• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
link to OUR LADY of PERPETUAL HELP in SŁOMCZYN infoSITE LOGO

Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

personal data

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  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: www.radaopwim.gov.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: www.radaopwim.gov.pl
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: www.muzeumkatynskie.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: www.muzeumkatynskie.pl
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: www.youtube.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: www.youtube.com
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: pl.wikipedia.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: pl.wikipedia.org
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: www.youtube.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: www.youtube.com
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: pl.wikipedia.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: pl.wikipedia.org
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: www.youtube.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: www.youtube.com
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo, source: www.muzeumkatynskie.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    source: www.muzeumkatynskie.pl
    own collection

religious status

Servant of God

surname

ZIÓŁKOWSKI

forename(s)

John Leo (pl. Jan Leon)

  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, cenotaph, parish cemetery, Wieliczka, source: www.akgrot.wieliczka.eu, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, cenotaph, parish cemetery, Wieliczka
    source: www.akgrot.wieliczka.eu
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, monument, parish church, Łapanów, source: www.lapanow.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, monument, parish church, Łapanów
    source: www.lapanow.pl
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, monument, parish church, Łapanów, source: www.lapanow.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, monument, parish church, Łapanów
    source: www.lapanow.pl
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, Our Lady Queen of Poland garrison church, Rzeszów, source: pamietajskadjestes.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, Our Lady Queen of Poland garrison church, Rzeszów
    source: pamietajskadjestes.pl
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, monument, Wąwolnica, source: radio.lublin.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, monument, Wąwolnica
    source: radio.lublin.pl
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, Exultation of the Holy Cross monastery, Kalwaria Pacławska, source: ofm.krakow.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, Exultation of the Holy Cross monastery, Kalwaria Pacławska
    source: ofm.krakow.pl
    own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, military field cathedral, Warsaw, source: own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, military field cathedral, Warsaw
    source: own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, military field cathedral, Warsaw, source: own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, military field cathedral, Warsaw
    source: own collection
  • ZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo - Commemorative plaque, St Stanislaus church, Sankt Petersburg, source: ipn.gov.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOZIÓŁKOWSKI John Leo
    Commemorative plaque, St Stanislaus church, Sankt Petersburg
    source: ipn.gov.pl
    own collection

function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Cracow archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

honorary titles

War Order of Virtuti Militari – Silver (5th Class)more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.10.13]

September Campaign Crossmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.11.24]

Commander's Cross „Polonia Restituta”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]

„Cross of Valour”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]

Gold „Cross of Merit”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]

Commemorative Medal for War of 1918-21more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.10.13]

Ten Years of Independence Medalmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.10.13]

Commemorative badge of the Border Protection Corpsmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.12.15]

Commemorative Medal on the 10th Anniversary of the Liberation War (Latvia)more on
lv.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.12.15]

date and place
of death

08.04.1940

Katyntoday: Smolensk reg., Smolensk oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]

alt. dates and places
of death

09.04.1940, 10.04.1940

details of death

In 10.1914, volunteered for the Polish Legions formed within the Austro–Hungarian Army, but was not accepted.

During the Polish–Russian War of 1919‑1921, a chaplain of the 5th Legions Infantry Regiment. Participated in the last battles against the Russians in the Vilnius region in 1919, which led to the announcement by French Marshal Ferdinand Foch of the so‑called demarcation line separating Poland from Lithuania (leaving Vilnius on the Polish side) — prob. was then chaplain of two hospitals in Vilnius. Next took part in the so‑called Latgale campaign, during which initially Poland pushed the Bolshevik Russians beyond the Dvina, and then in 01.1920, in cooperation with the Latvians, captured the Daugavpils fortress and the entire Latgale, leading to the establishment of the independent Republic of Latvia. In 05.1920, took part with his regiment in the Kiev expedition, on c. 07.07.1920 entering Kiev and leaving it on 10.06.1920 after the start of the Russian offensive. After the retreat (during which the 5th Regiment won a spectacular victory over the Russians in the Battle of Ignatpol), took part in the Polish counter–offensive from the Wieprz River on c. 16.08.1920, which was part of the Battle of Warsaw (called the „Miracle on the Vistula”). The last stage was the so‑called Battle of the Neman on 20‑26.09.1920. During it, on c. 22.09.1920 took part in the Battle of Sejny with Lithuanian troops, and prob. in the victorious battles with Russians for Grodno and Lida. After defeating the Russians, participated in pursuit battles that pushed the enemy far to the east. Military operations ended on 31.12.1921.

During the Second Polish Republic, a military chaplain on active duty.

In 08.1939, appointed head of the pastoral service of the 24th Infantry Division of „Karpaty” Army. During the German invasion of Poland, which began on 01.09.1939 (the Russians attacked Poland 17 days later) and the beginning of World War II, ministered in it during whole campaign: from Tarnów, through Pilzno, Strzyżów, Bircza, Przemyśl, Mostyska, Sudova Vyshnya, Yaniv, retreating towards Lviv and taking part in many defensive clashes with the Germans, including near Bircza (11‑12.09.1939). On 18.09.1939, a day after the Russian attack, his regiment was defeated near Riasne–Ruske in the vicinity of Lviv. A small part of the division managed to get to the encircled Lviv (from c. 20.09.1939 by the Russians — the Germans withdrew and gave up the occupied areas to the Russians), some tried to break through to the Polish–Hungarian border (and managed to do so, among others, the commander of the Army „Kraków”, Gen. Casimir Sosnkowski).

On 17.09.1939, for unknown reasons, before the final disbandment of the regiment, found himself near Ternopil, c. 110 km east of Lviv. That day, the first day of the Russian invasion, the Russians occupied Ternopil and arrested him in Darakhov, c. 25 km east of Ternopil. Perhaps was heading towards Buchach and the Polish–Romanian border.

Initially prob. held captive in the NKVD Yarmolyntsi POW camp.

From there, in cattle wagons, transported to the NKVD Kozelshchyna POW camp near Poltava (was there on 15.10.1939). Next, on 04.11.1939, transported to the NKVD Kozielsk concentration camp.

On 23‑24.12.1939, avoided being transported, along with almost all the clergy held in the camp, to the Butyrki prison in Moscow: instead for celebrating religious services was held — from c. 20.12.1939, for 7 days, i.e. for Christmas — in a punishment cell.

From then on was the only Catholic priest in Kozelsk, secretly extending spiritual care to the prisoners.

From Kozelsk — his name is on the NKVD deportation list No. nr 015/2, item 39 (case No. 1801), prepared in Moscow NKVD HQ on 05.04.1940, with an order to be placed at the disposal of the head of the NKVD Directorate in Smolensk — deported on c. 07.04.1940 (that day was called for transport) to the execution site in the Katyn forest or in the basement of the internal prison of the Regional Directorate of the NKVD in Smolensk, and murdered there. Before execution, was probably massacred by his executioners, which was noticed by the judicial and medical commission during the exhumation carried out in 1943 by the Germans (with the participation of several Poles and foreign observers).

By Polish Minister of Defence’s decision No. 439/MON of 05.10.2007 posthumously promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Russians

date and place
of birth

02.04.1889

Wola Wieruszyckatoday: Łapanów gm., Bochnia pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

29.06.1913 (Cracow cathedralmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]
)

positions held

1937 – 1939

head/manager — Jarosławtoday: Jarosław gm., Jarosław pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01]
⋄ Roman Catholic Military Pastoral Area, Command of the Corps District DOK No. X Przemyśl, Polish Armed Forces

1937 – 1939

parish priest — Jarosławtoday: Jarosław gm., Jarosław pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01]
⋄ Roman Catholic Military Pastoral Area, Command of the Corps District DOK No. X Przemyśl, Polish Armed Forces ⋄ St Adalbert the Bishop and Martyr RC military parish

1930 – 1937

chaplain — Chortkivtoday: Chortkiv urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20]
⋄ „Podolia” Brigade, Border Security Corps KOP

1925 – 1930

head/manager — Stanislavivtoday: Ivano–Frankivsk, Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20]
⋄ Roman Catholic Military Pastoral Area, Command of the Corps District DOKNo. VI Lviv, Polish Armed Forces

1925 – 1930

parish priest — Stanislavivtoday: Ivano–Frankivsk, Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20]
⋄ Roman Catholic Military Pastoral Area, Command of the Corps District DOKNo. VI Lviv, Polish Armed Forces ⋄ St Stanislav the Bishop and Martyr RC military parish

1924 – 1925

head/manager — Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ Roman Catholic Military Pastoral Area, Command of the Corps District DOK No. II Lublin, Polish Armed Forces

1922 – 1924

head/manager — Vilniustoday: Vilnius city dist., Vilnius Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.06]
⋄ Roman Catholic Military Pastoral Area, Command of the Corps District DOK No. III Grodno, Polish Armed Forces — also: chaplain of garrisons in Vilnius, Grodno and Lida

1922

parish priest — 1st Legions Infantry Division, Polish Armed Forces

03.05.1922

RC senior military chaplain — Polish Armed Forces — verified, with seniority of 01.06.1919, with 27th place in the Roman Catholic military clergy, in the major rank

16.12.1921

RC senior military chaplain — Polish Armed Forces — commissioned, with seniority of 01.04.1920, in the major rank

1919 – 1921

chaplain — 5th Legions Infantry Regiment, Polish Armed Forces — during the Polish–Russian war of 1919‑1921

21.07.1919

RC military chaplain — Polish Armed Forces — professional

1917 – 1919

prefect — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ Ursula Kochanowska's People's School for Girls

1913 – 1917

vicar — Babicetoday: Babice gm., Chrzanów pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ All the Saints RC parish ⋄ Nowa Góratoday: Krzeszowice gm., Kraków pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
RC deanery — also: prefect of elementary schools

1909 – 1913

student — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Department of Theology, Jagiellonian University UJ

1909 – 1913

student — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Theological Seminary

others related
in death

ALEKSANDROWICZClick to display biography Anthony, CHOMAClick to display biography Edward Anthony, CICHOWICZClick to display biography Nicholas, DRABCZYŃSKIClick to display biography Ignatius Marian (Cl. Dominic), FEDOROŃKOClick to display biography Simon, ILKÓWClick to display biography Nicholas, KONTEKClick to display biography Stanislav, POHORECKIClick to display biography John, POTOCKIClick to display biography John Josaphat, SUCHCICKIClick to display biography Casimir, URBANClick to display biography Vladislav Michael, SZEPTYCKIClick to display biography Andrew Mary Stanislav

murder sites
camp 
(+ prisoner no)

Katyn (NKWD murders 1940): From 03.04.1940 till 12.05.1940 Russians in a planned genocide executed in Katyń c. 4,400 Polish POWs kept in Kozielsk concentration camp. The victims were brought by train through Smolensk to the Gnezdowo station in convoys, in groups of 50 to 344 people. From the station to the crime scene, in the so‑called the Kozye Hory area —NKVD recreation center — the victims were transported in a prison bus (known as „chornyi voron”, i.e. black crow). At the site the younger and stronger had military coats put over their heads and their hands were tied behind their backs with a Russian‑made hemp rope, after which they were all killed at short distance with a shot from a 7.65 mm Walther pistol, usually one to the back of the head. Some victims were pierced with a square Russian bayonet. A number of the victims were prob. murdered in the basements of the so‑called internal prison of the NKVD Regional Directorate in Smolensk, where the victims were placed in a sewer manhole, their heads were placed on the bank, and then they were shot in the back of the head. The murdered were buried in eight pits ‑ mass graves. The victims included, among others: Rear Admiral Xavier Czernicki, Generals Bronislav Bohatyrewicz, Henry Minkiewicz and Mechislav Smorawiński, the Chief Orthodox Chaplain of the Polish Army, Lieutenant Colonel Simon Fedorońko, the Chief Rabbi of the Polish Army, Major Baruch Steinberg, 9 Roman Catholic priests, one Greek Catholic and one Evangelical priest, as well as one woman — a pilot Second Lieutenant Janine Lewandowska. The murders were part of an organized Russian genocidal operation against Polish prisoners of war, bearing all the hallmarks of genocide, known as the «Katyn genocide». (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21]
)

«Katyn genocide 1940»: On 05.03.1940, the Russian Commie–Nazi authorities — the Politburo of the Russian Communist Party — made a formal decision to exterminate tens of thousands of Polish intelligentsia and military personnel held in Russian camps as a consequence of the German–Russian Ribbentrop–Molotov Agreement, the invasion of Poland and the annexation of half of Poland in 09.1939, and the beginning of World War II. The implementing act was order No. 00350 of the head of the NKVD, Mr Lavrentyi Beria, on the „discharge of NKVD prisons” in Ukraine and Belarus. The entire action — the murders were committed, among others, in Katyn, Kharkov, Tver, Bykovnia and Kuropaty — was coordinated centrally from the NKVD headquarters in Moscow. This is evidenced by the so‑called deportation lists of subsequent groups of Polish prisoners (usually about 100 people) from NKVD camps sent to places of execution, prepared and distributed a few days before the executions from Moscow. It is also evidenced by the earlier deportations of Polish priests from the Kozelsk, Ostashkov and Starobilsk NKVD camps to NKVD prison in Moscow, or their isolation, just before Christmas on 25.12.1939, prob. in order to deprive Polish prisoners of spiritual care at that time — clearly actions controlled from the NKVD HQ in Moscow. There are indications — i.e. four so‑called „NKVD–Gestapo Methodical Conferences” of 1939‑1940: in Brest on Bug, Przemyśl, Zakopane and Cracow — of close collaboration between Germans and Russians in realization of plans of total extermination of Polish nation, its elites in particular — decision that prob. was confirmed during meeting of socialist leaders of Germany: Mr Heinrich Himmler, and Russia: Mr Lavrentyi Beria, in another German leader, Mr Hermann Göring, hunting lodge in Rominty in Romincka Forest in East Prussia. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.12.15]
)

NKVD Kozelsk POW camp (prisoner no: 1801): Russian concentration camp for Poles arrested after the invasion in 1939, operating in 1939‑1940 in Kozelsk — on the premises of the 18th century Orthodox Stauropygial Introduction of the Mother of God into the Temple Optyn Monastery, shut down and robbed by the Russian Bolsheviks in 1923. In 04‑05.1940, c. 4,594 people were detained there, who were then — as part of the implementation of the decision of the Russian authorities to exterminate dozens thousands of Polish intelligentsia and military personnel — murdered in Katyn. The prisoners included one rear admiral of the Polish Navy, four generals, c. 100 colonels and lieutenant colonels, c.300 majors and c.1,000 captains and captains of the Polish Army. Around half of them were reserve officers, including: 21 professors, associate professors and lecturers at universities, over 300 doctors, several hundred lawyers, several hundred engineers, several hundred teachers and many writers, journalists and publicists. There was also one woman, 2nd Leutenant pilot Janine Lewandowska. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23]
)

NKVD Kozelshchyna POW camp: POW camp — „filtration” camp, where the Russians selected and isolated the most „dangerous” or most valuable prisoners — established after the Russian invasion of Poland on 17.09.1939, the establishment of the NKVD Board for Prisoners of War and Internees on 19.09.1939 by the head of the NKVD, Lavrenty Beria, and the order to establish a number of camps for Polish POWs. Set up c. 500 m from the Kozelshchyna railway station, in the Poltava Oblast in Ukraine, by the Poltava – Kremenchuk railway line. In 1939, c. 8,000 Polish POWs were held captive prior to being transported to other concentration camps. Police prisoners were kept in tents, rank–and–file soldiers in the buildings of the former Orthodox monastery church, shut after the Bolsheviks took power in Russia, and officers were kept in the rest of the church buildings, converted by the Bolsheviks mainly into state farm pigsties (emptied after the pigs died out during the erysipelas epidemic). Everyone was forced to do slave work, according to the principle „those who don't work, don't eat”. According to the survivers, place was cold and they had to queue for hours for water. (more on: www.insignis.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.12.15]
)

NKVD Yarmolyntsi POW camp: POW camp — „filtration” camp, where the Russians selected and isolated the most „dangerous” or most valuable prisoners — established after the Russian invasion of Poland on 17.09.1939, the establishment of the NKVD Board for Prisoners of War and Internees on 19.09.1939 by the head of the NKVD, Lavrenty Beria, and the order to establish a number of camps for Polish POWs. Founded in a Russian military base established in 1935, partially abandoned due to the participation of units stationed there in the war with Poland, located right next to the railway station on the Kamianets–Podilskyi — Proskuriv line. Up to several dozen thousand Polish prisoners of war were held there, in very difficult conditions, and then, after selection, they sent to other camps. (more on: kuriergalicyjski.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.12.15]
)

Ribbentrop-Molotov: Genocidal Russian–German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so–called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti–Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislaus Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German–Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian–German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic–pre–Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

Polish-Russian war of 1919—1921: War for independence of Poland and its borders. Poland regained independence in 1918 but had to fight for its borders with former imperial powers, in particular Russia. Russia planned to incite Bolshevik–like revolutions in the Western Europe and thus invaded Poland. Russian invaders were defeated in 08.1920 in a battle called Warsaw battle („Vistula river miracle”, one of the 10 most important battles in history, according to some historians). Thanks to this victory Poland recaptured part of the lands lost during partitions of Poland in XVIII century, and Europe was saved from the genocidal Communism. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20]
)

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bibliographical:
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