Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
religious status
Servant of God
surname
KOGUT
forename(s)
Marianne (pl. Marianna)
religious forename(s)
Beata
function
nun
creed
Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]
congregation
Congregation of the Sisters Servants of Immaculate Virgin Mother of God Sł. BDNPmore on
www.bdnp.pl
[access: 2013.01.13]
(i.e. Sisters Servants from Dębica)
diocese / province
Lviv archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
date and place
of death
16.04.1944
Stari Petlykivtsitoday: Buchach urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]
alt. dates and places
of death
09.04.1944
details of death
After the German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and the beginning of World War II, after the German attack on 22.06.1941 on their erstwhile ally, the Russians, and the beginning of the German occupation, served in the parish village of Stari Petlykivtsi, c. 8 km north of the commune town of Buchach, on the Strypa River, a tributary of the Dniester, in the southern part of the Ternopil Voivodeship, which during the German occupation became part of the Germ. Landkreis Tschortkiw (Eng. Chortkiv County), within the Germ. Distrikt Galizien (Eng. Galicia District) of the occupation entity called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG. In 1939, the village was inhabited by c. 1,800 Poles — Roman Catholics — constituting c. 58% of population, 40% Ukrainians and several dozen Jews.
During the implementation of the genocidal Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question) plan, which in the GG was codenamed Germ. «Aktion Reinhardt» (Eng. Operation Reinhardt), in which units of the Ukrainian, collaborationist Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police) participated, operating as Germ. Schutzmannschaft (Eng. Protection Battalions), i.e. Schuma, as well as the particularly active Germ. Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst (Eng. Jewish Order Service), in 1942 deported 3,100‐4,100 Jews from Buchach and murdered them in the VL Belzec extermination camp. The remaining Jews, c. 7,000‐10,700 — from various centers of the community — were murdered after the VL Belzec ceased to operate, mainly in 1943, in the vicinity of Buchach.
And it was then, in 02 1943, that Roman Szuchewycz, nom de guerre „Taras Chuprynka”, the chief commander of the genocidal Ukrainian organization OUN/UPA, issued the order: „The extermination operation should be carried out according to the following principles: Polish villages are to be burned, and their populations massacred. Attacks on towns will take place in broad daylight, not at night. In mixed villages, the Polish population alone should be liquidated, and farmsteads should be burned only if they are 15 meters away and when there is no risk of the fire spreading to neighboring Ukrainian buildings. The Ukrainian population will receive instructions as to where to gather during the attack […] For every Ukrainian murdered, whether by Poles or Germans, 100 (one hundred) Poles will be executed”.
It was the de facto signal for the commencement of the «Genocidium Atrox» — i.e. the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”.
Immediately thereafter, in 03.1943, the UPA issued an appeal to members of the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei, to desert and join the UPA. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Ukrainians did so.
In early 1944, after the extermination of the Polish population in Volyn — amid German passivity — the genocide killer „Taras Chuprynka” Shukhevych issued an order to initiate the «Genocidium Atrox» in Eastern Galicia. To accomplish it, the euphemistically named, to mislead the Germans, Ukr. Українська Народна Самооборона (Eng. Ukrainian National Self–Defense), i.e. UNS, operating in Eastern Galicia — significantly reinforced in 1943 by deserters from the genocidal Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei — was renamed as OUN/UPA „UPA‐West” operational group. In the Ternopil Voivodeship, its command was assumed in 12.1943 by W Vasyl Sydor, nom de guerre „Shelest”, who ordered „to strike continuously at Poles until they are completely destroyed from these lands”. The Buchach region, meanwhile, fell under the control of the UPA Military District WO‐3 „Lysonya”, whose commander at that time was a certain Emilian (Omelyan) Polowy, nom de guerre „Ostap”, prob. a deserter from the 201st Schuma Battalion, infamous for its extermination operations against Jews in Belarus.
And it was during this period that attacks on Poles began in the Buchach area. I.a. on the night of 07‐08.12.1943, a group of „Banderites” — as sources call them — attacked the rectory of the Yazlovets parish, located c. 20 km south of Petlykivtsi, on the other side of Buchach, on the same river Strypa. The local parish priest, Fr Andrew Kraśnicki, was kidnapped, tortured, and murdered. A few months later, on the night of 13‐14.1944 — when a large‐scale Russian offensive, known as the Dnieper–Carpathian Operation, was approaching the southern Ternopil region, and it was becoming obvious that the Germans would soon be pushed out — the genocidal Ukrainians took advantage of the situation and attacked, i.a. on the village of Bobulyntsi, about 3 km north of Petlykivtsi. Murdered 32 Poles there, mostly women and children, as well as Fr Joseph Suszczyński, who mnistered there. The genocide was prob. committed by the Ukrainian sotnia „Сірі вовки” (pl. „Grey Wolves”), under the command of the kurenny Peter Khamchuk, nom de guerre „Bystry” (Eng. „Smart”), organized and operating at that time in the Buchach and Chortkiv regions, later famous for the murders in the area of Krystynopil near Lviv.
Barely 10 days later, on 23.03.1944, the Russians entered Buchach, and thus also her village. However, this did not last long, because on c. 07.04.1944, as a result of the German counteroffensive, the Germans recaptured Buchach.
The Ukrainian genocidal forces immediately took advantage of this, even though it was a front‐line zone and there must have been a lot of German military units in the area. On 16.04.1944, on the second Sunday of Easter, five Ukrainians — according to sources — burst into the church in Stari Petlykivtsi, during Mass.
A witness, Stephen Wiszniowski, recalled: „Suddenly, the door flew open and a man dressed in an SS uniform with a submachine gun in his hand appeared. Upon seeing us, he opened fire in our direction. Tomek [Tomasz Macyszyn, 21, died instantly] and I immediately fell to the church floor. I felt warmth from the floor beneath me; it was Tomek's blood, who showed no signs of life.
Lying on the floor, I heard the scream of a nun from the sacristy and more bursts of gunfire from a submachine gun. I raised my head and saw Sister Beata crawling through the sacristy doorway and a moment later she fell down the stairs into the church, hugged the wall, and froze”.
Among the victims were two boys, aged 13 and 15. Another nun, Kryspina Valerie Cnota, was seriously wounded and was saved by passing German soldiers who took her to a military field hospital.
The organizational affiliation of the perpetrators of the genocide is prob. impossible to determine today. The attackers mentioned in the account, dressed in „SS military uniforms”, may have been members of the Germ. Galizisches SS Freiwilligen Regiment 4 — Polizei (Eng. 4th Galician SS Volunteer Regiment — Police), part of the Germ. 14. Waffen‐Grenadier–Division der SS /ukrainische Nr. 1/ (Eng. 14th Waffen Grenadier Division /1st Ukrainian/), a collaborationist Ukrainian formation fighting alongside the Germans, although it seems that it occupied them positions c. 60 km north of Buchach at the time.
On 21.07.1944, the Russians re‐entered Buchach as part of the Lviv–Sandomierz Operation. The Russian occupation began.
On 12.10.2007, the génocidaire Roman Shukhevych was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. On 10.12.2017, on behalf of the „Coordination Council for the Commemoration of Decorated Knights of the OUN and UPA”, génocidaire Vasyl Sydor was posthumously awarded in Lviv the Silver Cross of Military Merit of the UPA, 1st Class (No. 009). In several locations, monuments and commemorative plaques have been erected to these Lat. „hostis humani generis”, the schools were named after them.
Lat. „O Tempora! O mores!”
cause of death
mass murder
perpetrators
Ukrainians
sites and events
«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, VL BelzecClick to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description
date and place
of birth
13.11.1887Birth certification on:
skanoteka.genealodzy.pl
[access: 2025.04.19]
Miechowice Wielkietoday: Wietrzychowice gm., Tarnów pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]
parents
KOGUT Peter
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?
TARCHAŁA Therese
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?
baptism
13.11.1887Birth certification on:
skanoteka.genealodzy.pl
[access: 2025.04.19]
Wietrzychowicetoday: Wietrzychowice gm., Tarnów pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01]
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC church
religious vows
12.08.1908 (temporary)
11.08.1926 (permanent)
positions held
till 1944
superior — Stari Petlykivtsitoday: Buchach urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Congregation's house, Sisters Servants from Dębica Sł. BDNP — children and elderly caretaker in an orphanage
nun — Monastyryskatoday: Monastyryska urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ Congregation's house, Sisters Servants from Dębica Sł. BDNP
nun — Dębicatoday: Dębica urban gm., Dębica pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07] ⋄ Motherhouse (at 15 Krakowska Str.), Sisters Servants from Dębica Sł. BDNP — working in a dairy
01.05.1906
accession — Dębicatoday: Dębica urban gm., Dębica pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07] ⋄ Sisters Servants from Dębica Sł. BDNP
others related
in death
KRAŚNICKIClick to display biography Andrew, SUSZCZYŃSKIClick to display biography Joseph
sites and events
descriptions
«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20])
VL Belzec: German Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. Extermination camp) VL — oficially known as SS‐Sonderkommando Belzec — operational from 03.1942 till 06.1943 n. Belzec village, c. 8 km to the south of Tomaszów Lubelski, founded as part of German „Reinhardt” program of extermination of Jewish population. Victims were mainly Polish Jews from ghettos and camps in German‐run General Governorate, mainly from Galicia, Cracow and Lublin districts; but also Austrian, Czech, German, Slovak and Hungarian Jews. The victims were murdered in stationary gas chambers with exhaust fumes. The number of exterminated is estimated to reach c. 450,000. The camp was run by c. 20. German and Austrian SS functionaries at any one time. They were supported by a company of watchmen (Germ. SS‐Wachmannschaften) — mainly former Russian POWs who switched sides, in general of Ukrainian nationality. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.02.08])
Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
sources
personal:
www.panorama.info.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], nawolyniu.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06], ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.04.02], skanoteka.genealodzy.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2025.04.19], cracovia-leopolis.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06], www.zbrodniawolynska.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04], newsaints.faithweb.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19]
bibliographical:
„A martyrology of Polish clergy under German occupation, 1939‐1945”, Fr Szołdrski Vladislaus CSSR, Rome 1965
„Catholic nuns — victims of crimes of Ukrainian nationalists in Lviv metropolis of the Latin rite in 1939‐1947”, Sr Agnes Michna, IPN, Warsaw, 2010
„Mysterium iniquitatis. Clergy and religious of the Latin rite murdered by Ukrainian nationalists in 1939‐1945”, Fr Józef Marecki, Institute of National Remembrance IPN, Kraków 2020
„Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933‐1945”, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ed. Martin Dean, volume II: „Ghettos in German–Occupied Eastern Europe”, part A
„Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm
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