• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

personal data

review in:

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religious status

Servant of God

surname

LINOWSKA

forename(s)

Claire (pl. Klara)

function

nun

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Congregation of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul FdlCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

(i.e. Daughters of Charity)

diocese / province

Lviv archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

date and place
of death

02.02.1945

Chervonohorodn. Nyrkiv
today: Tovste hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil, Ukraine

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.22]

alt. dates and places
of death

03.02.1945, 03.03.1945

details of death

After German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and start of the World War II, after German defeat and withdrawal and start of another Russian occupation, during the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”, Chervonohrad village and monastery were attacked by Ukrainian bands of genocidal Ukrainian OUN/UPA organisations.

The houses were set on fire — Ukrainian women were roaming through the streets with torches and burning thatched roofs.

Those that attempted to run from the burning houses were shot or knifed dead, thrown into burning ambers.

Next Ukrainians attacked the monastery.

Caught the nun and her co–nun, Sr Henrietta Bronikowska, tortured.

Finally brought her out of the sacristy and fired four shots smashing her head and face.

Altogether Ukrainians murdered 49‑60 Poles.

Among the victims was local priest, Fr Stephen Jurasz.

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Ukrainians

date and place
of birth

02.10.1875

Bukwałdtoday: Dywity gm., Olsztyn pov., Warmia–Masuria voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.02.27]

alt. dates and places
of birth

1870

religious vows

1901 (temporary)

positions held

1934 – 1945

superior — Chervonohorodn. Nyrkiv
today: Tovste hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil, Ukraine

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.22]
⋄ Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC — also: nurse and educator in an orphanage (in Nyrkiv hamlet)

1932 – 1934

nun — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ St Lazarus Hospital, provincial house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

1930 – 1932

nun — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ Municipal facility for incurables and children at Zborowska Str., Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

1929 – 1930

nun — Bobrektoday: Chełmek gm., Oświęcim pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ Baby Jesus' Educational institute for abandoned children, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

1929

nun — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

till 1929

nun — Mariiampiltoday: Mariiampil hrom., Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20]
⋄ hospital, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

from 1923

nun — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ Congregation's house (at the former Reformed Franciscans' monastery by St Casimir church), Daughters of Charity FdlC — ministry as a seamstress

1921 – 1923

nun — Bilyi Kamintoday: Zolochiv urban hrom., Zolochiv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.09.31]
⋄ hospital, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC — tutor in an orphanage

till 1920

nun — LvivKulparkiv district
today: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine

more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]
⋄ State Institute for the Mentally Ill, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

nun — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ General Hospital, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

nun — Novosilkytoday: Zolochiv urban hrom., Zolochiv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.08.19]
⋄ hospital, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

nun — Burshtyntoday: Burshtyn urban hrom., Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano–Frankivsk, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.24]
⋄ hospital, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

nun — Zaliztsitoday: Zaliztsi hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.03]
⋄ hospital, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC ⋄ Ogorzelinytoday: Chojnice gm., Chojnice pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]
,

nun — Moszczanytoday: Radymno gm., Jarosław pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.08.19]
⋄ hospital and institute for the elderly, Congregation's house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

from 1901

nun — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ provincial house, Daughters of Charity FdlC

1895

accession — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ Daughters of Charity FdlC

others related
in death

BRONIKOWSKAClick to display biography Henrietta, JURASZClick to display biography Stephen

murder sites
camp 
(+ prisoner no)

«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‑1947, especially in 1943‑1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‑war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish–Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish–Ukrainian war of 1918‑1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‑1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‑called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German–Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‑1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‑South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‑Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20]
)

Ribbentrop-Molotov: Genocidal Russian–German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so–called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti–Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislaus Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German–Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian–German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic–pre–Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

sources

personal:
www.panorama.info.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23]
, nawolyniu.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06]
, newsaints.faithweb.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19]
, cracovia-leopolis.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06]
, www.zbrodniawolynska.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04]

bibliographical:
Catholic nuns — victims of crimes of Ukrainian nationalists in Lviv metropolis of the Latin rite in 1939‑1947”, Sr Agnes Michna, IPN, Warsaw, 2010
Mysterium iniquitatis. Clergy and religious of the Latin rite murdered by Ukrainian nationalists in 1939‑1945”, Fr Józef Marecki, Institute of National Remembrance IPN, Kraków 2020

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