function

religious cleric

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Society of the Divine Word (i.e. Verbite Fathers) SVDmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
(i.e. Verbites, Divine Word Missionaries, Steyler Missionaries)

honorary titles

„Iron Cross” II classmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.04.25]

date and place
of death

09.01.1941

KL Buchenwaldconcentration camp
today: n. Weimar, Weimar urban dist., Thuringia state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09]

details of death

prisoner camp's numbers

2401Click to display source page (KL BuchenwaldClick to display the description)

cause of death

extermination: exhaustion and starvation

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

KL BuchenwaldClick to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, IL BruckauClick to display the description, Reichsgau WarthelandClick to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion Schlesien»Click to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Upper Silesians in the German Imperial ArmyClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

14.03.1895

Rogówtoday: Gorzyce gm., Wodzisław Śląski pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

religious vows

03.04.1920 (temporary)
29.09.1923 (permanent)

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

13.05.1925 (Maria EnzersdorfSt Gabriel missionhouse
today: Mödling dist., Lower Austria state, Austria
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18])

positions held

others related
in death

BUKOWSKIClick to display biography Leopold, DOMERACKIClick to display biography Joseph, DRWALClick to display biography Francis, DRWĘSKIClick to display biography Stanislav (Bro. Felician), GLAKOWSKIClick to display biography Stanislav, HANKEClick to display biography Francis, HAROŃSKIClick to display biography Leo, KULISZClick to display biography Charles, KUPILASClick to display biography Francis, LANGNERClick to display biography Herbert, PANKOWSKIClick to display biography Marian, POLEDNIAClick to display biography Paul, ROGACZEWSKIClick to display biography Adalbert Theophilus, SCHULZClick to display biography Joseph Valentine, SEKRECKIClick to display biography Henry, STOCKClick to display biography Joseph

sites and events
descriptions

KL Buchenwald: In German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Buchenwald concentration camp, founded in 1937 and operational till 1945, Germans held c. 238,380 prisoners and murdered approx. 56,000 of them, among them thousands of Poles. Prisoners were victims of pseudo‐scientific experiments, conducted among others by Behring‐Werke from Marburg and Robert Koch Institute from Berlin companies. They slaved for Gustloff in Weimar and Fritz‐Sauckel companies manufacturing armaments. To support Erla‐Maschinenwerk GmbH in Leipzig, Junkers in Schönebeck (airplanes) and Rautal in Wernigerode Germans organized special sub‐camps. In 1945 there were more than 100 such sub‐camps. Dora concentration camp was initially one of them, as well as KL Ravensbrück sub‐camps (from 08.1944). On 08.04.1945 Polish prisoner, Mr Guido Damazyn, used clandestinely constructed short wave transmitter to sent, together with a Russian prisoner, a short message begging for help. It was received and he got a reply: „KZ Bu. Hold out. Rushing to your aid. Staff of Third Army” (American). Three days later the camp was liberated. (more on: www.buchenwald.deClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10])

Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])

IL Bruckau: The Gestapo District Office in Poznań issued on 13.12.1939 executive instruction Ref. IIB No. 406/39 Tgb. No. 3045/39, ordering: „Based on the regulation of the Germ. Höherer SS‐ und Polizeiführer (Eng. Higher Commander of the SS and Police) [of the German province of Warthegau (Eng. Greater Poland)] of 12.11.1939 [SS‐Gruppenführer Wilhelm Koppe], apart from Poles and Jews, also Catholic clergy will be expelled. Action against this group of people should be carried out in such a way that internment and transport are separate […] C. 80% of Catholic clergy are expected to be expelled. The selection based on political threat posed. Internees cannot be placed in regular transit camps due to the possibility of international protest. Catholic clergy should be interned in men's monasteries and held there till mass transportation out”. One of them was the Divine Word Missionaries SVD house in Bruczków, c. 15 km from Jarocin, where the Germans — Geheime Staatspolizei (Eng. Secret State Police), i.e. Gestapo — created the German „Internierungslager” (Eng. „internment camp”) IL Bruckau for the Polish clergy. From c. 14.03.1940, 56 Polish priests and 12 friars, were held there. In 08.1940, most of them were sent to the German concentration camps KL Buchenwald and KL Dachau. From 12.1941, by order of the SS‐Obergruppenführer, Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party and Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) of Germ. Warthegau province, Arthur Charles Greiser, a germanization facility for Polish children, grabbed by the Germans from Polish orphanages (e.g. Olsztyn) and families, was established in the SVD Congregation's house. The Austrian „psychologist” Hildegard Hetzel decided there whether children were „suitable for Germanization” (after the end of the war, she continued her career as a university psychologist, claiming that „did not know” how the results of her research „were to be used”). In 1942, there prob. was a strike of 15 children who were taken to the vicinity of Poznań and murdered by the Germans. (more on: www.bruczkow.powiatgostyn.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.06.23])

Reichsgau Wartheland: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Two were added to existing German provinces. From two other separate new provinces were created. Greater Poland region was one of them, incorporated into Germany on 08.10.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), and on 24.01.1940 transformed into the Germ. Reichsgau Wartheland province, in which the law of the German state was to apply. The main axis of the policy of the new province, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact that 90% of its inhabitants were Poles, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. C. 100,000 Poles were murdered as part of the Germ. „Intelligenzaktion”, i.e. extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes. C. 630,000 were forcibly resettled to the Germ. Generalgouvernement, and their place taken by the Germans brought from other areas occupied by Germany (e.g. the Baltic countries, Bessarabia, Bukovina, etc.). Poles were forced to sign the German nationality list, the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL. As part of the policy of „Ohne Gott, ohne Religion, ohne Priesters und Sakramenten” (Eng. „No God, no religion, no priest or sacrament”) most Catholic priests were arrested and sent to concentration camps. All schools teaching in Polish, Polish libraries, theaters and museums were closed. Polish landed estates confiscated. To further reduce the number of the Polish population, Poles were sent to forced labor deep inside Germany, and the legal age of marriage for Poles was increased (25 for women, 28 for men). The German state office, Germ. Rasse‐ und Siedlungshauptamt (Eng. Main Office of Race and Settlement) RuSHA, under the majesty of German law, abducted several thousand children who met specific racial criteria from Polish families and subjected them to forced Germanization, handing them over to German families. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Arthur Karl Greiser, was executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.21])

«Intelligenzaktion Schlesien»: A planned action of arrests and extermination of Polish Upper Silesia intellectual elite in general recorded in a proscription list called „Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen” — participants of Upper Silesia uprisings, former Polish plebiscite activists, journalists, politicians, intellectuals, civil servants, priests — organised by Germans mainly in 04‐05.1940, aiming at total Germanisation of the region. The relevant decree, no IV‐D2‐480/40, was issued by the RSHA, i.e. Germ. Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Eng. Reich Security Office), and signed by Heinrich Himmler or Reinhard Heydrich. Some of those arrested were murdered in mass executions, some were deported to the German‐run Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), and some were sent to concentration camps. The personal details of 3,047 people deported within two months of 1940 were established. Among the victims were 33 Catholic priests, 22 of whom perished in concentration camps (the clergy were sent — in 5 transports — first to KL Dachau, and then to KL Gusen, where they slaved in quarries). Altogether, the Germans murdered c. 2,000 members of the Polish Upper Silesia intellectual elite. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.05.30])

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

Upper Silesians in the German Imperial Army: During World War I, the inhabitants of Upper Silesia — Poles and Germans: men up to 40 years of age — were drafted mainly into the German 12. Division of the Army of the German Empire, which formed part of the Germ. VI. Armee‐Korps (Eng. VI Army Corps), with headquarters in Nysa. After an initial, short expedition to Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (part of the Russian partition) — the troops reached Częstochowa — the division was transferred to the Western Front. On 05‐09.09.1914 took part in the Battle of the Marne (wounded and killed: 455,000 Germans, 372,000 French), when the French stopped the German attack (the so‐called Schlieffen Plan), which led to 4 years of trench warfare. The division fought in the trenches during the Battle of Verdun 21.02‐18.12.1916 (wounded and killed: 338,000 Germans, 348,000 French), with a break for reinforcement and participation in the Battle of the Somme 01.07‐17.11.1916 (wounded and killed: 440,000 Germans, 620,000 French and the British). From 12.1916 to 04.1917 on the Eastern Front, where it did not take part in major battles. In 05‐06.1917 back on the Western Front. On 24.10‐19.11.1917, it took part in the Battle of Caporetto on the Pilava River in Slovenia, supporting the Austro‐Hungarian troops (wounded and killed: 70,000 Austrians, 43,000 Italians, 265,000‐275,000 Italian POWs captured) — in the battle, the Germans used combat gases. In 1918, again on the Western Front: 07‐29.04.1918 in the Battle of Lys, during the German Spring Offensive (also called the Fourth Battle of Ypres — wounded and killed: c. 119,000 Allies, c. 100,000 Germans); and on 08—10.10.1918 in the Battle of Cambrai, during the final Allied counteroffensive (wounded and killed: 12,000 British, 10,000 Germans). In the infantry regiments, losses were to reach 100‐130% of the initial levels, and 10‐15% of soldiers did not return home from the war. In total, c. 780,000‐800,000 Poles fought in the Army of the German Empire, of whom c. 110,000 died and twice as many were wounded or became war invalids. 56,000 soldiers from Upper Silesia died and 28,000 were permanently disabled. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.07.07])

sources

personal:
ruda_parafianin.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19], www.hagiographycircle.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.gornagrupa.werbisci.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16], svdgg.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.06.23]
original images:
bsip.miastorybnik.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25], svdgg.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.06.23], encyklo.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.04.23], docplayer.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.02.15], svdgg.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.03.10]