Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
surname
PAWŁOWICZ
forename(s)
Adelaide (pl. Adelajda)
religious forename(s)
Mary Augustina (pl. Maria Augustyna)
function
nun
creed
Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]
congregation
Congregation of the Sisters of st Joseph Blessed Virgin Mary's Bridgroom CSSJmore on
www.jozefitki.pl
[access: 2012.11.23]
(i.e. St Joseph Sisters)
diocese / province
Lviv archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
date and place
of death
20.12.1944
Dolynatoday: Dolyna urban hrom., Kalush rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20]
alt. dates and places
of death
29.12.1944
details of death
It is not clear when began her ministry in Dolyna — in 1939, the St Joseph Sisters CSSJ had their own house there and served in the local general hospital and ran an orphanage. This likely happened after the German and Russian attack on Poland in 09.1939 and the start of World War II.
In the years 1939‐1941, the town — inhabited by c. 10,000 people, of whom c. 42% were Roman Catholic Poles, c. 32% Greek Catholic Rusyns/Ukrainians, and c. 18% Jews — found itself under Russian occupation. The Russians, as elsewhere, in one of their first repressive decisions, prob. expelled nuns from the hospital and banned them from wearing habits. It is not known, however, whether they also evicted them from their Congregation's house. Later, many Poles, in four great waves of deportation of 1940‐1941, were prob. deported by the Russians from Dolyna deep into Russia, „to Siberia”. Perhaps, however, after being expelled from another Congregation's house, she right then returned to her family home and hometown.
Perhaps this happened after the German attack on 22.06.1944 on their erstwhile ally, the Russians, and the beginning of the German occupation. The nuns were then prob. able to resume their ministry in the hospital and run the orphanage, and perhaps she was then transferred to Dolyna.
During the German occupation, the town of Dolyna became part of the Germ. Kreishauptmannschaft Stryj (Eng. Stryj County) within the Germ. Distrikt Galizien (Eng. District of Galicia), a part of the German‐occupied and run quasi‐state called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG.
It is therefore unknown whether lived in the town when, at the beginning of 1942, the Germans began implementing the genocidal plan known as Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question), which in the GG was called the Germ. «Aktion Reinhardt» (Eng. Operation Reinhardt). There had been an open ghetto in Dolyna since 1941, covering the area that had already been inhabited exclusively by Jews in 1939. In 1941, an c. 2,700 Jews resided there, but later their number increased by the Jews from neighboring villages and towns. The largest extermination action took place on 03.08.1942, when the Germans — in cooperation with Ukrainians collaborating with the Germans serving in the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police), in some regions also referred to as the Germ. Schutzmannschaft (Eng. Protection Battalions), i.e. Schuma, herded c. 3,500 Jews into the ghetto's market square. Some, deemed fit for work, were sent to slave labor camps, i.a. one in Vyshkiv, c. 40 km southwest of the town, while the remaining 2,500 were marched to the Jewish cemetery and murdered there. For the next 20 months, the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei and various German units hunted down Jews still in hiding.
The hunt for Jews in Dolyna and the surrounding area was still going on when c. 200 km to the north, in Volyn — where she was prob. working before returning to Dolyna — Roman Shukhevych, nom de guerre „Taras Chuprynka”, the chief commander of the Ukrainian, genocidal OUN/UPA organisation, who in 1941 was a member of the Ukrainian Germ. Sondergruppe Nachtigall (Eng. Special Group Nightingale) — a unit of the Germ. Wehrmacht (Eng. Armed Forces) that took part in the German attack on Russians in 1941, accused of participating in the Jewish pogrom in Lviv in 1941 — and later a member of the Germ. Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 201 (Eng. 201st Protection team Battalion) — responsible for the murder of Jews and civilians in the territory of Belarus — issued in 02.1943 an order: „The extermination operation should be carried out according to the following principles: Polish villages are to be burned, and their populations massacred. Attacks on towns will take place in broad daylight, not at night. In mixed villages, the Polish population alone should be liquidated, and farmsteads should be burned only if they are 15 meters away and when there is no risk of the fire spreading to neighboring Ukrainian buildings. The Ukrainian population will receive instructions as to where to gather during the attack […] For every Ukrainian murdered, whether by Poles or Germans, 100 (one hundred) Poles will be executed”.
It was the de facto signal for the commencement of the «Genocidium Atrox» — i.e. the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”.
Immediately thereafter, in 03.1943, the UPA issued an appeal to members of the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police), collaborating with Germans, in some regions also referred to as the Germ. Schutzmannschaft (Eng. Protection Battalions), i.e. Schuma, which co‐participated in the German genocidal plan Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question), in the Germ. Reichskommissariat Ukraine implemented under the codename Germ. «Aktion Reinhardt» (Eng. Operation Reinhardt), to desert and join the UPA in Volyn. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Ukrainians did so.
Volyn was drenched in Polish blood. Tens of thousands of Poles were murdered by the Ukrainians — with German passivity — in an extremely barbaric manner. Hundreds of villages were burned.
At that time, the OUN/UPA was not yet active in the GG — so as not to „annoy” the Germans. Other Ukrainian groups were active, functioning, i.a. under the euphemistic Ukrainian name Ukr. Самооборонні кущові відділи (Eng. Self‐Defense Unit), i.e. SKW, and the aforementioned Germ. Ukrainian Hilfspolizei, de facto collaborating with the OUN, the political arm of the genocidal UPA, it might be claimed the even being controlled by the OUN. And they were responsible for the growing wave of attacks on the defenseless Polish population — with the passivity of the German occupier. E.g. there are reports that in Dolyna in 1943 — in the spring, or maybe in the autumn, the sources are not clear — the Germ. Ukrainian Hilfspolizei and the Germans shot c. 40 Poles and c. 8 Ukrainians for helping Jews.
When at the turn of 1943/1944 it became clear that Germany was losing the war in the East — on 24.12.1943, the great Russian offensive known as the Dnieper–Carpathian Operation began — the OUN/UPA decided to extend the genocide «Genocidium Atrox» to the GG, including the Germ. Distrikt Galizien. Most of the aforementioned Ukrainian „self‐defense” SKW groups automatically transformed into OUN/UPA units. The Ukrainian génocidaires formed then i.a. the OUN/UPA operational group „UPA‐West”, under the command of Vasyl Sydor, nom de guerre „Shelest”, who ordered „to constantly attack Poles until they are completely exterminated from these lands”.
The UPA Military District WO‐4 „Hoverla”, commanded by Mykola Tverdokhlib, nom de guerre „Hrym” (Eng. „Thunder”), was responsible for implementing «Genocidium Atrox» in the Dolyna area. Both Sydor and Tverdokhlib honed their genocidal craft in 1941 in the Ukrainian Germ. Sondergruppe Nachtigall, and the former also in the Germ. Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 201 — just like their chief commander, the aforementioned Roman Shukhevych.
The intensification of attacks on Dolyna — which then had only c. 6,779 inhabitants (data from 01.03.1943) — occurred during the spring break in the Russian offensive in the east, i.e. after the Dnieper–Carpathian Operation was halted on 17.04.1944. The OUN/UPA génocidaires carried out several attacks on the town, each time murdering several dozen of its inhabitants in an extremely barbaric manner. E.g. on 13.07.1944 — the day the Russian offensive resumed and the Lviv–Sandomierz operation began — they murdered c. 40 Poles.
On c. 30‐31.07.1944, the Russians captured Dolyna, and the Russian occupation began. The OUN/UPA seemed to lie down for a time in Dolyna, regrouping — after all, it had de facto lost the support of its German ally and was clearly targeted by the Russians — only to resume attacks on Poles in c. 11.1944.
And then, on 20.12.1944, the OUN/UPA murdered her.
The St Joseph Sisters CSSJ continued to minister in Dolyna, despite the danger, and despite the fact that their co‐nuns from Kalush, c. 30 km to the east, had already left the town and their Congregation's house in 07.1944. Sources indicate that the attack took place when she was „returning from visiting the sick”. Others state that was „on her way back from visiting her own sister”.
The circumstances of the murder are unknown.
Four days later, on Christmas Eve, Ukrainians were to murder 53 Poles in Dolyna and burned all the Polish houses in the Odenysa and Znesyenye districts. Many Poles were seriously injured. Posters and slogans appeared on the walls of the parish church: „Poles to Poland, for here is your grave”.
On 12.10.2007, the génocidaire Roman Shukhevych was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. On 10.12.2017, on behalf of the „Coordination Council for the Commemoration of Decorated Knights of the OUN and UPA”, génocidaire Vasyl Sydor was posthumously awarded in Lviv the Silver Cross of Military Merit of the UPA, 1st Class (No. 009). On 10.12.2017, on behalf of the „Coordination Council for the Commemoration of Decorated Knights of the OUN and UPA”, genocidal perpetrator Mykola Tverdokhlib was posthumously awarded in Ivano–Frankivsk (i.e. Stanislaviv) the Bronze Cross of Military Merit of the UPA (No. 042). In several locations, monuments and commemorative plaques have been erected to these Lat. „hostis humani generis”, schools bear their name.
Lat. „O Tempora! O mores!”
cause of death
murder
perpetrators
Ukrainians
sites and events
«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description
date and place
of birth
11.03.1904Birth certification on:
www.familysearch.org
[access: 2025.04.19]
Dolynatoday: Dolyna urban hrom., Kalush rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20]
parents
PAWŁOWICZ Anthony
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?
ŚLEPKIEWICZ Mary
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?
baptism
14.03.1904Birth certification on:
www.familysearch.org
[access: 2025.04.19]
Dolynatoday: Dolyna urban hrom., Kalush rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20]
Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC church
religious vows
16.07.1930 (temporary)
16.07.1936 (permanent)
positions held
till 1944
nun — Dolynatoday: Dolyna urban hrom., Kalush rai., Stanislaviv/Ivano‐Frankivsk obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ Congregation's house, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ — prob. a nurse in a public hospital operated by the Congregation, or a caregiver in an orphanage also run by the Congregation
nun — Kremenetstoday: Kremenets urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.18] ⋄ Congregation's house, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ — caretaker in an orphanage run by the Congregation
nun — Skalattoday: Skalat urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.15] ⋄ Congregation's house, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ — nurse in a public hospital operated by the Congregation
nun — Sokaltoday: Sokal urban hrom., Sheptytskyi rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ Congregation's house, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ — nurse in a public hospital operated by the Congregation
nun — Chortkivtoday: Chortkiv urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ Congregation's house, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ — nurse in a public hospital operated by the Congregation
1930 – 1932
nun — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ Motherhouse, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ — student of the two–year Nursing School at the General Hospital
16.07.1929 – 16.07.1930
novitiate — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ Motherhouse, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ
15.10.1928
accession — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ Motherhouse, St Joseph Sisters CSSJ
others related
in death
STIEBERClick to display biography Antonina (Sr Mary Ceslava)
sites and events
descriptions
«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
sources
personal:
cracovia-leopolis.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06], www.kresykedzierzynkozle.home.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.13], www.familysearch.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2025.04.19]
bibliographical:
„Mysterium iniquitatis. Clergy and religious of the Latin rite murdered by Ukrainian nationalists in 1939‐1945”, Fr Józef Marecki, Institute of National Remembrance IPN, Kraków 2020
„Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933‐1945”, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ed. Martin Dean, volume II: „Ghettos in German–Occupied Eastern Europe”, part A
„Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm
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