• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

personal data

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religious status

Servant of God

surname

TRUDZIŃSKA

forename(s)

Louise (pl. Ludwika)

function

nun

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Congregation of Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFMmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

(i.e. Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary)

diocese / province

Lviv archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

date and place
of death

03.11.1944

DEATH symbol

Tseperivtoday: Novyi Yarychiv hrom., Ternopil rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]

alt. dates and places
of death

03.12.1944

details of death

From 1939 served in the small village of Tseperiv, c. 25 km north–east of Lviv, in 1939 part of the Lviv county of the Polish Lviv voivodeship. The village was inhabited by an estimated 800 people, of whom c. 35% were Roman Catholic Poles and c. 63% Greek Catholic Ukrainians. Most of the Poles prob. lived in the colony called „Edwardówka” which was part of the village. Perhaps a few Jews also lived in Tseperiv. The nuns of the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM had their Congregation house there — 3 nuns resided there — and they prob. ran a village school and cared for the sick. There was a Greek Catholic parish church in the village. The Roman Catholics belonged to the parish in Kukeziv, c. 3 km to the west, which in 1939 had an estimated population of c. 950 people, of whom Polish Roman Catholics constituted c. 40%, Greek Catholic Ukrainians c. 55%, and Jews c. 4%.

After the German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and the start of World War II, Ukrainians in Tseperiv revealed anti‐Polish resentment. One witness recalled: „In the village of Tseperiv, the priest in the church in his sermons encouraged Ukrainians to fight against the Poles. His two sons, studying in Berlin, conducted regular training exercises with young boys from the village. In the village pasture, commands were shouted in Ukrainian, and brave boys were cheerfully brandishing sticks instead of rifles. The patriotic spirit had long been awakened among the former Ruthenians”. The Greek Catholic parish priest in Tseperiv at that time was Fr Volodymyr Winnicki.

Under the genocidal German–Russian agreement of 23.08.1939, known as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, confirmed on 28.09.1939 by the so‐called „Treaty on the Borders and Friendship between Germany and Russia”, also known as the second Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, his parish, after Poland's defeat, found itself in the territory granted by the allies to Russia. The Russian occupation began. The Russians subjected Poles in particular to repression, arresting Polish intelligentsia, teachers, doctors, landowners, government officials, foresters, policemen, and families of Polish military personnel. Many other Poles became victims of four large waves of deportations „to Siberia”. The first one, on February 10, 1940, was particularly dramatic. Accounts often mention that „they came at night, without warning, and took away entire families, from infants to the elderly”. „When we went out into the yard, they allowed my mother to look into the chest — unfortunately, it was empty, because our neighbors had already emptied it. We took practically nothing with us, because they did not allow us to move around the house […] There were large snowdrifts and heavy frost”. It is known that it also affected an unknown number of Poles from Tseperiv. In addition, 150,000–200,000 men were conscripted into the Russian army, and c. 100,000 were forced to work for Russian industry, mainly in the mines of the Donets Basin, in heavy industry plants in the Urals and in Siberia. Then the surveillance of priests and monks began. High taxes were imposed on the clergy, and religious education was removed from schools.

After the German attack on 22.06.1941, on their erstwhile ally, the Russians, and the German occupation of all of Galicia, including Lviv, Tseperiv became part of the Germ. Kreishauptmannschaft Lemberg (Eng. Lviv County), which became part of the Germ. Distrikt Galizien (Eng. District of Galicia), a German‐occupied and run quasi‐state called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG. The persecution of Jews began. The local center of the implementation of German policy towards Jews was Novyi Yarychiv, c. 4 km to the south, where, according to Jewish sources, in 1939 there were — including Jews who had fled from the territories occupied by the Germans — c. 2,120 Jews, i.e. prob. 65% of the town's population at that time. Right at the beginning of the German occupation, local Ukrainians carried out a pogrom against Jews, accusing them — in many cases prob. justifiably — of collaborating with the Russian occupier. 14 Jews were murdered, and the murder and robbery were allegedly instigated in particular by a „Ukrainian Orthodox priest” (actually a Greek Catholic priest). Shortly thereafter, Ukrainians took part in the burning of the local synagogue. The Germans took advantage of the aforementioned revealed anti‐Polish and anti‐Jewish resentments. After the establishment — on German orders — of the Germ. Judenrat (Eng. Jewish Council) and its subordinate Germ. Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst (Eng. Jewish Order Police), a German gendarmerie post and a unit of the collaborative Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police Police), in some regions also referred to as the Germ. Schutzmannschaft (Eng. Protection Battalions), i.e. Schuma, were also established in the town. And from 25.10.1941, the German „Law on Restriction of Residence” in the GG, signed by the Germ. Generalgouverneur (Eng. General Governor) of the GG, Hans Frank, came into force, according to which „Jews who leave their assigned district without authorization are subject to the death penalty. The same punishment is imposed on persons who knowingly provide such Jews with a hiding place”, and „instigators and accomplices are subject to the same punishment as the perpetrator; an attempted act will be punished as a completed act. In less serious cases, heavy imprisonment or imprisonment may be imposed”. From then on, the Germ. Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst kept order within Jewish society, while the Germ. Ukrainian Hilfspolizei isolated it from the rest of the world.

At the turn of 1941/1942, the Germans began implementing the German plan Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question), which in the GG was carried out under the codename Germ. «Aktion Reinhardt» (Eng. Operation Reinhardt). In Novyi Yarychiv, members of the collaborative Germ. Ukrainian Hilfspolizei took an active part in it. Initially, Jews able to work were sent to slave labor camps scattered around the area. But prob. in 03.1942, the elderly were deported from the town and transported to the Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. extermination camp) VL Belzec, where they were all murdered. In 12.1942, a ghetto was established, guarded by the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei. Jews from the surrounding villages, including Kukeziv and prob. Tseperiv (if there were still any there). C. 2,500 Jews were locked in the ghetto. And already on 15‐16.01.1943, the Germans, with the support of the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei, driven c. 1,750 Jews to a nearby for a forest and murdered them. Then they murdered another 1,000 in the Jewish cemetery. Over the next few days, c. 40 Ukrainians combed the ghetto area looking for those in hiding, who were then murdered in the cemetery when discovered. The Germans could proudly report that the town was Germ. „Judenrein” (Eng. „free of Jews”).

Soon afterward, in 02.1943, in Volyn, c. 100 km to the north, Roman Shukhevych, nom de guerre „Taras Chuprynka”, the chief commander of the Ukrainian, genocidal OUN/UPA organisation, who in 1941 was a member of the Ukrainian Germ. Sondergruppe Nachtigall (Eng. Special Group Nightingale) — a unit of the Germ. Wehrmacht (Eng. Armed Forces) that took part in the German attack on Russians in 1941, accused of participating in the Jewish pogrom in Lviv in 1941 — and later a member of the Germ. Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 201 (Eng. 201st Protection team Battalion) — responsible for the murder of Jews and civilians in the territory of Belarus — issued an order: „The extermination operation should be carried out according to the following principles: Polish villages are to be burned, and their populations massacred. Attacks on towns will take place in broad daylight, not at night. In mixed villages, the Polish population alone should be liquidated, and farmsteads should be burned only if they are 15 meters away and when there is no risk of the fire spreading to neighboring Ukrainian buildings. The Ukrainian population will receive instructions as to where to gather during the attack […] For every Ukrainian murdered, whether by Poles or Germans, 100 (one hundred) Poles will be executed”.

It was the de facto signal for the commencement of the «Genocidium Atrox» — i.e. the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”.

Immediately thereafter, in 03.1943, the UPA issued an appeal to members of the Germ. Ukrainische to desert and join the UPA ranks. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Ukrainians did so.

Volyn was drenched in Polish blood. Tens of thousands of Poles were murdered by the Ukrainians — with German passivity — in an extremely barbaric manner. Hundreds of villages were burned.

When, at the turn of 1943/1944, it became clear that the Germans were losing the war in the east — on 24.12.1943, a major Russian offensive began, known as the Dnieper–Carpathian Operation, which rapidly began to shift the battlefront of the German–Russian fighting, e.g. towards Lviv — the OUN/UPA decided to extend the «Genocidium Atrox» to the Germ. Distrikt Galizien. Until then, the groups operating there were mainly — in order not to „annoy” the Germans — operating under the euphemistic name of Ukr. Українська Народна Самооборона (Eng. Ukrainian National Self‐Defense), i.e. UNS, and later also Ukr. Самооборонні кущові відділи (Eng. Self‐Defense Unit), i.e. SKW, reinforced by deserters from the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei, seasoned in the genocide of Jews. The Ukrainian génocidaires then formed, i.a., the OUN/UPA operational group „UPA‐West”, under the command of Vasyl Sydor, nom de guerre „Shelest” — a degenerate with a similar career path as his superior, the aforementioned génocidaire, Roman Shukhevych, i.e. from the Germ. Sondergruppe Nachtigall, through the Germ. Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 201, where they gained experience in the extermination of Jews — who ordered „to constantly strike at Poles until they are exterminated to the last one from these lands”.

And in accordance with the order, in the vicinity of Novyi Yarychiv, including her village Tseperiv, units of the Military District WO‐2 „Bug”, which was part of the OUN/UPA operational group „UPA‐West”, together with local SKW gangs, began attacks on Poles. The local OUN/UPA commanders then concluded agreements with the Germans, who were preparing for the arrival of the Russians — in exchange for information on the movements of Russian and Polish partisans, they received a guarantee of neutrality towards their genocidal actions. And so, in 02‐06.1944, the Ukrainian génocidaires kidnapped and murdered at least 7 Poles in Tseperiv; 9 Poles, including a family of 5, in Kukeziv; and on the attack in the nearby village of Tsepukhy on 27‐29.01.1944, the witness reported as follows: „At dawn […], a Ukrainian friend came for him [was 20‐year‐old] […] But this time the "friend" took him to the house […], where the bandits were waiting […] During the day, other inhabitants of the settlement were brought there, arrested on the way to the station […] They were held until the evening, when they were led out of the farmyard into the forest. The boy was shot immediately, the others had to dig holes, they were ordered to strip naked and shot at. Those lying there were finished off with hatchets and pushed into prepared holes […] 7 people were murdered: 5 Poles and 2 French settlers”.

In the meantime, on 06.04.1944, the chief of staff of the aforementioned Military District WO‐2 „Bug”, the génocidaire Miroslav Onyshkevych, nom de guerre „Orest”, specified the tasks of the OUN/UPA: „I order the immediate purging of my region of the Polish element […] The purging should be carried out in the sparsely populated by Poles stations. For this purpose, create a militia in the region, composed of our members, whose task would be to eliminate the above‐mentioned. Our larger villages will be cleared of this element by our military units even in broad daylight […] The clearing of the area must be completed before our Easter, so that we can celebrate it without Poles […] Wage a hard, ruthless fight against them. Spare no one, even in the case of mixed marriages. Pull the Poles out of their homes, but do not eliminate the Ukrainians and children in these houses […] Take out their weapons. Death to the Poles”.

The situation changed when another Russian offensive, known as the Lviv–Sandomierz Operation, began on 13.07.1944. On c. 26‐28.07.1944, the Russians entered Tseperiv. Another Russian occupation was beginning.

By then, she was the only nun of her Congregation in Tseperiv. The remaining two, faced with the threat of Ukrainian genocide and the approaching front, left the village and moved to Lviv.

And then she was murdered.

The date of her death is unclear. Her Congregation's personal file contains an entry recording the death on 03.11.1944, while the chronicle of the Congregation's Lviv province states the night of 02‐03.12.1944.

The circumstances of her death are equally unclear. All accounts, slightly divergent, come from accounts by local residents, submitted to the Congregation after the end of World War II.

One of her co‐nuns left an account: „On the evening of November 3, 1944, she was spotted in the cottage of a peasant woman named Hirna in Tseperiv, from where she was dragged out into the yard and strangled. The Hirna family was also murdered for accepting a Polish woman, a very inconvenient witness for them”.

The aforementioned provincial chronicle, however, contains a note: „Only one sister, Louise Trudzińska, remained in Tseperiv until 1944. In the first days of December, from the 2nd to the 3rd, she went to the countryside to visit the sick. When she was returning from her service, Ukrainians attacked her and murdered her by slitting her throat”.

According to yet another version: „that very night, Ukrainians attacked the house [of the Kołaczkowski family, a Pole married to a Ukrainian woman], murdered the entire family, and strangled the nun with a rope, dragged her to the nuns" house, abandoned her on the doorstep, where she lay unburied for several days, because none of the Poles could get there. Later, some kind soul buried her, but where and by whom — it is unknown. That is how Sister Trudzińska lost her life at the work station”.

Yet another account refers to the events in Tseperiv. A witness recounted: „In Kukeziv, there were Marian nuns who ran a kindergarten, where I went to play during the holidays. Back then, it was called an orphanage. Near Kukeziv was the village of Tseperiv. In Tseperiv, there was also a convent, a branch of the Marian nuns. Two Marian nuns were drowned in a well there”. It is unknown who the second nun was.

All accounts have one common denominator: she was murdered by Ukrainian génocidaires. Perhaps it was some unit of the OUN/UPA, perhaps the SKW, or perhaps the murder was committed by agents of the ukr. Служба Безпеки (Eng. Security Services), i.e. SB OUN, whose task was to track down political and ideological opponents of the OUN. SB OUN was established in 1940, under the watchful care of the Germans. SB OUN training was conducted, among others, in Zakopane, at the „Stamary” hotel. According to the contemporary website of this hotel, „the training included the principles of sabotage, sabotage, Gestapo methods of interrogation and methods of killing”. All these undertakings were supervised by the Germ. Geheime Staatspolizei (Eng. Secret State Police), i.e. the Gestapo, which had its headquarters in the „Palace” villa, where Polish patriots were murdered. This happened at the same time, when on subsequent so‐called thematic conferences, the German Gestapo and the Russian Rus. Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел (Eng. People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs), i.e. NKVD, two genocidal allied organizations, debated on cooperation and ways of combating and exterminating the Poles in the territories they occupied. The third of them took place on 20.02.1940, in Zakopane, in the villas Pl. „Pan Tadeusz” (Eng. „Sir Thaddeus”) and „Telimena”, perhaps at the same time when the SB OUN, alongside the Gestapo, was undergoing training in how to murder its opponents.

On 12.10.2007, the génocidaire Roman Shukhevych was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. And on 10.12.2017, on behalf of the „Coordination Council for the Commemoration of Decorated Knights of the OUN and UPA”, génocidaire Vasyl Sydor was posthumously awarded in Lviv the Silver Cross of Military Merit of the UPA, 1st Class (No. 009). In several locations, monuments and commemorative plaques have been erected to these Lat. „hostis humani generis”, the schools were named after them.

Lat. „O Tempora! O mores!

cause of death

murder

perpetrators

Ukrainians

sites and events

«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

1903

BIRTH symbol

religious vows

1927 (temporary)
1933 (permanent)

positions held

1939 – 1944

superior — Tseperivtoday: Novyi Yarychiv hrom., Ternopil rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]
⋄ Congregation's house, Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM — nurse and carer of the sick

nun — Kolomyiatoday: Kolomyia rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
⋄ Congregation's house, Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM — service in a nursery for pre–school children

from 1930

nun — Tseperivtoday: Novyi Yarychiv hrom., Ternopil rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]
⋄ Congregation's house, Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM — service in the Congregation house's farm and garden

nun — Samogoszcztoday: Maciejowice gm., Garwolin pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]
⋄ Congregation's house, Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM — service at a Congregation house's farm and in nursing

1926 – 1927

novitiate — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ General House, Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM

1924 – 1926

postulate — Tseperivtoday: Novyi Yarychiv hrom., Ternopil rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]
⋄ Congregation's house, Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM

1924

accession — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary CSFFM

sites and events
descriptions

«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20]
)

Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13]
)

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

sources

personal:
cracovia-leopolis.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06]
, www.kresykedzierzynkozle.home.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.13]
, www.mojewojennedziecinstwo.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.08.19]
, opus.us.edu.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2026.07.13]

bibliographical:
Catholic nuns — victims of crimes of Ukrainian nationalists in Lviv metropolis of the Latin rite in 1939‐1947”, Sr Agnes Michna, IPN, Warsaw, 2010
Mysterium iniquitatis. Clergy and religious of the Latin rite murdered by Ukrainian nationalists in 1939‐1945”, Fr Józef Marecki, Institute of National Remembrance IPN, Kraków 2020
Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933‐1945”, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ed. Martin Dean, volume II: „Ghettos in German–Occupied Eastern Europe”, part A
Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm

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