function

nun

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Congregation of the Shepherdess' Sisters of Divine Providence CSDP
(i.e. Shepherd Sisters)

date and place
of death

15.10.1943

Lesznotoday: Leszno city pov., Greater Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.18]

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

NL SchmückertClick to display the description, Reichsgau WarthelandClick to display the description, VSH DembowalonkaClick to display the description, Reichsgau Danzig‐WestpreußenClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

12.08.1904

Kievtoday: Kiev city rai., Kiev city, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]

religious vows

21.11.1926 (temporary)
15.10.1943 (permanent)

positions held

others related
in death

DWULECKAClick to display biography Mary (Sr Fabiola), GRYGIERClick to display biography Anne (Sr Wunibalda), GRZANKAClick to display biography Francesca (Sr Romualda), KĄKOLEWSKAClick to display biography Wanda (Sr Veronica), LEWICKAClick to display biography Claire (Sr Cordelia), MULKOWSKAClick to display biography Josefa (Sr Vestina), OSIŃSKAClick to display biography Leocadia (Sr Radegundis), SZKUDLAREKClick to display biography Helen (Sr Hermana), GRZECHOWSKAClick to display biography Mary (Sr Sapientia), FIEREKClick to display biography Francesca (Sr Potamia), CHWOŁKAClick to display biography Hedwig (Sr Bonifacia), BŁOCIŃSKAClick to display biography Anne (Sr Iucunda), KACZMAREKClick to display biography Elisabeth (Sr Rita), ŁUCZAKClick to display biography Marianne (Sr Siriana), PIOTRZKOWSKAClick to display biography Pauline (Sr Anacleta), TUŻYNAClick to display biography Constantina (Sr Rusticula), WANIOREKClick to display biography Theodosia (Sr Flaviana), WOJCIECHOWSKAClick to display biography Theophilusa (Sr Reinharda), KŁECZEKClick to display biography (Sr Benita), ŁOPACZEWSKIClick to display biography Stanislav Kostka, NIEDŹWIEDZIŃSKIClick to display biography Ignatius, SIWECKAClick to display biography Regina Stephanie (Sr Angela), OSSOWSKAClick to display biography Ottilia (Sr Cirilla), POLITYCKAClick to display biography Mary (Sr Seraphina), WÓRÓWNAClick to display biography Catherine (Sr Zdislava), ZIEMIAŁKOWSKAClick to display biography Hedwig (Sr Dominica of the Sacred Wounds of Jesus), BĄCZKOWSKIClick to display biography Francis, BOLTClick to display biography Felix, BREJSKIClick to display biography John Casimir, CHARSZEWSKIClick to display biography Ignatius, DEKOWSKIClick to display biography Francis, GALIKOWSKIClick to display biography Roman John, GNILKAClick to display biography Pauline (Sr Junilla), JARZĘBSKIClick to display biography Stanislav, JONEKClick to display biography Martha (Sr Dygna), KOWNACKIClick to display biography Bronislav, KOWNACKIClick to display biography Martin Stanislav, KUCZAClick to display biography Francesca (Sr Gorgonya), LICZNERSKIClick to display biography Constantine, ŁĘGOWSKIClick to display biography Vladislav Leonard, RUCIŃSKIClick to display biography Francis, WILEMSKIClick to display biography Joseph Louis, ZAREMBAClick to display biography Felix

sites and events
descriptions

NL Schmückert: German concentration camp Germ. Nonnenlager (Eng. camp for nuns), set up in Bojanowo (from 1943 called formally Schmückert by the Germans, today Rawicz county), mainly for Polish nuns. Organized by the Germans in the province of Germ. Warthegau (Eng. Warta country), after the liquidation in early 1941 of c. 248 Catholic religious houses and institutions run by the Church, 30 of which were transferred directly to the German National Socialist Party, and the rest were administered by the Germ. Gauselbstverwaltung (Eng. Self–Government of the Region–Gau) GSV state institution. Therefore, initially formally called as Germ. Gauarbeitsanstalt Schmückert (Eng. Schmückert Gau employment office). On 25.02.1941 first group of 56 nuns was brought in. At the end of 1941 there were 293 prisoners held. On 11.12.1941 Germans brought in c. 40 old and sick priests, transported from KL Posen concentration camp. Altogether in 1941‐1945 615 nuns from 27 congregations were held captive in the camp. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.17], www.niedziela.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16])

Reichsgau Wartheland: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Two were added to existing German provinces. From two other separate new provinces were created. Greater Poland region was one of them, incorporated into Germany on 08.10.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), and on 24.01.1940 transformed into the Germ. Reichsgau Wartheland province, in which the law of the German state was to apply. The main axis of the policy of the new province, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact that 90% of its inhabitants were Poles, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. C. 100,000 Poles were murdered as part of the Germ. „Intelligenzaktion”, i.e. extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes. C. 630,000 were forcibly resettled to the Germ. Generalgouvernement, and their place taken by the Germans brought from other areas occupied by Germany (e.g. the Baltic countries, Bessarabia, Bukovina, etc.). Poles were forced to sign the German nationality list, the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL. As part of the policy of „Ohne Gott, ohne Religion, ohne Priesters und Sakramenten” (Eng. „No God, no religion, no priest or sacrament”) most Catholic priests were arrested and sent to concentration camps. All schools teaching in Polish, Polish libraries, theaters and museums were closed. Polish landed estates confiscated. To further reduce the number of the Polish population, Poles were sent to forced labor deep inside Germany, and the legal age of marriage for Poles was increased (25 for women, 28 for men). The German state office, Germ. Rasse‐ und Siedlungshauptamt (Eng. Main Office of Race and Settlement) RuSHA, under the majesty of German law, abducted several thousand children who met specific racial criteria from Polish families and subjected them to forced Germanization, handing them over to German families. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Arthur Karl Greiser, was executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.21])

VSH Dembowalonka: German Germ. Volksdeutscher Selbstschutzhaft (Eng. Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz custody) VSH for the clergy of Wąbrzeźno county. Established on 24‐25.09.1939, when Germans, members of the genocidal paramilitary Germ. Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz formation — the decision to create Selbstschutz in the Polish lands occupied by German troops was made in Berlin on September 08‐10.09.1939 at a conference headed by Reichsführer‐SS Heinrich Himmler (the formal order bears the date 20.09.1939), and the chaotically formed units were directly subordinated to the officers of the genocidal SS organization ‐ in the Shepherd Sisters CSDP monastery–institute in Dębowa Łąka, c. 10 km from Wąbrzeźno, interned 30 Catholic priests from nearby parishes (on the same day, the Germans destroyed all roadside statues and crosses in Wąbrzeźno district). As part of the «Intelligenzaktion» operation — the extermination of the Polish intelligentsia (in Kurkocin, c. 4 km away, the Germans murdered then c. 500 Poles) — they were detained there till 06.12.1939, and then transported to another camp in Chełmno and next to KL Stutthof concentration camp. After the end of hostilities of World War II, in the years 1954‐1957, during the Russian occupation, one of the concentration and slave labor camps organized by Commie‐Nazi authorities in Russian republic prl for religious sisters and nuns during «Action X‐2». (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31])

Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Two were added to existing German provinces. From two other separate new provinces were created. Vistula Pomerania region was one of them, incorporated into Germany on 08.10.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), and on 02.11.1939 transformed into the Germ. Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen (Eng. Reich District of Gdańsk‐West Prussia) province, in which the law of the German state was to apply. The main axis of the policy of the new province, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact that 85% of its inhabitants were Poles, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. C. 60,000 Poles were murdered in 1939‐1940, as part of the Germ. „Intelligenzaktion”, i.e. extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes, in c. 432 places of mass executions — including c. 220 Polish Catholic priests. The same number were sent to German concentration camps, from where few returned (over 300 priests were arrested, of whom c. 130 died in concentration camps). C. 124,000‐170,000 were displaced, including c. 90,000 to the Germ. Generalgouvernement. Poles were forced en masse to sign the German nationality list, the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL. Polish children could only learn in German. It was forbidden to use the Polish language during Catholic Holy Masses and during confession. Polish landed estates were confiscated..To further reduce the number of the Polish population, Poles were sent to forced labor deep inside Germany. The remaining Poles were treated as low‐skilled labor, isolated from the Germans and strictly controlled — legally, three or three of them could only meet together, even in their own apartments. Many were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht army. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Albert Maria Forster, was executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.24])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

bibliographical:
„Archives of Congregation of the Shepherdess' Sisters of Divine Providence CSDP”, thanks to Sr Flavia Paciorek CSDP (private correspondence, 24.03.2023)
„Martyrology of the Polish Roman Catholic clergy under nazi occupation in 1939‐1945”, Victor Jacewicz, John Woś, vol. I‐V, Warsaw Theological Academy, 1977‐1981
„A martyrology of Polish clergy under German occupation, 1939‐1945”, Fr Szołdrski Vladislaus CSSR, Rome 1965
original images:
billiongraves.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.04.16]