beatification date

27.06.2001more on
www.swzygmunt.knc.pl
[access: 2013.05.19]

the RC Pope John Paul IImore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

function

religious cleric

creed

Ukrainian Greek Catholic GCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

congregation

Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer CSsRmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
(i.e. Redemptorists)

diocese / province

Lviv Greek Catholic Vice‐Province CSsR

nationality

Ukrainian

date and place
of death

28.06.1941

Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]

details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

06.1941 massacres (NKVD)Click to display the description, Lviv (Zamarstiniv)Click to display the description, Lviv (Brygidki)Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

18.08.1903

Ivachiv Horishnytoday: Bila hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]

parents

KOWALIK Gregory
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?

Michelle
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?

religious vows

28.08.1926 (temporary)
28.08.1929 (permanent)

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

09.08.1932

positions held

biography (own resources)

Click to read biography details from our resources

others related
in death

BAŁUTClick to display biography Anthony (Fr Roman), BANSZELClick to display biography Charles, BUCZYŃSKIClick to display biography Joseph, CZEMERYŃSKIClick to display biography Yaroslav Anthony, KAŹNICAClick to display biography Monica, KNYSZClick to display biography Stephen, KONOPKAClick to display biography Casimir Stanislav, MARCHIEWICZClick to display biography Francis (Fr Michael), PISKOZUBClick to display biography Julia, OSIDACZClick to display biography Roman, ZAWOROTIUKClick to display biography Michael, KOWERKOClick to display biography Maximilian, STOKŁOSAClick to display biography Joseph

sites and events
descriptions

06.1941 massacres (NKVD): After German attack of Russian‐occupied Polish territory and following that of Russia itself, before a panic escape, Russians murdered — in accordance with the genocidal order issued on 24.06.1941 by the Russian interior minister Lawrence Beria to murder all prisoners (formally „sentenced” for „counter‐revolutionary activities”, „anti‐Russian acts”, sabotage and diversion, and political prisoners „in custody”), held in NKVD‐run prisons in Russian occupied Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia — c. 40,000‐50,000 prisoners. In addition Russians murdered many thousands of victims arrested after German attack regarding them as „enemies of people” — those victims were not even entered into prisons’ registers. Most of them were murdered in massacres in the prisons themselves, the others during so‐called „death marches” when the prisoners were driven out east. After Russians departure and start of German occupation a number of spontaneous pogroms of Jews took place. Many Jews collaborated with Russians and were regarded as co‐responsible for prison massacres. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19])

Lviv (Zamarstiniv): Penal prison no 2 in Lviv. In 1939‐1941 Russians organised there an NKVD detention centre and jailed thousands of prisoners, mainly Poles and Ukrainians, interrogating them and torturing. In 06.1941 after German invasion Russians murdered few thousands of them in a mass massacre. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Lviv (Brygidki): Penal prison, then at 34 Kazimierzowska Str. in Lviv — in the buildings of the former monastery of the Order of St Brigid, in 1784 — after the first partition of Poland and after the dissolution of the religious orders as part of the so—called Josephine dissolutions — converted by the partitioning Austrian authorities into a prison. In 1939‐1941, the Russians held there thousands of prisoners, most of them Poles. On c. 26.06.1941, in the face of the German invasion and attack of their erstwhile ally, the Russians, during a panic escape (the left Lviv exactly on 26.06.1941), genocideally murdered several thousand prisoners. In 1941‐1944 the prison was run by the Germans and mass murders of Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian civilians took place there. After start of another Russian occupation in 1941 prison in which the executions were carried out on prisoners sentenced to death. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
old.cssr.lviv.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
original images:
www.cssr.lviv.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], www.redemptorist.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], photo-lviv.in.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26], uk.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], photo-lviv.in.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26], www.catholic.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30], old.cssr.lviv.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26], commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]