• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
link to OUR LADY of PERPETUAL HELP in SŁOMCZYN infoSITE LOGO

Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

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  • KOROBCZUK Leo; source: Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonina Troc-Sosna, „Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th—21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post-war Poland”, Warsaw-Bielsk Podlaski 2017, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOKOROBCZUK Leo
    source: Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonina Troc-Sosna, „Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th—21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post-war Poland”, Warsaw-Bielsk Podlaski 2017
    own collection
  • KOROBCZUK Leo, source: www.przegladprawoslawny.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOKOROBCZUK Leo
    source: www.przegladprawoslawny.pl
    own collection
  • KOROBCZUK Leo - Grave, cemetery, Łasków, source: www.impantokratoros.gr, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOKOROBCZUK Leo
    Grave, cemetery, Łasków
    source: www.impantokratoros.gr
    own collection
  • KOROBCZUK Leo - Contemporary icon; source: Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonina Troc-Sosna, „Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th—21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post-war Poland”, Warsaw-Bielsk Podlaski 2017, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOKOROBCZUK Leo
    Contemporary icon
    source: Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonina Troc-Sosna, „Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th—21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post-war Poland”, Warsaw-Bielsk Podlaski 2017
    own collection

religious status

saint

surname

KOROBCZUK

forename(s)

Leo (pl. Lew)

  • KOROBCZUK Leo - Tomb, cemetery, Łasków, source: www.impantokratoros.gr, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOKOROBCZUK Leo
    Tomb, cemetery, Łasków
    source: www.impantokratoros.gr
    own collection

canonisation date

07.06.2003

CANONISATION symbol

Saint Council of the Bishops of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Churchmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.12.07]

function

presbiter (i.e. iereus)

creed

Eastern Orthodox Church ORmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Chełm‐Podlachia OR eparchy (Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the Generalgouvernement AOC‐GG)more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]

date and place
of death

10.03.1944

DEATH symbol

Łaskówtoday: Mircze gm., Hrubieszów pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]

details of death

His ministry, after studying at the monastery of St.

Onufry in Jabłeczna, spanned three Orthodox parishes linked by similar fates. In two of them, in Werbkowice and Mircze, the churches were built by the faithful of the Slavic‐Byzantine Catholic Church, also known as the Uniate Church — in 1864 and 1814, respectively. After the fall of the anti‐Russian January Uprising of 1863‐1864, the tsarist Russian authorities, however, outlawed the Uniate Church in 1875, forcing the faithful into Orthodoxy. The churches were converted into Orthodox ones. At the same time, in 1889/1890, a church was also built in the third place of his ministry, Łasków. However, from all these churches and parishes, the Orthodox priests and a large part of the parishioners fled in 1915, during World War I, after the Russian defeat in the battle of Gorlice with the armies of the Central Powers (the German Empire and the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy), as part of the so‐called „bezhenstvo”, i.e., the panic‐stricken flight of c. 3 million members of the Russian administration of the partitioned Polish territory — officials, Orthodox clergy, military personnel, teachers, etc., along with their families — deep into Russia. Most never returned — as was the case in all three places of his subsequent ministry. Two Orthodox churches‐in Werbkowice and Mircze‐were taken over by the Roman Catholic Church, but the church in Łasków stood empty and decaying. The latter was demolished by the Polish authorities in 1938 during the so‐called Polonization and Restitution Operation.

When the German and Russian invasion of Poland took place in 09.1939 and World War II began, after start of the German occupation, all three places found themselves in the Germ. Landkreis Hrubieszów (Eng. Hrubieszów County) within the Germ. Distrikt Lublin (Eng. Lublin District), which was part of the German occupied and run quasi‐state called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG. The Germ. SS‐ und Polizeiführer (Eng. SS and Police Commander) in the Germ. Distrikt Lublin, and de facto deputy governor of this district, was one of the greatest criminals in human history, the Austrian, Odilo Lotario Globočnik, whom one historian described as „the most vile individual in the most vile organization that has ever existed”. The Germans immediately introduced terror against the Polish population. In the Chełm region, including the Germ. Landkreis Hrubieszów, they de facto restored the policy of Ukrainization, which had its origins in 1918, at the end of World War I, when on 09.02.1918, the occupying Central Powers concluded a treaty in Brest with the fledgling, seasonal Ukrainian state, with its capital in Kyiv, in which they granted the Chełm region to Ukraine by the law of caducus, i.e. „with disregard for the rights” , to exclude Poles. This was expressed, i.a. in shuting down Polish schools and handing them over to Ukrainians, and expelling Catholic priests from parishes and converting churches into Orthodox churches.

This happened, among others, in Werbkowice, a village inhabited in 1939 by an estimated 1,845 people, among them c. 57% Orthodox — where was just beginning his ministry as a psalmist. There, not only was the church taken from the Catholics, but the rectory was turned into a station for the collaborative Ukrainian Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police). A similar situation occurred in Mircze.

When was preparing for ordination to the priesthood, i.e. priestly chirotony, the Germans liquidated the Hrubieszów ghetto — as part of the German genocidal plan, Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question), which in the GG was carried out under the codename Germ. «Aktion Reinhardt» (Eng. Operation Reinhardt). Among the victims were Jews from Werbkowice, Mircze and Łasków. Most of them, c. 8,000, were deported to the VL Sobibor extermination camp, and prob. over 1,000 murdered in the vicinity of Hrubieszów. In carrying out the genocide, the Germans were assisted by gendarmerie units, Germ. Sonderdienst (Eng. Special Service), i.e. the auxiliary police of the GG governor, and the trainees brought in from the Germ. SS‐Ausbildungslager (Eng. SS Training Camp) in Trawniki. A significant portion, if not the majority, in all these units were Ukrainians. The fourth group assisting the Germans in the deportation of Jews to VL Sobibor was the Germ. Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst (Eng. Jewish Order Service). The last, large‐scale deportation from the Hrubieszów ghetto took place 11 days after his ordination.

Immediately thereafter, at the turn of 1942/1943, began his pastoral ministry. It is unclear, exactly where — sources are ambiguous. Some point to Mircze, where an Orthodox church was located‐robbed from Catholics in 1939/1940; others to Łasków, c. 4 km away, where there was no church. Prob. ministered to both communities, especially since his eparchy suffered from a shortage of priests.

The beginning of his ministry coincided with the beginning of Germ. Aktion Zamość (Eng. Operation Zamość), a German displacement and pacification operation in the „Zamość region”, part of the broader Germ. Generalplan Ost (Eng. General Plan East), a German settlement and Germanization plan for the territories of Central, Eastern, and Eastern Europe. Germ. Aktion Zamość was led by the aforementioned genocide perpetrator, SS‐Grupenführer Odilo Globočnik. As part of it, the Germans displaced 100,000—110,000 Poles, including 30,000 children, intending to settle 60,000 German colonists in their place. Those displaced were taken to concentration camps, where many were murdered. Some of the children — the „racially purest” — were literally robbed and given to German families.

It was then, in three rounds — the first on 23.01.1943, and the last on 15.04.1943 — that the Germans evicted c. 740 Poles from Mircze from their homes and deported them to unknown destinations. In 1939, Mircze had a population of c. 2,300, of whom c. 65% were Roman Catholics. On 01.01.1943, before the final expulsions, only 1,208 remained. The village was depopulated, but immediately afterwards, as part of the Germ. Ukraineraktion (Eng. Ukrainian Operation), the Germans began bringing in Ukrainians resettled from other areas, who were to provide a „protective belt” against Polish partisans (part of the Polish Clandestine State).

The authors of „Liber Albus” do not know his position or stance on these and subsequent events.

And these followed fast, one after another. In 02.1943 Roman Shukhevych, nom de guerre „Taras Chuprynka”, the chief commander of the Ukrainian, genocidal OUN/UPA organisation, issued an order: „The extermination operation should be carried out according to the following principles: Polish villages are to be burned, and their populations massacred. Attacks on towns will take place in broad daylight, not at night. In mixed villages, the Polish population alone should be liquidated, and farmsteads should be burned only if they are 15 meters away and when there is no risk of the fire spreading to neighboring Ukrainian buildings. The Ukrainian population will receive instructions as to where to gather during the attack […] For every Ukrainian murdered, whether by Poles or Germans, 100 (one hundred) Poles will be executed”.

It was the de facto signal for the commencement of the «Genocidium Atrox» — i.e. the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”.

Immediately thereafter, in 03.1943, the UPA issued an appeal to members of the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei, collaborating with Germans, in some regions also referred to as the Germ. Schutzmannschaft (Eng. Protection Battalions), i.e. Schuma, which co‐participated in the Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage», to desert and join the UPA. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Ukrainians did so.

The tactics of the genocidal Ukrainians were detailed in an order issued by the UPA commander in Volyn, region in the Germ. Reichskommissariat Ukraine, neighbouring Germ. Distrikt Lublin — from 11.1943 commander of the Operational Group „UPA‐North” — Dmytro Klachkivsky, nom de guerre „Klym Savur”. Anticipating Germany's defeat in the war with Russia, in 06.1943 explained and ordered: „We should carry out a major operation to eliminate the Polish element. When the German troops withdraw, we should use this opportune moment to eliminate the entire male population aged 16 to 60 […] We cannot lose this fight, and we must weaken Polish forces at all costs. Forest villages and villages located near forest massifs should disappear from the face of the earth”.

In the first half and summer of 1943, the OUN/UPA carried out hundreds of genocidal attacks on Polish villages and hamlets in Volyn. At the end of 1943, it decided to expand its mass genocidal operations to the German‐occupied Germ. Distrikt Galizien (Eng. District of Galicia) and the Chełm region, both part of the GG. At the turn of 1943/44, small units of the genocidal UPA (and larger groups about 50 km south of Łasków) began to infiltrate the Chełm region — across the Bug River from Volyn — including his parish.

The Germans did not react, focusing almost exclusively on fighting the Polish partisan forces of the independence Home Army AK and the Peasant Battalions BCh (part of the Polish Clandestine State), active in the Germ. Landkreis Hrubieszów, and this in the context of the situation on the German–Russian front in the east, that was forcing the Germans to throw all available forces to defend the German positions — on 24.12.1943, a large Russian offensive, today known as the Dnieper–Carpathian Operation, began, and the front began to rapidly approach central Volyn, Rivne, and Lutsk. Moreover, Germans left internal control over the occupied territories almost exclusively to collaborationist formations, retaining only general supervisory functions for themselves. In the Chełm region, in the Germ. Landkreis Hrubieszów, this meant that the only uniformed formations engaged in maintaining internal order were de facto units consisting of Ukrainian collaborators. These were the Germ. Gendarmerie, Schuma, as well as the Germ. Galizisches SS Freiwilligen Regiment 5 – Polizei (Eng. 5th Galician Volunteer Regiment of the SS – police), i.e. SS‐GFR5P — units of the German Die Schutzstaffel der NSDAP (Eng. NSDAP Protection Squad), i.e. «SS», a paramilitary formation subordinate to the ruling National Socialist German Workers' Party NSDAP in Germany. In the area were also recruitment centers of Germ. Ersatz/Ausbildungseinheiten (Eng. replacement/training units) for the combat formations, being created, i.e. Germ. 14. Waffen–Grenadier–Division der SS – ukrainische Nr. 1 (Eng 14. Grenadier Division of the Waffen SS – 1. Ukrainian), known as «SS‐Galizien».

Since the UPA formally did not operate in the General Government until the end of 1943 — in order to avoid infuriating the Germans — rural centers saw the formation of what were euphemistically called Ukr. Самооборонні кущові відділи (Eng. self‐defense unit), de facto branches of the UPA, preparing to implement the orders of „Taras Chuprynka” Shukhevych and implement «Genocidium Atrox» in the GG, including the Chełm region. Shelters were built, weapons were stockpiled, and trenches were dug. All these Ukrainian armed formations intertwined, remaining under the increasing ideological and practical control of the genocidal OUN/UPA — and in the spring In 1944, they in fact deserted to the genocidal UPA.

The resistance Polish Clandestine State observed the situation. Traumatized Polish refugees began to appear in the Germ. Landkreis Hrubieszów, recounting details of the «Genocidium Atrox» in Volyn and the unprecedented barbarity of the UPA and Ukrainians. The infiltration of UPA genocidal groups across the Bug River into the Chełm region was observed. The increasing activity of collaborative Ukrainian formations, de facto deprived of German supervision, was observed. I.a. on 14.02.1944, Ukrainian collaborationist units — including the SS‐GFR5P unit stationed in Mircze — attacked Polish AK and BCh partisans stationed in the village of Górka‐Zabłocie, c. 6 km to the east. Despite the Ukrainian advantage, the battle ended without a clear outcome.

A preemptive action was decided upon, and its execution was ordered to Stanislav Basaj, nom de guerre „Ryś”, unit. „Ryś” was the organizer and commander of the largest BCh unit fighting the Germans and the genocidal UPA during World War II, and had experienced combat with the Germans, which led to the suppression and subsequent elimination of the Germ. Aktion Zamość (the resistance effort today known as the Zamość Uprising). „Ryś” was to be supported by the AK unit of Zenon Jachymek, nom de guerre „Wiktor”.

One of the targets was Łasków, a village with a population in 1939 of c. 500, c. 93% Ukrainian, adjacent to the scattered colony of Łasków, which was predominantly Polish. There were suspicions that Łasków had become the organizational center of the UPA's genocidal militias. The direct trigger were two Ukrainian attacks on 08‐09.03.1944, against Poles in the village of Prehoryłe, which were repelled by the Poles, though many Polish civilians were murdered, and an attack by the UPA on Polish villages, planned for 16.03.1944, which AK and BCh intelligence learned about.

On 10.03.1944, a coordinated action by the AK and BCh took place against several Ukrainian villages, considered UPA mobilization centers, including: Sahryń and Łasków. The strongholds of collaborative Ukrainian units were destroyed. According to Polish sources, „120 SS men, 20 gendarmes, and 50 Ukrainian policemen were killed”, with minimal losses. A weapons cache was allegedly found in bunkers located in Łasków. A large number of „civilians” were killed in the attack. Ukrainian sources report dozens, or even hundreds, of civilian casualties in Łasków.

Was one of them. At some point, moved from Mircze, which was threatened by Polish attacks, and was staying in Łasków.

With a group of c. 20 parishioners, hid in an underground bunker, from which was dragged out and, after torture, killed, along with those in hiding.

Orthodox sources claim that was „shot several times, decapitated, and stabbed to death”.

On 12.10.2007, the génocidaire Roman Shukhevych was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. In 12.2020, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, in a resolution, recognized génocidaire Dmitry Klachkivsky as „the leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Volyn and a participant in the struggle for Ukraine's independence in the 20th century”. In several locations, monuments and commemorative plaques have been erected to these Lat. „hostis humani generis”, the schools were named after them.

Lat. „O Tempora! O mores!

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Poles

sites and events

«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

09.08.1919

BIRTH symbol

(f. Yaroslav Governorate territory)existing till 1929
today: Russia

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]

parents

KOROBCZUK Gabriel
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?

MAN and WOMAN symbol


🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

11.10.1942

ORDINATION symbol

positions held

02.07.1943 – 1944

parish priest — Łaskówtoday: Mircze gm., Hrubieszów pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ St Stephen OR parish — local Orthodox St Stephen's church was supposed to be destroyed around 1939, during a vindication operation of Uniate churches (looted by the Orthodox Church during the Russian partition)

from 02.12.1942

parish priest — Mirczetoday: Mircze gm., Hrubieszów pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.29]
⋄ St Cosma and St Damian the Martyrs OR parish ⋄ Kryłówtoday: Mircze gm., Hrubieszów pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.03.15]
OR deanery — the church, after the German occupation began in 10.1939, robbed from Catholics and handed to the Orthodox Church

c. 1942

priest — Chełmtoday: Chełm city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ St John the Evangelist OR cathedral church — employee of the offices of the Chełm–Podlachia Eparchy of the Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the Generalgouvernement AOC‐GG

11.10.1942

presbiter (Eng. priest, i.e. iereus) — Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the Generalgouvernement AOC‐GG — priesthood cheirotonia, i.e. ordination, on 19.04.1942 preceded by deacon cheirotonia

c. 1939 – 1942

psalmist — Werbkowicetoday: Werbkowice gm., Hrubieszów pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ St Michael the Archangel OR parish — c. 1940, the local church was forcefully taken over — with the help of the German occupier — by the Orthodox Church (originally it was a Uniate church, during the partition period robbed by the Russians and handed over to the Orthodox Church, after 1918 taken back by the Catholic Church)

1936 – 1939

student — Jabłecznatoday: Sławatycze gm., Biała Podlaska pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ School of Conductors and Psalmists ⋄ St Onuphrius OR monastery (stavropegial)

married — two children

others related
in death

BAZYLUKClick to display biography James (monk Ignatius), HOLCClick to display biography Nicholas, MARTYSZClick to display biography Basil, OHRYZKOClick to display biography Peter, PERADZEClick to display biography Gregory (Fr Gregory), SZWAJKOClick to display biography Paul, ZACHARCZUKClick to display biography Sergius, BOBERClick to display biography Alexander, BOROWIKClick to display biography Michael, TRUDZIŃSKAClick to display biography Wanda Janet (Sr Longina)

sites and events
descriptions

«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20]
)

Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13]
)

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

sources

personal:
prasa.wiara.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
, pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
, www.impantokratoros.grClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
, drevo-info.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26]

bibliographical:
Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th‐21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post–war Poland”, Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonine Troc-Sosna, Warsaw–Bielsk Podlaski 2017
Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm
original images:
www.przegladprawoslawny.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]
, www.impantokratoros.grClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
, www.impantokratoros.grClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]

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