Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
surname
SIATECKI
forename(s)
Thaddeus (pl. Tadeusz)
function
diocesan priest
creed
Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]
diocese / province
Lviv archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
date and place
of death
01.11.1942
Bychkovtsitoday: Chortkiv urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]
alt. dates and places
of death
1942 (at the end)
details of death
In 1918, at the end of World War I, volunteered for the Polish Army, known as the „Blue” — after the color of the French uniforms, i.e. the French „L'Armée bleue” — established by decree of French President Raymond Poincaré on 04.06.1917, on the initiative of Roman Dmowski and the Polish National Committee he led, and formed in France by General Joseph Haller. Its core consisted of Poles from the United States, responding to Ignatius John Paderewski's appeal, as well as emigrants from Canada and France. In Pennsylvania, USA, where was ministering at the time, a recruitment drive was underway for volunteers, called „Polish Falcons”, including among priests, with the intention of establishing a military chaplaincy. However, was not accepted and remained in the USA for several more years.
After return do Poland, from 1938, ministered in the village of Bychkovtsi, then in Chortkiv district in the Ternopil Voivodeship, c. 13 km north of Chortkiv, on the Seret River. It had an estimated population of c. 1,600, including c. 71% Roman Catholic Poles, c. 29% Greek Catholic Ukrainians, and 5 Jewish families — meanwhile, in the rural communal settlements of Chortkiv district, c. 59% were Greek Catholics, c. 37% Roman Catholics, and c. 3% Jews. Bychkovtsi was therefore a kind of Polish enclave in an area inhabited mainly by Ukrainians (outside the towns, where Poles constituted the majority).
After the German and Russian attack on Poland in 09.1939, World War II began. According to the agreement between the two allies, ratified by the genocidal Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 23.08.1939, the Trenopil Voivodeship fell to the Russians. The Russian occupation began. In the autumn of 1939, arrests of the intelligentsia, teachers, doctors, landowners, government officials, and the families of Polish military personnel began. In 1940‐1941, many other Poles became victims of four large waves of deportations „to Siberia”. In addition, 150,000–200,000 men were conscripted into the Russian army, and c. 100,000 were forced to work for Russian industry, mainly in the mines of the Donets Basin, in heavy industry plants in the Urals and in Siberia. Then the surveillance of priests and monks began. High taxes were imposed on the clergy.
The fate of the inhabitants of Bychkovtsi mirrored this Polish fate. They must also have heard c. the events in the district of Chortkiv, many of whose inhabitants were arrested by the Russians, e.g. Vitold Błażyński, president of the District Court in Chortkiv, or soldiers of the Border Protection Corps Battalion KOP „Chorkiv”. Several of them were included on the so‐called Ukrainian Katyn List, also known as the „Tsvetukhin list”, of murdered Poles — prob. in Kiev — based on the decision of the highest Russian authorities of 05.02.1940. They must have received information about the fate of a group of young Poles — aged 18‐22, or even younger — threatened with conscription into the Russian army, mainly associated with the Polish National Party, which gathered in the „Young Poland” organization. Around Christmas 1939, or at the beginning of 01.1940, in the Dominican Church in Chortkiv, in the choir — with the knowledge and support of the prior of the monastery, F Justin John Spyrłak — a conspiratorial oath of its members took place. A decision was made to attempt to get to France, where the Polish government was then forming Polish military units. The intention was to seize Russian military barracks, free those held in prison, seize the railway station and use a captured train to get through the border crossings, in Zalishchyky, c. 45 km away — to Romania, and from there to France. The action — the first such uprising during World War II, which went down in history as the „Chortkiv Uprising” — was planned for the anniversary of the outbreak of the anti‐Russian January Uprising of 1863. On Sunday, 21.01.1940, at 8:00 p.m. in the Dominican Fathers" Church, c. 200 participants gathered. The attack on the barracks failed, however, and the Russians quickly mobilized large armed forces, including the genocidal NKVD. News of the Polish action reached the highest levels of Russian power, the Kremlin.
c. 128 young Poles were quickly arrested. By 23.01.1940, 242 were arrested, and by 25.04.1940, as many as 540 suspected of underground activities — mainly members of the Union of Armed Struggle ZWZ. All were interrogated and tortured. A show trial was held for those detained, during which at least 21 people were sentenced to death — the sentences were carried out — 55 were sent to Russian Gulag slave labor camps, and most of the rest were deported deep into Russia, „to Siberia”.
On 22.06.1941, Germany attacked its erstwhile ally, the Russians, and the German occupation began. Bychkovtsi became part of the Germ. Kreishauptmannschaft Tschortkiw (Eng. Chortkiv County), which was part of the Germ. Distrikt Galizien (Eng. Galicia District German‐occupied and run quasi‐state called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG.
The period 1941‐1943 was marked in particular by the extermination of Jews. In 1939, the Chortkiv county population was c. 17,500, of whom c. 48% were Roman Catholic Poles, c. 24% Greek Catholic Ukrainians, and c. 27%, i.e. c. 4,700Jews. In the autumn of 1939, many Jews arrived, fleeing the German occupation, even up to 3,000. On 10.07.1941, immediately after the Germans entered Chortkiv on 06.07.1941, a pogrom of c. 300 Jews, carried out by the Ukrainian population, took place. The Jews were suspected and accused of collaborating with the Russians — largely justifiably — including participation in the massacre of hundreds of people held in the Chortkiv prison (the Russians and the Jews collaborating with them also murdered eight Dominican monks from Chortkiv). By 15.10.1941, the Germans had murdered another 250 Jews in the surrounding forests, mostly Jewish intelligentsia, a list of whom was prepared by the German‐appointed Germ. Judenrat (Eng. Jewish Council). From 15.10.1941, a decree by Hans Frank, the Germ. Generalgouverneur (Eng. Governor General) of the GG, came into force, according to which „Jews, who leave their assigned district without authorization are subject to the death penalty. The same punishment shall apply to persons who knowingly provide hiding places for such Jews”, and „Instigators and accomplices are subject to the same punishment as the perpetrator; an attempted act shall be punished as a completed act.
In less serious cases, hard labor or imprisonment may be imposed”.
From the beginning of 1942, the Germans implemented the genocidal plan called Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question), which in the GG was codenamed Germ. «Aktion Reinhardt» (Eng. Operation Reinhardt). In 03.1942, a ghetto was established in Chortkiv, where, as it seems, c. 6,800 Jews were locked in. It is not clear when Jews from nearby villages, including Bychkovtsi, were brought to Chortkiv — perhaps it happened then. Some Jews were systematically transported from the ghetto to various places of slave labor, including e.g. to the plantations of the Kazakh dandelion (i.e. Taraxacum kok‐saghyz), a plant from Central Asia, cultivated for the rubber contained in the milky sap of its roots, which the German company Continental AG produced for the German war machine, and to the Germ. Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden (Eng. forced labor camp for Jews) in Lviv on Janowska Street, i.e. the so‐called Janowski ZALfJ Lemberg camp, providing slave labor for the genocidal Germ. Die Schutzstaffel der NSDAP (Eng. NSDAP Protection Squad), i.e. «SS», a paramilitary formation subordinate to the ruling National Socialist German Workers' Party NSDAP in Germany — a company of Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke DAW, supplying the German war machine with supplies of uniforms, timber, metals, and repairs to war equipment. None of them returned. 27.08.1942 Germany — with the help of the collaborative Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police), in some regions also referred to as the Germ. Schutzmannschaft (Eng. Security Battalions), i.e. Schuma, as well as the Germ. Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst (Eng. Jewish Order Service), subordinate to the German Judenrat — herded c. 2,300 Jews into the town square, then drove them all to the railway station and crammed into cattle wagons. During the brutal Germ. Aktion (Eng. action), c. 300 Jews were killed, and the rest were deported to the Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. Extermination Camp) VL Belzec, where they were all murdered. The second such Germ. Aktion took place on 05.10.1952, when c. 500 Jews were deported from the town — some to ZALfJ Lemberg, and most to VL Belzec. The rest of the Chortkiv Jews were murdered in the vicinity of the town: in the summer of 1942, at the Jewish cemetery — c. 110; 16‐19.06.1943 in pits and holes near the temporary airport constructed by the Germans — c. 2,000; 23.06.1943, prob. in the so‐called Black Forest — c. 500. The Germans were then able to announce in their reports that the town was Germ. „Judenrein” (Eng. „free of Jews”), although for several months Jews were still being murdered in nearby villages, where they were forced to perform slave labor.
Was murdered before the final liquidation of the Chortkiv ghetto.
One witness, in the most extensive memoir known, wrote: „He was partially paralyzed and very strict. He conducted religious education and masses in a wheelchair. It's possible that an incurable illness caused a negative attitude toward his surroundings and a distance from people. In 1940, I received my First Holy Communion from him.
At the end of 1942, the priest was killed by Ukrainian nationalists.
He was buried in the cemetery, and the faithful made a cross for him from a fallen tree lying by the cemetery fence. In 1945, before being deported to the so‐called Recovered Territories, the tree unexpectedly sprouted leaves. The place quickly became a place of pilgrimage for parishioners, who claimed it was a miracle”.
It is not known who committed the murder. In Chortkiv the murders of Jews, in which the Germ. collaborationist Ukrainische Hilfspolizei participated, were still going on. The genocidal OUN was yet refraining from taking action against Poles. This changed a few months later, when in 02.1943 Roman Shukhevych, nom de guerre „Taras Chuprynka”, the chief commander of the Ukrainian, genocidal OUN/UPA organisation, who in 1941 was a member of the Ukrainian Germ. Sondergruppe Nachtigall (Eng. Special Group Nightingale) — a unit of the Germ. Wehrmacht (Eng. Armed Forces) that took part in the German attack on Russians in 1941, accused of participating in the Jewish pogrom in Lviv in 1941 — and later a member of the Germ. Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 201 (Eng. 201st Protection team Battalion) — responsible for the murder of Jews and civilians in the territory of Belarus — issued an order: „The extermination operation should be carried out according to the following principles: Polish villages are to be burned, and their populations massacred. Attacks on towns will take place in broad daylight, not at night. In mixed villages, the Polish population alone should be liquidated, and farmsteads should be burned only if they are 15 meters away and when there is no risk of the fire spreading to neighboring Ukrainian buildings. The Ukrainian population will receive instructions as to where to gather during the attack […] For every Ukrainian murdered, whether by Poles or Germans, 100 (one hundred) Poles will be executed”.
It was the de facto signal for the commencement of the «Genocidium Atrox» — i.e. the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”.
Immediately thereafter, in 03.1943, the UPA issued an appeal to members of the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei to desert and join the UPA ranks. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Ukrainians did so. How many of them were Chortkiv Ukrainians is unknown.
Polish villages were drenched in blood. Tens of thousands of Poles were murdered by the Ukrainians — with German passivity — in an extremely barbaric manner. Hundreds of villages were burned.
Perished as one of the first victims of «Genocidium Atrox».
Over a year later, in 02.1944, Ukrainian génocidaires attacked his village of Bychkovtsi. They murdered at least 73 Poles.
On 12.10.2007, the génocidaire Roman Shukhevych was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. In several locations, monuments and commemorative plaques have been erected to this Lat. „hostis humani generis”, the schools were named after them.
Lat. „O Tempora! O mores!”
cause of death
murder
perpetrators
Ukrainians
sites and events
«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, VL BelzecClick to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description
date and place
of birth
07.02.1874
Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
presbyter (holy orders)
ordination
04.07.1897
Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
positions held
c. 1938 – 1942
curatus/rector/expositus — Bychkovtsitoday: Chortkiv urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Our Lady of Sorrows RC church ⋄ Khomikivkatoday: part of Kosiv village, Bilobozhnytsya hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02], St Anthony of Padua RC parish ⋄ Chortkivtoday: Chortkiv urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery
1936 – c. 1938
administrator — Tadanytoday: Kamyanka‐Buzka urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Hlynianytoday: Hlyniany urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.21] RC deanery
1926 – 1936
parish priest — Voronivtoday: Horodenka urban hrom., Kolomyia rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
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uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ RC parish ⋄ Horodenkatoday: Horodenka urban hrom., Kolomyia rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.22] RC deanery
c. 1922 – 1926
curatus/rector/expositus — Voronivtoday: Horodenka urban hrom., Kolomyia rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
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uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ RC church ⋄ Obertyntoday: Obertyn hrom., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
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uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02], St Peter and St Paul the Apostles RC parish ⋄ Horodenkatoday: Horodenka urban hrom., Kolomyia rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.22] RC deanery
04.1921 – 09.1921
parish priest — Duquesnetoday: Allegheny Cou., Pennsylvania US‐PA state, United States of America
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[access: 2023.08.19] ⋄ St Hedwig RC parish
09.1914 – 04.1921
parish priest — Connellsvilletoday: Fayette Cou., Pennsylvania US‐PA state, United States of America
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[access: 2023.08.19] ⋄ Holy Trinity RC parish
1911 – 09.1914
parish priest — Ford Citytoday: Armstrong Cou., Pennsylvania US‐PA state, United States of America
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.08.19] ⋄ St Francis of Paola RC parish
from c. 1907
parish priest — Youngstowntoday: Mahoning Cou., Ohio US‐OH state, United States of America
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.03] ⋄ St Casimir RC parish — parish organizer
from c. 1907
priest — (United States of America territory)today: United States of America
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[access: 2022.08.05]
c. 1906 – 1907
prefect — Jagiellonian Horodoktoday: Horodok, Horodok urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC parish ⋄ Jagiellonian Horodoktoday: Horodok, Horodok urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery
c. 1905 – c. 1906
prefect — Zhovkvatoday: Zhovkva urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.22] ⋄ St Lawrence the Deacon and Martyr RC parish ⋄ Zhovkvatoday: Zhovkva urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.22] RC deanery
1902 – c. 1905
parish priest — Rosokhovatetstoday: Kupchyntsi hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ St Adalbert the Bishop and Martyr RC parish ⋄ Terebovlyatoday: Terebovlya urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery
1902
administrator — Rosokhovatetstoday: Kupchyntsi hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ St Adalbert the Bishop and Martyr RC parish ⋄ Terebovlyatoday: Terebovlya urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery
c. 1901 – 1902
vicar — Kozovatoday: Kozova hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.24] ⋄ St Stanislav the Bishop and Martyr RC parish ⋄ Berezhanytoday: Berezhany urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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[access: 2020.11.15] RC deanery
1899 – c. 1901
vicar — Khorostkivtoday: Khorostkiv hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.27] ⋄ St Joseph Calasanz RC parish ⋄ Terebovlyatoday: Terebovlya urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery — also: prefect of elementary schools
1897 – 1899
vicar — Terebovlyatoday: Terebovlya urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Terebovlyatoday: Terebovlya urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery
1893 – 1897
student — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Metropolitan Theological Seminary
others related
in death
BIEŃKOClick to display biography Peter, PERUCKIClick to display biography Leo, ROGOWSKIClick to display biography Adalbert, BOJAKOWSKIClick to display biography Stanislav (Bro. Andrew Mary), CZERWONKAClick to display biography Martin (Bro. Reginald), IWANISZCZÓWClick to display biography Charles (Bro. Methodius), LONGAWAClick to display biography Francis (Fr Jerome), MISIUTAClick to display biography Stanislav (Fr Hyacinth), SPYRŁAKClick to display biography John (Fr Justin), WINCENTOWICZClick to display biography Joseph, ZNAMIROWSKIClick to display biography Adam (Fr Anatol Mary)
sites and events
descriptions
«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20])
VL Belzec: German Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. Extermination camp) VL — oficially known as SS‐Sonderkommando Belzec — operational from 03.1942 till 06.1943 n. Belzec village, c. 8 km to the south of Tomaszów Lubelski, founded as part of German „Reinhardt” program of extermination of Jewish population. Victims were mainly Polish Jews from ghettos and camps in German‐run General Governorate, mainly from Galicia, Cracow and Lublin districts; but also Austrian, Czech, German, Slovak and Hungarian Jews. The victims were murdered in stationary gas chambers with exhaust fumes. The number of exterminated is estimated to reach c. 450,000. The camp was run by c. 20. German and Austrian SS functionaries at any one time. They were supported by a company of watchmen (Germ. SS‐Wachmannschaften) — mainly former Russian POWs who switched sides, in general of Ukrainian nationality. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.02.08])
Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
sources
personal:
kresykedzierzynkozle.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], ksi.btx.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.04.25]
bibliographical:
„Schematismus Universi Saecularis et Regularis Cleri Archi Diaeceseos Metropol. Leopol. Rit. Lat.”, Lviv Metropolitan Curia, from 1860 till 1938
„Mysterium iniquitatis. Clergy and religious of the Latin rite murdered by Ukrainian nationalists in 1939‐1945”, Fr Józef Marecki, Institute of National Remembrance IPN, Kraków 2020
„Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933‐1945”, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ed. Martin Dean, volume II: „Ghettos in German–Occupied Eastern Europe”, part A
„Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm
original images:
wegliniec.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31]
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