• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

personal data

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  • MUZALEWSKI Louis, source: misjonarze.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOMUZALEWSKI Louis
    source: misjonarze.pl
    own collection

surname

MUZALEWSKI

forename(s)

Louis (pl. Ludwik)

  • MUZALEWSKI Louis - Commemorative stone, obóz koncentracyjny, KL Groß—Rosen, source: img.iap.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOMUZALEWSKI Louis
    Commemorative stone, obóz koncentracyjny, KL Groß—Rosen
    source: img.iap.pl
    own collection

function

laybrother

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Congregation of the Mission CMmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

(i.e. Vincentians, Lazarists)

diocese / province

Gdańsk diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2017.01.21]

date and place
of death

18.04.1944

AL Reichenausub–camp of KL Groß–Rosen concentration camp
today: Rychnov u Jablonce nad Nisou, Jablonec nad Nisou dist., Liberec reg., Czechia

alt. dates and places
of death

04.04.1944

details of death

During World War I, several times briefly drafted into the German army as a citizen of the Prussian state — served in Kostrzyn on the Oder, Racibórz and Gdańsk (e.g. working at the construction of submarines).

Each time prob.returned to Kraków (or the monastery of Discalced Carmelites in Czerna near Kraków) — Lviv left prob. earlier, after 06.1915, when the Austrians re–entered the city following 9 months of Russian occupation.

After German invasion of Poland on 01.09.1939 (Russians attacked Poland 17 days later) and start of the World War II, after start of German occupation, arrested by the Germans on 08.09.1939 (Congregation's house in Bydgoszcz Germans plundered and seized earlier, on 05.09.1939) — with Fr John Wagner, his superior, among others — during Bydgoszcz pacification.

On 09.09.1939, witnessed the public execution of 20 Poles (among them two of his co‑friars, Fr Peter Szarek and Fr Stanislav Wiórek) in the Old Market Square — stood among several dozen people, including many priests, with his back to the church, his arms raised, watching the murder and waiting for his turn.

Marched however out and jailed in the cellars of the Germ. „Internierungslager” (Eng. „Internment camp”), set up in the military barracks in Bydgoszcz.

Tortured.

Released — the family paid the ransom — in 11.1939.

Illegally crossed‑over to the German‑run General Governorate.

In Warsaw participated in smuggling Consecrated Hosts to the prisoners in Pawiak prison.

On 07.02.1944, together with a group of priests and religious, in Warsaw Holy Cross church, arrested by the Germans again.

Jailed in Warsaw–Pawiak prison.

On 29.03.1944 transported to KL Groß‑Rosen concentration camp.

There was to slave in quarries, tortured.

After a week transferred to AL Reichenau sub‑camp where perished from lack of medical service.

cause of death

extermination: murder / exhaustion

perpetrators

Germans

date and place
of birth

22.08.1883

Krajęcintoday: Lisewo gm., Chełmno pov., Kuyavia–Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]

religious vows

02.08.1904 (last)

positions held

1938 – 1944

friar — Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09]
⋄ Vincentians CM ⋄ Holy Cross RC parish ⋄ Warsaw–in–urbedeanery name
today: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
RC deanery

friar — BydgoszczBielawy neighborhood
today: Bydgoszcz city pov., Kuyavia–Pomerania voiv., Poland

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.20]
⋄ Congregation's house, Vincentians CM

friar — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ Congregation's house (at 48 Dwernickiego Str.), Vincentians CM

friar — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ Vincentians CM

1920 – 1931

friar — Curitibatoday: Paraná state, Brasil
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.09.31]
⋄ Vincentians CM ⋄ St Stanislav the Bishop and Martyr RC parish — also: assistance in the editorial office of the „People” weekly

1918 – 1920

manager — Bugajtoday: Biecz gm., Gorlice pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.02.05]
⋄ Congregation's estate, Vincentians CM

1918 – 1920

friar — KrakówKleparz district
today: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ Congregation's house („Kleparz”, 17‑19 St Philip Str.), Vincentians CM — prob.

1913 – c. 1915

friar — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ Congregation's house, Vincentians CM

1906 – 1913

friar — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ Vincentians CM — ministry in the orphanage for boys, at St Lazarus Hospital (organisation of funerals), at Fr Casimir Siemaszko's Educational Institute (youth care)

1905 – 1906

friar — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
⋄ Congregation's house (by the Minor Archbishop's Seminary), Vincentians CM — Minor Seminary's infirmary caretaker

till 1904

novitiate — Krakówtoday: Kraków city pov., Lesser Poland voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]
⋄ Seminarium Internum, Vincentians CM

21.07.1902

accession — Vincentians CM

others related
in death

BRANDYSClick to display biography Edward Paul, CAŁKAClick to display biography Casimir Francis, GINTROWSKIClick to display biography Jerome, SZAREKClick to display biography Peter, WAGNERClick to display biography John Francis, WIOREKClick to display biography Stanislav

murder sites
camp 
(+ prisoner no)

AL Reichenau: AL Reichenau (now: Rychnov, Czech Rep.): KL Groß‑Rosen (dziś: Rogoźnica) concentration camp's sub‑camp — Germ. Außenlager — located near German Getewent (Germ. Gesellschaft für Technisch Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung GmbH) factories, where prob. in underground bunkers and tunnels scientific research was conducted, among others on „Nordpol” project — radars and steering for V‑2 rockets. In AL Reichenau up to 1,500 prisoners were held, including many participants of Warsaw Uprising. (more on: www.gross-rosen.euClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19]
, pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.27]
)

KL Groß‑Rosen: Groß‑Rosen (today: Rogoźnica) was a German concentration camp founded in the summer of 1940 (first transport of prisoners arrived on 02.08.1940). Initially a branch of KL Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In 1944 became a centre of a network of more than 100 camps. Prisoners were forced to slave at nearby granite quarries, on starvation rations. More than 125,000 prisoners were enslaved — 40,000 victims perished. In 1945 — in „death marches” — Germans dragged through the camp thousands of prisoners from the camp’s in east being one by one overrun by the Russians. The camp itself was captured by the Russians on 14.02.1945. (more on: www.gross-rosen.euClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.07.18]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]
)

Pawiak: Investigative prison in Warsaw, built by the Russian occupiers of Poland in 1830‑1835. During the Poland partition's period, a Russian investigative prison, both criminal and political. During World War II and the German occupation, the largest German prison in the General Government. Initially, it was subordinate to the Justice Department of the General Governorate, and from 03.1940 Germ. Sicherheitspolizei und des Sicherheitsdienst (Eng. Security Police and Security Service) of the Warsaw District — in particular the German Secret Political Police Gestapo. c. 3,000 prisoners were kept in Pawiak permanently, of which about 2,200 in the men's unit and c. 800 in the women's unit (the so‑called Serbia) — with a „capacity” of c. 1,000 prisoners. In total, in the years 1939‑1944, c. 100,000 Poles passed through the prison, of which c. 37,000 were murdered in executions — from 10.1943 Pawiak prisoners were murdered in open executions on the streets of Warsaw (sometimes several times a day) — during interrogations, in cells or in a prison „hospital”, and c. 60,000 were taken in 95 transports to concentration camps (mainly KL Auischwitz), other places of isolation or to forced labor. The prison Germans demolished during the Warsaw Uprising in 08‑10.1944. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2022.08.17]
)

07.02.1944 arrests: In apparent in retaliation for the successful attempt on the head of the Warsaw Gestapo and the SS gen. Kutschera (01.02.1944) German political police (Gestapo) arrested many priests and religious in Warsaw, Cracow, Lublin and Radom, including 17 priests, 14 religious and many pupils and staff members of the Fr Siemiec orphans' house run by Salesian Fathers in Warsaw and 14 Vincentian (Lazarists) priests, 5 Vincentian religious and 3 lay people ministering in the Holy Cross church in Warsaw. They were taken to infamous Pawiak prison in Warsaw and next some of them were transported to Groß‑Rosen concentration camp.

General Governorate: A separate administrative territorial region set up by the Germans in 1939 after defeat of Poland, which included German‑occupied part of Polish territory that was not directly incorporate into German state. Created as the result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, in a political sense, was to recreate the German idea of 1915 (after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915 during World War I) of establishing a Polish enclave within Germany (also called the General Governorate at that time). It was run by the Germans till 1945 and final Russian offensive, and was a part of so–called Big Germany — Grossdeutschland. Till 31.07.1940 formally known as Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Governorate for occupied Polish territories) — later as simply niem. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate). From 07.1941 expanded to include district Galicia. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04]
)

IL Bromberg: Germ. „Internierungslager” (Eng. „Internment camp”) set up on 05.09.1939 — the day Germans took over Bydgoszcz — in 15 Greater Poland Light Artillery Regiment military barracks at 147 Gdańska Str. in Bydgoszcz. In 09.1939 only c. 3,500 Poles were jailed there. Prisoners were held in f. stables or f. armory building. They were maltreated and tortured. Some were shot on the spot (c. 28 victims in 09.1939). Next they were sent to concentration camps throughout Germany. Some were taken to mass execution sites in nearby forests and murdered. On 01.11.1939 the camp was moved to f. ammunition warehouses in Jachcice town district. The camp was closed in 12.1939. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pacification of Bydgoszcz 05‑12.09.1939: The repressions carried out by German Wehrmacht soldiers and SS Einsatzkommando 1 / IV officers (Einsatzgruppe IV sub‑unit) in order to pacify the city and suppress the alleged „Polish uprising in Bydgoszcz”. On 03‑04.09.1939, during the withdrawal, under the pressure of the German invasion, the Polish army passing through Bydgoszcz was attacked by German saboteurs and ollaborators, citizens of the Polish state. The military reacted. C. 365 people died in the fighting and as a result of shootings — events named by the Germans „Bloody Sunday” (about a quarter were Poles, the rest Germans). On 05.09.1939, the Germans entered Bydgoszcz. Resistance was put up, among others, by members of the Bydgoszcz Civic Guard — e.g. 2 Germans were killed in Szwederów district. After receiving an assurance from the German general that their rights due as regular troops would be respected, they laid down their arms — after which about 40 of them were beaten to death with metal bars by the Germans. Then, on 05‑08.09.1939, in various parts of the city, the Germans murdered, in summary executions, from 200 to 400 people. On 08.09.1939, the local commander of the German army, Wehrmacht, ordered the city to be cleared of „criminal Polish elements”. The Germans surrounded the districts inhabited by Poles, searched the apartments and, if any weapons were found (e.g. sabers, batons, etc.), murdered the owners on the spot — the orders were issued to murder all people who „seemed suspicious in any way”. The rest were sent to an internment camp in Polish military barracks. On 09.09.1939, the first public execution of 20 people was carried out in the Old Market Square. The next day — another 20 were executed there. On 09.09.1939 —five. The first phase of the „cleansing” action ended on c. 11.09.1939 — during which the Germans murdered c. 370 Poles. In the following days and months, mass arrests were made and detainees were sent to concentration camps. Bydgoszcz was to become a German city. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2022.09.31]
)

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‑called General Governorate where it was called «AB‑aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04]
)

Ribbentrop–Molotov: Genocidal Russian–German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so–called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti–Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislaus Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German–Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian–German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic–pre–Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

sources

personal:
misjonarze.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, www.niedziela.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.02.09]
, www.otk.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.27]

bibliographical:
A martyrology of Polish clergy under German occupation, 1939‑1945”, Fr Szołdrski Vladislaus CSSR, Rome 1965
original images:
misjonarze.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, img.iap.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19]

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