function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Culm (Chełmno) diocesemore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2012.11.23]
RC Military Ordinariate of Polandmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]

academic distinctions

Sacred Theology MA

date and place
of death

15.10.1939

Skarszewytoday: Skarszewy gm., Starogard Gdański pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.29]

alt. dates and places
of death

15.10.1939, 11.1939

Wielka Piaśnicaknown as Piaśnica
today: Puck gm., Puck pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09]

details of death

alt. details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

SkarszewyClick to display the description, PiaśnicaClick to display the description, WejherowoClick to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Reichsgau Danzig‐WestpreußenClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

29.01.1908

Nowe Miasto Lubawskietoday: Nowe Miasto Lubawskie urban gm., Nowe Miasto Lubawskie pov., Warmia‐Masuria voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.02]

alt. dates and places
of birth

28.01.1908

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

20.12.1930 (Pelpin cathedralmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14])

positions held

others related
in death

DUNAJSKIClick to display biography Maximilian, KAJUTClick to display biography John, KINKAClick to display biography Valerian, KŁOSClick to display biography Anthony, MAŁACHOWSKIClick to display biography Paul, RESZKAClick to display biography Boniface, RUCHNIEWICZClick to display biography Hugh Joseph, SITKIEWICZClick to display biography Bronislav, SZUCAClick to display biography Bruno Paul, JANKClick to display biography Leo, LIPSKIClick to display biography Francis, ŚPICAClick to display biography Walter John, WRÓBLEWSKIClick to display biography Louis Stanislav, ŁOBOCKIClick to display biography Joseph John

sites and events
descriptions

Skarszewy: In the forests around Skarszewy (in Mestwinowo forest, among others) in 10‐11.1939 Germans — prob. Einsatzkommando EK 16 unit — murdered at least 400 Poles from Skarszewy region, in mass executions — as a part of «Intelligenzaktion» directed against Polish leading activists in occupied territories. Members of the German genocidal organization Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz (Eng. Self‐Defense) and SS and German police officers also took part in the executions. Wehrmacht soldiers sometimes secured places of execution. In the winter of 1944, when the triumphant Russians were approaching Pomerania, the Germans dug up and burned the bodies buried in some mass graves. Only c. 340 bodies of victims of German terror were exhumed. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19])

Piaśnica: In the forests of Piaśnica, c. 1 km from the center of Wielka Piaśnica village near Wejherowo in Pomerania, as part of the Germ. «Intelligenzaktion», from 10.1939 to 04.1940, the Germans murdered, in mass executions, 12,000‐14,000 Poles from Gdańsk Pomerania, mostly Polish intelligentsia. Genocides were committed by SS units (including the Wachsturmbann „Eimann” unit) with the help of members of the paramilitary organization Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz, consisting of treacherous Polish citizens of German origin. Arrested people who found themselves on the so‐called German „Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen” — a named proscription list of „enemies of the Reich”. The victims were usually transported by trains to Wejherowo, in closed wagons attached to a regular passenger services. There, the wagons were detached and the victims, after a brutal selection, with families and children separated, were loaded onto trucks and buses. There pits were awaiting them, dug out initially by local German farmers, and later by Polish‐prisoners from the Germ. Neufahrwasser camp in Gdańsk, known as the Germ. „Himmelfahrtskommando” (Eng. „Ascension into Heaven commando”) — these after some time were murdered and new ones were brought in. The victims had to undress to their underwear, and then in groups of 5‐6 people were murdered with a shot to the back of the head, standing or kneeling over a dug hole. The wounded were finished off — some with rifle butts. Some of the children were murdered by smashing their heads against tree trunks. The graves were then covered, and in 1940 seedlings of trees and bushes were planted on them. In 1944, in the face of the impending defeat of the war, the Germans forced Polish prisoners from the KL Stutthof concentration camp to dig up the graves and burn the bodies, and then murdered the prisoners. Piaśnica is referred to as „Pomeranian Katyn” or „Kashubian Golgota”. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.10.09])

Wejherowo: A detention center built in c. 1877, taken over by the Germans after the German invasion of Poland on 01.09.1939. The first murders were committed there on 10.09.1939. In the detention center, designed for c. 300 people, the Germans held up to around 3,000 people — they were even held in the chapel and corridors. Among the detainees were Polish prisoners of war. In 1939, as part of the «Intelligenzaktion» — an action to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and leadership classes — the final selection of Poles brought by train was also carried out there, before being sent to the place of genocidal murders in Piaśnica. C. 2,000 prisoners from the detention center itself, detained in Wejherowo and nearby villages, were also taken there and murdered. (more on: www.sw.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.17])

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Two were added to existing German provinces. From two other separate new provinces were created. Vistula Pomerania region was one of them, incorporated into Germany on 08.10.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), and on 02.11.1939 transformed into the Germ. Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen (Eng. Reich District of Gdańsk‐West Prussia) province, in which the law of the German state was to apply. The main axis of the policy of the new province, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact that 85% of its inhabitants were Poles, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. C. 60,000 Poles were murdered in 1939‐1940, as part of the Germ. „Intelligenzaktion”, i.e. extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes, in c. 432 places of mass executions — including c. 220 Polish Catholic priests. The same number were sent to German concentration camps, from where few returned (over 300 priests were arrested, of whom c. 130 died in concentration camps). C. 124,000‐170,000 were displaced, including c. 90,000 to the Germ. Generalgouvernement. Poles were forced en masse to sign the German nationality list, the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL. Polish children could only learn in German. It was forbidden to use the Polish language during Catholic Holy Masses and during confession. Polish landed estates were confiscated..To further reduce the number of the Polish population, Poles were sent to forced labor deep inside Germany. The remaining Poles were treated as low‐skilled labor, isolated from the Germans and strictly controlled — legally, three or three of them could only meet together, even in their own apartments. Many were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht army. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Albert Maria Forster, was executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.24])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
www.sanktuarium.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.13], picasaweb.google.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.13], archiwum-ordynariat.wp.mil.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], biblioteka.wejherowo.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
bibliographical:
„Martyrology of the Polish Roman Catholic clergy under nazi occupation in 1939‐1945”, Victor Jacewicz, John Woś, vol. I‐V, Warsaw Theological Academy, 1977‐1981
„Biographical dictionary of priests ordained in the years 1921‐1945 working in the Chełmno diocese”, Fr Anastasius Nadolny, prof., Bernardinum publishing house 2021
original images:
www.panoramio.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31], plus.google.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.03.21], biblioteka.wejherowo.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]