function

religious cleric

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Congregation of the Mission CMmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
(i.e. Vincentians, Lazarists)

diocese / province

Katowice diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

date and place
of death

06.05.1945

Bielskotoday: part of Bielsko‐Biała, Bielsko‐Biała city pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]

details of death

cause of death

warfare

perpetrators

Germans / Russians

sites and events

Slave labour in GermanyClick to display the description, IL BrombergClick to display the description, Pacification of Bydgoszcz 05‐12.09.1939Click to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Reichsgau Danzig‐WestpreußenClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

11.10.1909

Pawłowicealso: Pawłowice Śląskie
today: Pawłowice gm., Pszczyna pov., Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

religious vows

27.09.1925 (temporary)
01.11.1927 (permanent)

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

28.05.1933 (Conversion of St Paul church in Cracow–Stradom)

positions held

others related
in death

CAŁKAClick to display biography Casimir Francis, WALENTAClick to display biography Theodore Henry, GINTROWSKIClick to display biography Jerome, MUZALEWSKIClick to display biography Louis, SZAREKClick to display biography Peter, WAGNERClick to display biography John Francis, WIOREKClick to display biography Stanislav

sites and events
descriptions

Slave labour in Germany: During World War II Germans forced c. 15 million people to do a slave forced labour in Germany and in the territories occupied by Germany. In General Governorate the obligation to work included Poles from 14 to 60 years old. On the Polish territories occupied and incorporated into Germany proper obligation was forced upon children as young as 12 years old — for instance in Warthegau (Eng. Greater Poland). (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2017.11.07])

IL Bromberg: Germ. „Internierungslager” (Eng. „Internment camp”) set up on 05.09.1939 — the day Germans took over Bydgoszcz — in 15 Greater Poland Light Artillery Regiment military barracks at 147 Gdańska Str. in Bydgoszcz. In 09.1939 only c. 3,500 Poles were jailed there. Prisoners were held in f. stables or f. armory building. They were maltreated and tortured. Some were shot on the spot (c. 28 victims in 09.1939). Next they were sent to concentration camps throughout Germany. Some were taken to mass execution sites in nearby forests and murdered. On 01.11.1939 the camp was moved to f. ammunition warehouses in Jachcice town district. The camp was closed in 12.1939. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pacification of Bydgoszcz 05‐12.09.1939: The repressions carried out by German Wehrmacht soldiers and SS Einsatzkommando 1 / IV officers (Einsatzgruppe IV sub‐unit) in order to pacify the city and suppress the alleged „Polish uprising in Bydgoszcz”. On 03‐04.09.1939, during the withdrawal, under the pressure of the German invasion, the Polish army passing through Bydgoszcz was attacked by German saboteurs and ollaborators, citizens of the Polish state. The military reacted. C. 365 people died in the fighting and as a result of shootings — events named by the Germans „Bloody Sunday” (about a quarter were Poles, the rest Germans). On 05.09.1939, the Germans entered Bydgoszcz. Resistance was put up, among others, by members of the Bydgoszcz Civic Guard — e.g. 2 Germans were killed in Szwederów district. After receiving an assurance from the German general that their rights due as regular troops would be respected, they laid down their arms — after which about 40 of them were beaten to death with metal bars by the Germans. Then, on 05‐08.09.1939, in various parts of the city, the Germans murdered, in summary executions, from 200 to 400 people. On 08.09.1939, the local commander of the German army, Wehrmacht, ordered the city to be cleared of „criminal Polish elements”. The Germans surrounded the districts inhabited by Poles, searched the apartments and, if any weapons were found (e.g. sabers, batons, etc.), murdered the owners on the spot — the orders were issued to murder all people who „seemed suspicious in any way”. The rest were sent to an internment camp in Polish military barracks. On 09.09.1939, the first public execution of 20 people was carried out in the Old Market Square. The next day — another 20 were executed there. On 09.09.1939 —five. The first phase of the „cleansing” action ended on c. 11.09.1939 — during which the Germans murdered c. 370 Poles. In the following days and months, mass arrests were made and detainees were sent to concentration camps. Bydgoszcz was to become a German city. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2022.09.31])

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Two were added to existing German provinces. From two other separate new provinces were created. Vistula Pomerania region was one of them, incorporated into Germany on 08.10.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), and on 02.11.1939 transformed into the Germ. Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen (Eng. Reich District of Gdańsk‐West Prussia) province, in which the law of the German state was to apply. The main axis of the policy of the new province, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact that 85% of its inhabitants were Poles, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. C. 60,000 Poles were murdered in 1939‐1940, as part of the Germ. „Intelligenzaktion”, i.e. extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes, in c. 432 places of mass executions — including c. 220 Polish Catholic priests. The same number were sent to German concentration camps, from where few returned (over 300 priests were arrested, of whom c. 130 died in concentration camps). C. 124,000‐170,000 were displaced, including c. 90,000 to the Germ. Generalgouvernement. Poles were forced en masse to sign the German nationality list, the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL. Polish children could only learn in German. It was forbidden to use the Polish language during Catholic Holy Masses and during confession. Polish landed estates were confiscated..To further reduce the number of the Polish population, Poles were sent to forced labor deep inside Germany. The remaining Poles were treated as low‐skilled labor, isolated from the Germans and strictly controlled — legally, three or three of them could only meet together, even in their own apartments. Many were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht army. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Albert Maria Forster, was executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.24])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
www.encyklo.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19]
bibliographical:
„Catalogue des Maisons et du Personnel de la Congregation de la MissionClick to display source page”
„St Vincent a Paulo Missionaries in Poland  (1651‐2001)”, Fr Stanislav Rospond, Fr John Dukała, editors, vol. I and II, Kraków 2001
original images:
naszaprzeszlosc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]