiming at total Germanisation of the region. The relevant decree, no IV–D2–480/40, was issued by the RSHA, i.e. Germ. Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Eng. Reich Security Office), and signed by Heinrich Himmler or Reinhard Heydrich. Some of those arrested were murdered in mass executions, some were deported to the German–run General Governorate, and some were sent to concentration camps. The personal details of 3,047 people deported within two months of 1940 were established. Among the victims were 33 Catholic priests, 22 of whom perished in concentration camps (the clergy were sent — in 5 transports — first to KL Dachau, and then to KL Gusen, where they slaved in quarries). Altogether, the Germans murdered c. 2,000 members of the Polish Upper Silesia intellectual elite. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.05.30]
)

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‑called General Governorate where it was called «AB‑aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04]
)

Ribbentrop-Molotov: Genocidal Russian–German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so–called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti–Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislaus Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German–Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian–German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
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Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic–pre–Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
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Silesian Uprisings: Three armed interventions of the Polish population against Germany in 1919‑1921 aiming at incorporation of Upper Silesia and Opole region into Poland, after the revival of the Polish state in 1918. Took place in the context of a plebiscite ordered on the basis of the international treaty of Versailles of 28.06.1919, ending the First World War, that was to decide national fate of the disputed lands. The 1st Uprising took place on 16‑24.08.1919 and broke out spontaneously in response to German terror and repression against the Polish population. Covered mainly Pszczyna and Rybnik counties and part of the main Upper Silesia industrial district. Suppressed by the Germans. 2nd Uprising took place on 19‑25.08.1920 in response to numerous acts of terror of the German side. Covered the entire area of the Upper Silesia industrial district and part of the Rybnik county. As a result Poles obtained better conditions for the campaign prior the plebiscite. The poll was conducted on 20.03.1921. The majority of the population — 59.6% — were in favor of Germany, but the results were influenced by the admission of voting from former inhabitants of Upper Silesia living outside Silesia. As a result the 3rd Uprising broke out, the largest such uprising of the Silesian in the 20th century. It lasted from 02.05.1921 to 05.07.1921. Spread over almost the entire area of Upper Silesia. Two large battles took place in the area of St. Anna Mountain and near Olza. As a result on 12.10.1921 the international plebiscite commission decided on a more favorable for Poland division of Upper Silesia. The territory granted to Poland was enlarged to about ⅓ of the disputed territory. Poland accounted for 50% of metallurgy and 76% of coal mines. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25]
)

sources

personal:
silesia.edu.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, kolomilosnikowbielszowic.wordpress.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25]
, www.ipgs.usClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23]
, arolsen-archives.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.05.30]

original images:
kolomilosnikowbielszowic.wordpress.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25]
, www.alamy.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.08.22]
, kolomilosnikowbielszowic.wordpress.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25]
, stowarzyszniehdkrybnik.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]

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