Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
surname
RÓŻYCKI
forename(s)
Mieczyslav (pl. Mieczysław)
function
diocesan priest
creed
Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]
diocese / province
Gniezno and Poznań archdiocese (aeque principaliter)more on
www.archpoznan.pl
[access: 2012.11.23]
Wrocław archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
RC Military Ordinariate of Polandmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]
honorary titles
„Cross of Valour”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
War Order of Virtuti Militarimore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.10.13]
„Cross of Independence”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.02.02]
Gold „Cross of Merit”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
date and place
of death
28.03.1940
KL Stutthofconcentration camp
today: Sztutowo, Sztutowo gm., Nowy Dwór Gdański pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09]
details of death
On 31.12.1918, joined the ranks of the Polish units fighting in the Greater Poland Uprising of 1918‐1919, which broke out on 27.12.1918, becoming chaplain of the Western Front of the Greater Poland Army (titular parish priest). Took part in the battles for Wolsztyn (04.01.1919), Kargowa and Babimost (11‐12.02.1919) and in the Battle of Wielki Grójec (14.02.1919). For a short time was prob. the Dean at the General Command of the insurgent Greater Poland Army. The Uprising ended on 16.02.1919 with the armistice in Trier, enforced by the victorious Entente states, by virtue of which the Polish insurgent Greater Poland Army was recognized as an allied force and a border was set, which „German troops were forbidden to cross”, leaving a large part of Greater Poland outside their influence — Greater Poland itself, however, formally still remained the Germ. Provinz Posen (Eng. Poznań Province), part of the German state, although under actual Polish control. On 23.03.1919 became chaplain of the 2nd Greater Poland Rifle Division on the Greater Poland Northern Front (titular parish priest, actual rank of major). Spent time, among others, with the 2nd Greater Poland Field Artillery Regiment in Biedrusko and the 4th Greater Poland Riflemen Regiment in Wągrowiec, which were then in the process of being formed. On 13.07.1919 — after the Treaty of Versailles of 26/06/1919, which ended the World War I, granted Greater Poland to Poland, although its formal incorporation into the Polish state could only take place after the ratification of the treaty — was appointed dean of the emerging Command of the General District DOG „Pomerania” of the Polish Army (formally established on 13.08.1919), at the same time becoming chaplain of the Toruń Rifle Regiment, established by order of 30.05.1919, which Polish volunteers from Germ. Provinz Westpreußen (Eng. West‐Prussian province), i.e. Pomerania, enrolled into, after crossing the border into Greater Poland, which was already under Polish control, threatened by the activities of the Germ. Grenzschutz Ost (Eng. Eastern Border Guard). On 10.01.1920, after the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, prob. entered Pomerania with Polish troops, perhaps with the Toruń Rifle Regiment on 18.01.1920 entering Toruń, effectively annexing Pomerania to Poland.
And then moved to the Eastern Front, becoming a chaplain of one of the units of the Polesye Group and the 9th Infantry Division. The Polish–Russian War of 1919‐1921 was already underway. In Polesye, in the winter of 1919/1920, the front was established in central Belarus, c. halfway between Luninets and Mazyr. In 03.1920, the Polesye Group captured Mazyr and Kalinkavichy, shifting the front line c. 80 km to the east. Was with the Group till 15.04.1920. Was also there in 07.1920, after the Kiev expedition of 05‐06.1920, in which the Group participated, i.a..
capturing Chernobyl and Rechytsa, when the great Russian offensive began and the Polish forces were pushed westwards. Took part in the defence of the fortress and the city of Brest on the Bug River 30.07‐02.08.1920. Leaving the city led to the dissolution of the Polesye Group on 06.08.1920.
Moved north, to the North–Eastern Front. During the Battle of Warsaw (known as the „Miracle on the Vistula”), which began on c. 13.08.1920 and ended in a Polish triumph, gained fame in the Battle of Brodnica on 18.08.1920. At the village of Grzybno near Brodnica, marched „in the first battle line, 50 metres ahead of the attacking unit, instilling in […] soldiers the faith in victory, strengthening their courage and strong will” and leading with a cross in his hand and the cry „Follow me, boys” („Boys! The Lord is our Shepherd! In the name of Jesus Christ, go forward!”, as a contemporary writer described it) an assault on Russian troops (supported by German officers). Participated in fighting against the Russians until 01.10.1920, possibly taking part in the Battle of the Neman River of 20‐26.09.1920.
Next reported to the Polish Plebiscite Commissariat in Bytom, established in 02.1920 to coordinate propaganda and Polish intelligence activities before the plebiscite that was to decide on the national affiliation of Upper Silesia. The plebiscite, which was the result of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, was held on 20.03.1921. The unjust division of Upper Silesia that followed the plebiscite caused the outbreak of the 3rd Silesian Uprising of 02.05‐–05.07.1921. During the Uprising prob. ministered as chaplain of Polish insurgent units.
By decree of 12.07.1921 formally released from active service in the Polish Army as of 01.04.1921 — these dates coincide with the actual (04.1921) and formal (07.1921) dissolution of the Polish Plebiscite Commissariat. Returned to parish ministry.
After German invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and start of the World War II, after start of German occupation, arrested by the Germans on 21.01.1939. The Archdiocesan Summer Resort in Rościnno, where resided, the Germans robbed and turned into a school and summer camp for Germ. Hitler‐Jugend (Eng. Hitler's Youth), the youth wing of the German National Socialist Party NSDAP.
Interned in Górna Grupa transit camp.
From there on 05.02.1940 moved to ZL Neufahrwasser transit camp.
Finally on 28.02.1940 transported to KL Stutthof concentration camp where perished.
prisoner camp's numbers
9070Click to display source page (KL StutthofClick to display the description)
cause of death
extermination: murder / exhaustion
perpetrators
Germans
sites and events
KL StutthofClick to display the description, ZL NeufahrwasserClick to display the description, Górna GrupaClick to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Reichsgau Danzig‐WestpreußenClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Silesian UprisingsClick to display the description, Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921Click to display the description, Greater Poland UprisingClick to display the description
date and place
of birth
01.01.1876
Biechówkotoday: Drzycim gm., Świecie pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.25]
alt. dates and places
of birth
1878
parents
RÓŻYCKI Theophilus
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?
RODKIEWICZ Marianne
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?
presbyter (holy orders)
ordination
15.12.1901 (Gnieznotoday: Gniezno urban gm., Gniezno pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18])
positions held
1938 – 1939
resident — Rościnnotoday: Skoki gm., Wągrowiec pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.16] ⋄ Summer resort for Priests and Alumni (Archdiocesan Retreat House)
1937 – 1938
chaplain — Puszczykowotoday: Puszczykowo urban gm., Poznań pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.25] ⋄ chapel, Sacred Heart of Jesus Congregation's house, Heart of Jesus' Brothers CFCI ⋄ Blessed Virgin Mary of the Assumption RC parish ⋄ Stęszewtoday: Stęszew gm., Stęszew pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.20] RC deanery
1933 – c. 1937
curatus/rector/expositus — Gostyńtoday: Gostyń gm., Gostyń pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC ⋄ Sacred Heart of Jesus RC chapel ⋄ St Margaret the Virgin and Martyr RC parish ⋄ Gostyńtoday: Gostyń gm., Gostyń pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
1923 – 1933
resident — Wrocław RC archdiocese — prob.
c. 1922
resident — Poznańtoday: Poznań city pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ Command of the Corps District DOK No. VII Poznań, Polish Armed Forces
1919 – 1921
RC military chaplain — Polish Armed Forces — i.a. prob. 02.05‐05.07.1921 participant of the 3rd Silesian Uprising; 1920‐1921 collaborator of the Polish Plebiscite Commissariat in Bytom; 1920 chaplain of the Polesie Group 1920 chaplain of the Polesye Group; formally accepted into the Polish Army as a chaplain by L. 2238 decree of the Commander‐in‐Chief of 30.07.1920; by decree L. 3147 of the Commander‐in‐Chief of 12.07.1921 released from active service on 01.04.1921
1918 – 1919
RC military chaplain — Greater Poland Army (i.e. Polish Armed Forces in the former Prussian Partition), Polish Armed Forces — i.a. 31.12.1918‐23.03.1919 pastor of the Western Front; 23.03.1919‐13.07.1919 pastor of the Northern Front and chaplain of the 2nd Greater Poland Rifle Division; 13.07.1919‐18.01.1920 dean at the Command of the General District Command DOG „Pomerania” and chaplain of the Toruń Rifle Regiment
1910 – c. 1915
parish priest — Gnintoday: Rakoniewice gm., Grodzisk Wielkopolski pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ St John the Baptist RC parish ⋄ Grodzisk Wielkopolskitoday: Grodzisk Wielkopolski gm., Grodzisk Wielkopolski pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery — also: founder of the Farming Group; member of the People's Reading Rooms Society TCL
1909 – 1910
administrator — Gnintoday: Rakoniewice gm., Grodzisk Wielkopolski pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ St John the Baptist RC parish ⋄ Grodzisk Wielkopolskitoday: Grodzisk Wielkopolski gm., Grodzisk Wielkopolski pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
1907 – 1909
vicar — Śremtoday: Śrem gm., Śrem pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ Blessed Virgin Mary of the Assumption RC parish ⋄ Śremtoday: Śrem gm., Śrem pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
1907
vicar — Czempińtoday: Czempiń gm., Kościan pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.25] ⋄ St Michael the Archangel RC parish ⋄ Kościantoday: Kościan gm., Kościan pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
1905 – 1907
vicar — Kościantoday: Kościan gm., Kościan pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ Blessed Virgin Mary of the Assumption RC parish ⋄ Kościantoday: Kościan gm., Kościan pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
1904 – 1905
vicar — Ujścietoday: Ujście gm., Piła pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ St Nicholas the Bishop and Confessor RC parish ⋄ Czarnkówtoday: Czarnków gm., Czarnków/Trzcianka pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.20] RC deanery
1902 – 1903
vicar — Konojadtoday: Kamieniec gm., Grodzisk Wielkopolski pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.19] ⋄ St Andrew the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Grodzisk Wielkopolskitoday: Grodzisk Wielkopolski gm., Grodzisk Wielkopolski pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
1902
vicar — Rokitnotoday: Przytoczna gm., Międzyrzecz pov., Lubusz voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ All the Saints RC parish ⋄ Pszczewtoday: Pszczew gm., Międzyrzecz pov., Lubusz voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
1902
vicar — Bronikowotoday: Śmigiel gm., Kościan pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ St Francis of Assisi RC parish ⋄ Śmigieltoday: Śmigiel gm., Kościan pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] RC deanery
till 1901
student — Gnieznotoday: Gniezno urban gm., Gniezno pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Archbishop's Practical Theological Seminary (Lat. Seminarium Clericorum Practicum)
from 1898
student — Poznańtoday: Poznań city pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Archbishop's Theological Seminary (Collegium Leoninum)
others related
in death
BOLTClick to display biography Felix, BORKOWSKIClick to display biography Paul, BRUDNICKIClick to display biography Alexander, BRZEZIŃSKIClick to display biography Paul John, CZAPLEWSKIClick to display biography John Bruno, DOMACHOWSKIClick to display biography Joseph, FARULEWSKIClick to display biography Thaddeus, GÓRECKIClick to display biography Marian, GRABOWSKI–WIDŁAKClick to display biography Casimir, GUMPERTClick to display biography Steven Edward, KALINOWSKIClick to display biography Anthony, KARBAUMClick to display biography Ernest, KOMOROWSKIClick to display biography Bronislav, KREFFTClick to display biography Constantine Francis, KUBICKIClick to display biography Telesphorus, LESIŃSKIClick to display biography Alex, LESIŃSKIClick to display biography John, ŁĘGOWSKIClick to display biography Vladislav Leonard, MALINOWSKIClick to display biography Thaddeus, MAŁKOWSKIClick to display biography Julius, MAŃKOWSKIClick to display biography Alphonse, MATERNICKIClick to display biography Vladislav, MAZELLAClick to display biography John, NIEMIRClick to display biography Joseph, OSSOWSKIClick to display biography Valerian, POŁOMSKIClick to display biography Leo, RODZIŃSKAClick to display biography Stanislava (Sr Mary Julia), ROGACZEWSKIClick to display biography Francis, RYGLEWICZClick to display biography John, SĄDECKIClick to display biography Bernard, SARNOWSKIClick to display biography Joseph, SCHULZClick to display biography Alphonse Vaclav, SEPEŁOWSKIClick to display biography Vaclav, SMOLEŃSKIClick to display biography Bronislav, SROKAClick to display biography Leo Florian, SZWEDOWSKIClick to display biography Ignatius Mieczyslav, SZYMAŃSKIClick to display biography John Damasus, SZYMAŃSKIClick to display biography Vladislav, WIECKIClick to display biography Bernard Anthony, WILMOWSKIClick to display biography John
sites and events
descriptions
KL Stutthof: In German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Stutthof (then in Eastern Prussian belonging to Germany, today: Sztutowo village) concentration camp, that Germans started to build on 02.09.1939, a day after German invasion of Poland and start of the World War II, Germans held c. 110,000‐127,000 prisoners from 28 countries, including 49,000 women and children. C. 65,000 victims were murdered and exterminated. In the period of 25.01‐27.04.1945 in the face of approaching Russian army Germans evacuated the camp. When on 09.05.1945 Russians soldiers entered the camp only 100 prisoners were still there. In an initial period (1939‐1940) Polish Catholic priests from Pomerania were held captive there before being transported to KL Dachau concentration camp. Some of them were murdered in KL Stutthof or vicinity (for instance in Stegna forest). Also later some Catholic priests were held in KL Stutthof. (more on: stutthof.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.07.06])
ZL Neufahrwasser: Germ. Zivilgefangenenlager (Eng. POW camp for civilians) organized by the Germans on the day of the outbreak of the war, on 01.09. 1939, in Gdańsk ‐ Nowy Port (New Port), in former artillery barracks belonging to Poland, for Poles from Pomerania arrested as part of the «Intelligenzaktion» action — extermination of Polish intelligentsia. Prisoners from ZL Neufahrwasser — 2,702 people were identified, but it is estimated that c. 10,000 arrestees passed through the camp — were sent to the KL Stutthof concentration camp or directly to the places of extermination. The camp operated till 01.04.1940 (more on: stutthof.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10], ofiaromwojny.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])
Górna Grupa: From 10.1939 till approx. 04.1940 in Górna Grupa in Divine Word Missionaries SVD congregation house Germans organised — as part of «Intelligenzaktion», extermination of Polish intelligentsia in Pomerania — a transit camp for Poles, including 95 priests, from Świecie, Bydgoszcz, Chełmno, Grudziądz and Starogard Gdański counties. Approx. of them perished, including 17 that were subsequently executed in Mnichek‐Grupa. In the same place in 1945 Russians set up a concentration camp for Germans, among whom two priests perished. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], www.kpbc.ukw.edu.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.27])
«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])
Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Two were added to existing German provinces. From two other separate new provinces were created. Vistula Pomerania region was one of them, incorporated into Germany on 08.10.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), and on 02.11.1939 transformed into the Germ. Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen (Eng. Reich District of Gdańsk‐West Prussia) province, in which the law of the German state was to apply. The main axis of the policy of the new province, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact that 85% of its inhabitants were Poles, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. C. 60,000 Poles were murdered in 1939‐1940, as part of the Germ. „Intelligenzaktion”, i.e. extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes, in c. 432 places of mass executions — including c. 220 Polish Catholic priests. The same number were sent to German concentration camps, from where few returned (over 300 priests were arrested, of whom c. 130 died in concentration camps). C. 124,000‐170,000 were displaced, including c. 90,000 to the Germ. Generalgouvernement. Poles were forced en masse to sign the German nationality list, the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL. Polish children could only learn in German. It was forbidden to use the Polish language during Catholic Holy Masses and during confession. Polish landed estates were confiscated..To further reduce the number of the Polish population, Poles were sent to forced labor deep inside Germany. The remaining Poles were treated as low‐skilled labor, isolated from the Germans and strictly controlled — legally, three or three of them could only meet together, even in their own apartments. Many were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht army. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Albert Maria Forster, was executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.24])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
Silesian Uprisings: Three armed interventions of the Polish population against Germany in 1919‐1921 aiming at incorporation of Upper Silesia and Opole region into Poland, after the revival of the Polish state in 1918. Took place in the context of a plebiscite ordered on the basis of the international treaty of Versailles of 28.06.1919, ending the First World War, that was to decide national fate of the disputed lands. The 1st Uprising took place on 16‐24.08.1919 and broke out spontaneously in response to German terror and repression against the Polish population. Covered mainly Pszczyna and Rybnik counties and part of the main Upper Silesia industrial district. Suppressed by the Germans. 2nd Uprising took place on 19‐25.08.1920 in response to numerous acts of terror of the German side. Covered the entire area of the Upper Silesia industrial district and part of the Rybnik county. As a result Poles obtained better conditions for the campaign prior the plebiscite. The poll was conducted on 20.03.1921. The majority of the population — 59.6% — were in favor of Germany, but the results were influenced by the admission of voting from former inhabitants of Upper Silesia living outside Silesia. As a result the 3rd Uprising broke out, the largest such uprising of the Silesian in the 20th century. It lasted from 02.05.1921 to 05.07.1921. Spread over almost the entire area of Upper Silesia. Two large battles took place in the area of St. Anna Mountain and near Olza. As a result on 12.10.1921 the international plebiscite commission decided on a more favorable for Poland division of Upper Silesia. The territory granted to Poland was enlarged to about ⅓ of the disputed territory. Poland accounted for 50% of metallurgy and 76% of coal mines. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.05.25])
Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921: War for independence of Poland and its borders. Poland regained independence in 1918 but had to fight for its borders with former imperial powers, in particular Russia. Russia planned to incite Bolshevik‐like revolutions in the Western Europe and thus invaded Poland. Russian invaders were defeated in 08.1920 in a battle called Warsaw battle („Vistula river miracle”, one of the 10 most important battles in history, according to some historians). Thanks to this victory Poland recaptured part of the lands lost during partitions of Poland in XVIII century, and Europe was saved from the genocidal Communism. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])
Greater Poland Uprising: Military insurrection of Poles of former German Germ. Posen Provinz (Eng. Poznań province) launched against German Reich in 1918‐1919 — after the abdication on 09.11.1918 of the German Emperor William II Hohenzollern; after the armistice between the Allies and Germany signed on 11.1.1918 in the HQ wagon in Compiègne, the headquarters of Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch — which de facto meant the end of World War I — against the German Weimar Republic, established on the ruins of the German Empire, aiming to incorporate lands captured by Prussia during partitions of Poland in XVIII century into Poland. The Republic of Poland, reborn on 11.11.1918, initially formally included only the so‐called Germ. Königreich Polen (Eng. Kingdom of Poland), i.e. the territory that had been under Russian rule until 1915 and then under the control of Central States (Germany and Austria–Hungary), but did not include the Prussian partition. Started on 27.12.1918 in Poznań and ended on 16.02.1919 with the armistice pact in Trier, forced by the victorious Entente states, which included provisions ordering Germany to cease operations against Poland and, importantly, recognizing the Polish insurgent Greater Poland Army as an allied armed force of the Entente. De facto it turned out to be a Polish victory, confirmed in the main peace treaty after World War I, the Treaty of Versailles of 28.06.1919, which came into force on 10.01.1920 and in which most of the lands of the Prussian partition were recognized as Polish. Many Polish priests took part in the Uprising, both as chaplains of the insurgents units and members and leaders of the Polish agencies and councils set up in the areas covered by the Uprising. In 1939 after German invasion of Poland and start of the World War II those priests were particularly persecuted by the Germans and majority of them were murdered. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.08.14])
sources
personal:
www.wtg-gniazdo.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.opatrznosc.gda.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.13]
bibliographical:
„Martyrology of the Polish Roman Catholic clergy under nazi occupation in 1939‐1945”, Victor Jacewicz, John Woś, vol. I‐V, Warsaw Theological Academy, 1977‐1981
„Social Activist Priests in Greater Poland”, collective work, Biographical Dictionary, vol. 3 P‐S, Gniezno 2008
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