Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
surname
TOKARZEWSKI
forename(s)
Marian
function
diocesan priest
creed
Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]
diocese / province
Lutsk diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
Kamianets diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.23]
Lutsk‐Zhytomyr diocese (aeque principaliter)more on
www.catholic-hierarchy.org
[access: 2021.12.19]
RC Military Ordinariate of Polandmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]
honorary titles
protonotary apostolicmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.22]
Papal chamberlainmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.22]
Officer's Cross „Polonia Restituta”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
„Cross of Independence”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.02.02]
2 × „Cross of Valour”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
honorary canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14] (Łuck cathedralmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14])
date and place
of death
01.04.1941
on Lutsk ‐ Kiev roadtoday: Ukraine
details of death
In c. 1902 resided for the first time in a monastery in Iziaslav, where the Russian tsarist authorities held interned „unreasonable” Catholic priests.
Altogether 6 times sentences by Tsarist Russians for isolation, in the breaks between 24 places of ministry, where he was constantly transferred, during the first 20 years of his priestly ministry.
In 1909 sentenced by the Russians to 5 years isolation — again in the Zaslav monastery. In 1913 deported from Zhytomyr diocese.
Himself being an exile during World War I ministered to Polish exiles and refugees in Russia: in Yaroslav on Volga, Kostrom, Vologda, and next in Tashkent in Turkestan.
In 1917 returned to Podolya, to Kamyenyets diocese.
Twice sentenced to death by the Russians–Bolsheviks and twice released thanks to his Bar parishioners interventions.
During 1918‐1920 helped Jewish families persecuted by the Ukrainians.
Collaborated with Polish independence clandestine organizations, with Polish Military Organisation POW among them.
In 1920 during Polish–Russian war of 1919‐1921 moved to Warsaw (reach the capital of Poland on 29.06.1920) where on 05.07.1920 became Polish Army chaplain.
During decisive battle of the War, the Battle of Warsaw on c. 15.08.1920 (known also as „Miracle on Vistula”) was the chaplain of Warsaw garrison in Łazienki Warsaw's central district.
As a result of military coup in 1926 (on 14.05.1926, at the height of Joseph Piłsudski's coup, was a messenger of President Stanislav Wojciechowski to the Speaker of the Sejm, Matthew Rataj, with a letter summoning the Speaker to a decisive meeting, after which the defeated president resigned from office) resigned in 1927 from post of chaplain to Polish Supreme Leader and President of Poland.
After German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and start of the World War II, after start of Russian occupation, arrested by Russians on 28/29.06.1940, together with Fr Vladislav Szpaczyński, among others.
Jailed in Kovel prison.
Next moved to Lutsk prison — for 42 days kept in a cell with a standing water on the floor.
On 01‐02.11.1940 in a group trial of 35 Poles sentenced to death, changed to 10 years of slave labour in concentration camps — Gulag.
After the verdict was announced, reportedly said: „You judged me because I am a Catholic priest and a Pole. I thank the prosecutor for accusing me. I thank the defense attorney for defending me. I thank the judge for sentencing me to death”.
Refused to sign a clemency petition.
Prob. on 01.04.1941 transported from Lutsk to Kiev prison.
Unconfirmed report exists that perished during the transport, pushed by a guard into a pit filled in with calcium — as a prisoner unable to walk any further.
cause of death
mass murder
perpetrators
Russians
sites and events
LutskClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description, Trial of 01‐02.11.1940Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921Click to display the description
date and place
of birth
21.02.1874
Shypynkytoday: Kopaihorod hrom., Zhmerynka rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
alt. dates and places
of birth
15.02.1874, 02.02.1873
presbyter (holy orders)
ordination
1896
positions held
1935 – 1940
dean — Koveltoday: Kovel urban hrom., Kovel rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.19] RC deanery
1931 – 1940
parish priest — Koveltoday: Kovel urban hrom., Kovel rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.19] ⋄ St Anne RC parish ⋄ Koveltoday: Kovel urban hrom., Kovel rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.19] RC deanery
1930 – 1931
lecturer — Lutsktoday: Lutsk city rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ homiletics, pastoral theology, Theological Seminary
c. 1929 – 1930
parish priest — Nowy Dwór Mazowieckitoday: Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki urban gm., Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18] ⋄ RC parish
1926 – 1929
dean — Grodzisktoday: from 1928 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Grodzisk Mazowiecki gm., Grodzisk Mazowiecki pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01] RC deanery
1926 – 1929
parish priest — Grodzisktoday: from 1928 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Grodzisk Mazowiecki gm., Grodzisk Mazowiecki pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01] ⋄ St Anne the mother of Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Grodzisktoday: from 1928 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Grodzisk Mazowiecki gm., Grodzisk Mazowiecki pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01] RC deanery
from 1927
RC military dean — corps of professional chaplains, Polish Armed Forces — retired (decommissioned)
1926 – 1927
chaplain — to Ignatius Mościcki, the President of the Republic of Poland
1924 – 1926
chaplain — to Stanislav Wojciechowski, the President of the Republic of Poland
08.11.1920 – 1923
chaplain — Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] ⋄ to Joseph Piłsudski, Chief of State and Commander–in–Chief — by decree of the Chief of State of 03.05.1922, confirmed with seniority from 01.06.1919 and 8th place on the list of Roman Catholic senior military chaplains, in the rank of major; by decree No. L. 3448 of the Commander‐in‐Chief of 16.12.1921, verified with seniority from 01.04.1920 and 2nd place on the list of Roman Catholic military deans, in the rank of colonel
08.10.1920 – 1921
RC military chaplain — Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] ⋄ General District OG „Warsaw”, Polish Armed Forces — deputy dean; by L. 2683 decree of the Commander‐in‐Chief of 14.04.1921, at the request of the Bishop's Curia of the Polish Army, demobilised from the Polish Army
from 13.08.1920
RC military chaplain — Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09] ⋄ Łazienki Barracks of the Warsaw Garrison, General District OG „Warsaw”, Polish Armed Forces
1920
RC military chaplain — Modlintoday: part of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki urban gm., Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18] ⋄ Naval Base, Navy, Polish Armed Forces — permanent
from 05.07.1920
RC military chaplain — Toruńtoday: Toruń city pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.20] ⋄ cadre, Navy, Polish Armed Forces
c. 1917 – c. 1920
parish priest — Bartoday: Bar urban hrom., Zhmerynka rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ St Nicholas the Bishop and Confessor RC parish ⋄ Mohyliv‐Podilskyitoday: Mohyliv‐Podilskyi urban hrom., Mohyliv‐Podilskyi rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
1917
chaplain — Tashkenttoday: Tashkent reg., Uzbekistan
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.11.24] — among Polish exiles and deportees
c. 1913 – c. 1917
resident — Vologdatoday: Vologda city reg., Vologda oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05] ⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC parish — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities; also: chaplain among Polish exiles and refugees (after 1915 — so‐called bezhenstvo)
c. 1913 – c. 1917
resident — Kostromatoday: Kostroma oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05] — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities; also: chaplain among Polish exiles and refugees (after 1915 — so‐called bezhenstvo)
c. 1913 – c. 1917
resident — Yaroslavltoday: Yaroslavl oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.22] — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities; also: chaplain among Polish exiles and refugees (after 1915 — so‐called bezhenstvo)
1909 – 1913
resident — Zaslavtoday: Iziaslav urban hrom., Shepetivka rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ monastery, Franciscans OFM (St Bernard Friars) — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities
priest — Zhytomyrtoday: Zhytomyr urban hrom., Zhytomyr rai., Zhytomyr obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ St Sophie RC cathedral parish ⋄ Zhytomyrtoday: Zhytomyr urban hrom., Zhytomyr rai., Zhytomyr obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
priest — Pykivtoday: Pykiv hrom., Khmilnyk rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Holy Trinity RC parish ⋄ Vinnytsiatoday: Vinnytsia urban hrom., Vinnytsia rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
priest — Rozhyschetoday: Rozhysche hrom., Lutsk rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26] ⋄ RC chapel ⋄ Vyshenkytoday: Nosachevychi hrom., Lutsk rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02], Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Lutsktoday: Lutsk city rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
c. 1907 – c. 1908
administrator — Sokiltoday: Sokul hrom., Lutsk rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.05] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Lutsktoday: Lutsk city rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
1907
administrator — Vyshenkytoday: Nosachevychi hrom., Lutsk rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Lutsktoday: Lutsk city rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery — acting („ad interim”)
priest — Ludwipoltoday: Sosnove, Sosnove hrom., Rivne rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09] ⋄ Sacred Heart of Jesus RC parish ⋄ Koretstoday: Korets urban hrom., Rivne rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.19] RC deanery
c. 1905 – c. 1906
administrator — Nevirkivtoday: Velyki Mezhyrichi hrom., Rivne rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Holy Trinity RC parish ⋄ Novohrad‐Volynskyitoday: Zviahel, Zviahel urban hrom., Zviahel rai., Zhytomyr obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.27] RC deanery
priest — Shulyakytoday: Zhashkiv hrom., Uman rai., Cherkasy obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.03.15] ⋄ RC chapel ⋄ Pyatyhorytoday: Tetiiv hrom., Bila Tserkva rai., Kiev obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02], St Vincent Ferrer RC parish ⋄ Umantoday: Uman urban hrom., Uman rai., Cherkasy obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
priest — Pyatyhorytoday: Tetiiv hrom., Bila Tserkva rai., Kiev obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ St Vincent Ferrer RC parish ⋄ Umantoday: Uman urban hrom., Uman rai., Cherkasy obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
resident — Zaslavtoday: Iziaslav urban hrom., Shepetivka rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ monastery, Franciscans OFM (St Bernard Friars) — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities
priest — Fastivform.: Chvastiv
today: Fastiv urban hrom., Fastiv rai., Kiev obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.27] ⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC parish ⋄ Kievtoday: Kiev city rai., Kiev city obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] RC deanery
resident — Zaslavtoday: Iziaslav urban hrom., Shepetivka rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ monastery, Franciscans OFM (St Bernard Friars) — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities
priest — Skirchetoday: Skirche hrom., Lutsk rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.05] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Lutsktoday: Lutsk city rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
priest — Nesvichtoday: Horodyshche hrom., Lutsk rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ St Matthew the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Lutsktoday: Lutsk city rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
resident — Zaslavtoday: Iziaslav urban hrom., Shepetivka rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ monastery, Franciscans OFM (St Bernard Friars) — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities
priest — Fastivform.: Chvastiv
today: Fastiv urban hrom., Fastiv rai., Kiev obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.27] ⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC parish ⋄ Kievtoday: Kiev city rai., Kiev city obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] RC deanery
c. 1904
resident — Zaslavtoday: Iziaslav urban hrom., Shepetivka rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ monastery, Franciscans OFM (St Bernard Friars) — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities
priest — Antoninytoday: Antoniny hrom., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.03.15] ⋄ RC chapel ⋄ Kulchynytoday: Krasyliv urban hrom., Krasyliv rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02], St Bartholomew the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Starokostiantynivtoday: Starokostiantyniv urban hrom., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
c. 1902
resident — Zaslavtoday: Iziaslav urban hrom., Shepetivka rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ monastery, Franciscans OFM (St Bernard Friars) — penal exile by the Tsarist authorities
priest — Zhvanchiktoday: Velikyi Zhvanchik, Dunaivtsi urban hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Ushytsiadeanery name
today: Stara Ushytsia, Stara Ushytsia hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
priest — Mynkivtsitoday: Dunaivtsi urban hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ RC parish ⋄ Kamyanets‐Podilskyitoday: Kamyanets‐Podilskyi urban hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
c. 1900
administrator — Smotrychtoday: Smotrych hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ St Nicholas the Bishop and Confessor RC parish (main parish) ⋄ Kamyanets‐Podilskyitoday: Kamyanets‐Podilskyi urban hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
priest — Pidlisnyi Mukarivtoday: Dunaivtsi hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ St Joseph Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Ushytsiadeanery name
today: Stara Ushytsia, Stara Ushytsia hrom., Kamyanets‐Podilskyi rai., Proskuriv/Khmelnytskyi obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
priest — Chernivtsialso: Cherniyvtsi
today: Chernivtsi hrom., Mohyliv‐Podilskyi rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ St Nicholas the Bishop and Confessor RC parish ⋄ Yampiltoday: Yampil urban hrom., Mohyliv‐Podilskyi rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
c. 1899
vicar — Sharhorodtoday: Sharhorod urban hrom., Zhmerynka rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ St Florian the Martyr RC parish ⋄ Mohyliv‐Podilskyitoday: Mohyliv‐Podilskyi urban hrom., Mohyliv‐Podilskyi rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
vicar — Bratslavtoday: Bratslav hrom., Tulchyn rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ Our Lady of Mount Carmel RC parish ⋄ Haisyn‐Bratslav / Bratslavdeanery names/seats
today: Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine RC deanery
vicar — Luchynets'form.: Luchyntsy
today: Vendychany hrom., Mohyliv‐Podilskyi rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Mohyliv‐Podilskyitoday: Mohyliv‐Podilskyi urban hrom., Mohyliv‐Podilskyi rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
vicar — Kopaihorodtoday: Kopaihorod hrom., Zhmerynka rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Mohyliv‐Podilskyitoday: Mohyliv‐Podilskyi urban hrom., Mohyliv‐Podilskyi rai., Vinnytsia obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] RC deanery
till 1896
student — Zhytomyrtoday: Zhytomyr urban hrom., Zhytomyr rai., Zhytomyr obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Theological Seminary
author of books and studies, including: „A contribution to the history of martyrdom of the Roman Catholic Church in the dioceses of Kamyanets and Lutsk–Zhytomyr (1863‐1930)”, Lutsk 1931; „What did the Grodzisk parishioners do for their church in 1927”, Grodzisk Mazowiecki 1928; „Gather up the pieces so that they do not perish”, prob. Warsaw 1925; „Vanguard (from memories and notes)”, Warsaw; „From the monastic chronicles of the Bernardine Fathers church and monastery in Izaslav in Volyn”, Warsaw 1913
others related
in death
CZURKOClick to display biography Joseph Casimir, GALICKIClick to display biography Bronislav, RUTKOWSKIClick to display biography Francis, SZPACZYŃSKIClick to display biography Vladislav
sites and events
descriptions
Lutsk: Prison run in 1939‐1941 by the Russians. After German attack in 06.1941 Russians murdered there approx. 2,000 prisoners. Again used by the Russians after 1944. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2017.03.11])
Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])
Trial of 01‐02.11.1940: On 01—02.11.1940 (according to other sources on 31.10.1940 or 09.11.1940) 35 Poles were sentenced to death by Rosjan in group trial in Lutsk for „active and insidious anti‐Soviet activity, forming a [clandestine] organization and forging a conspiracy to forcibly detach of Volyn from [Russia]”. Among them were at least 6 Catholic priests. At least one of them prob. had a sentence commuted to slave labour in Russian concentration camps Gulag — perished during the transport to the camps. Prob. four were murdered by Russians during genocide massacre of c. 2,000 Lutsk prisoners after German attack of Russians in 06.1941. One survived under a pile of slaughtered lifeless bodies… (more on: katolicy1844.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921: War for independence of Poland and its borders. Poland regained independence in 1918 but had to fight for its borders with former imperial powers, in particular Russia. Russia planned to incite Bolshevik‐like revolutions in the Western Europe and thus invaded Poland. Russian invaders were defeated in 08.1920 in a battle called Warsaw battle („Vistula river miracle”, one of the 10 most important battles in history, according to some historians). Thanks to this victory Poland recaptured part of the lands lost during partitions of Poland in XVIII century, and Europe was saved from the genocidal Communism. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])
sources
personal:
www.kul.lublin.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.klub-generalagrota.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06], bazhum.muzhp.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.03.15], mbc.malopolska.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.03.15], www.katolicy.euClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], wolynskislownikbiograficzny.blox.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09]
bibliographical:
„Register of Latin rite Lviv metropolis clergy’s losses in 1939‐45”, Józef Krętosz, Maria Pawłowiczowa, editors, Opole, 2005
„Biographical lexicon of Lviv Roman Catholic Metropoly clergy victims of the II World War 1939‐1945”, Mary Pawłowiczowa (ed.), Fr Joseph Krętosz (ed.), Holy Cross Publishing, Opole, 2007
„Lexicon of Polish clergy repressed in USSR in 1939‐1988”, Roman Dzwonkowski, SAC, ed. Science Society KUL, 2003, Lublin
„Fate of the Catholic clergy in USSR 1917‐1939. Martyrology”, Roman Dzwonkowski, SAC, ed. Science Society KUL, 2003, Lublin
„Parish priest of Lutsk–Żhytomyr 1801‐1920 and Kamyanets–Podilskyi 1869‐1919 dioceses”, Fr Waldemar Witold Żurek SDB, Lublin 2023
original images:
wolynskislownikbiograficzny.blox.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09], www.youtube.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13], www.youtube.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13], www.parafia-przemienienia-grodzisk.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]
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