Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
surname
KŁONOWSKI
forename(s)
Marian
function
diocesan priest
creed
Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]
diocese / province
Lviv archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
RC Military Ordinariate of Polandmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]
date and place
of death
25.08.1944
Velyky Hlibovychitoday: Bibrka urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]
alt. dates and places
of death
28.08.1944, 24.09.1944
details of death
From c. 1934 ministered as the administrator of the curacy in Velyky Hlibovychi, a commune village located c. 30 km south of Lviv, among forests on the Davidivka River, near the railway line to Stanislaviv. In 1939, his commune was inhabited by c. 1,600 Poles, c. 2,000 Ukrainians and c. 130 Jews.
On 01.01.1939, was appointed a reserve chaplain of the Polish Army (for a two‐year statutory period). It is unclear whether in this role participated directly — as a chaplain — in the defense of Poland after the German and Russian invasion in 09.
1939 and the start of World War II. Mobilization orders were sent late, and reaching the potential mobilization site was not easy. It is known, however, that members of the nationalist, criminal Ukrainian organization OUN became active then near his parish village, severing telephone wires along the Lviv–Stanislaviv railway line and unscrewing railway tracks.
There, survived the Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, marked, i.a. by mass deportations of Poles deep into Russia, „to Siberia”. The Russians, applying their traditional policy of resolving and preventing social conflicts, i.e. the genocidal resettlement of entire societies and nationalities, deported some Poles from Hlibovychi as well, including the families of Polish policemen.
Survived also the German occupation there, after the German attack on 22.06.1944 on their erstwhile ally, the Russians — an occupation marked by German repressions and murders, the extermination of Jews, and the Ukrainian genocide against the Polish community.
The genocidal plan, Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question), which in Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG — his parish became part of this occupational, German‐managed entity in 1941 — was carried out under the codename of Germ. «Aktion Reinhardt» (Eng. Operation Reinhardt), the Germans began to implement at the turn of 1941/1942. During this operation, in 08.1942, in the commune town of Bibrka, c. 5 km from his parish village, they gathered c. 3,200 Jews from Bibrka itself and the surrounding area. On 12.08.1942, they deported — with considerable help from the collaborationist Ukrainian Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police), in some regions also referred to as Germ. Schutzmannschaft (Eng. Protection Battalions), i.e. Schuma — the first group of c. 1,260 Jews to the VL Belzec extermination camp, killing c. 200 others during the selection process before loading victims onto railway wagons. The ghetto was officially opened on 01.12.1942, and a week later the second group of c. 1,200 Jews was deported to VL Belzec. On that day, the reduced ghetto was also surrounded with barbed wire. The Germans and their Ukrainian auxiliaries, including the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei, liquidated the ghetto on 14.03.1943, committing the mass murder of c. 1,070 Jews by the nearby village of Volove. It was possible then to declare that the Bibrka commune was Germ. „Judenfrei” (Eng. „free of Jews”).
Almost simultaneously with the final phase of the extermination of Jews, genocidal Ukrainian nationalists became active. In 02.1943 Roman Shukhevych, nom de guerre „Taras Chuprynka”, the main commander of the Ukrainian genocidal OUN/UPA, issued an order: „The extermination [of Poles] operation should be carried out according to the following principles: Polish villages are to be burned, and their populations massacred. Attacks on towns will take place in broad daylight, not at night. In mixed villages, the Polish population alone should be liquidated, and farmsteads should be burned only if they are 15 meters away and when there is no risk of the fire spreading to neighboring Ukrainian buildings. The Ukrainian population will receive instructions as to where to gather during the attack […] For every Ukrainian murdered, whether by Poles or Germans, 100 (one hundred) Poles will be executed”.
It was the de facto signal for the commencement of the «Genocidium Atrox» — i.e. the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”.
Immediately thereafter, in 03.1943, the UPA issued an appeal to members of the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei to desert and join the UPA. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Ukrainians did so.
The «Genocidium Atrox» in his region began at the turn of 1943/1944, although the atmosphere of terror preceding them had begun to engulf the Polish community earlier. Around that time, the commander of the OUN/UPA operational group „UPA‐West” — until 12.1943 operating under the euphemistic name ukr. Українська Народна Самооборона (Eng. Ukrainian National Self–Defense), i.e. UNS, reinforced by deserters from the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei, seasoned in the genocide of Jews — whose operational area included, i.a. his parish, Vasyl Sydor, nom de guerre „Shelest”, who ordered „to strike continuously at Poles until they are completely destroyed from these lands”. Several Ukrainian attacks took place in Velyky Hlibovychi at that time, during which „a number of Poles were murdered”.
By the end of spring 1944, it became clear that another major Russian offensive to the west could be expected. The Russian‐German front stopped on 17.04.1944, c. 80 km east of Lviv, and a major regrouping of troops was taking place in anticipation of the summer campaign. The genocidal UPA was also preparing for the inevitable start of the Russian occupation. One of its aspects was the order issued on 09.06.1944, by the commander of the WO‐2 „Bug” military district, Vasyl Levkowicz, nom de guerre „Voronyi”, to „liquidate strong and active Polish populations” in the area under his command, which included, i.a. the area around his parish.
Decided then to leave the parish for the expected front line crossing and went to Lviv, where participated in a priestly retreat. The journey was not entirely safe, as there are known cases of Ukrainians firing on Poles waiting for their journey at the station in Velyky Hlibovychi.
The Russian offensive, which went down in history as the Lviv–Sandomierz Operation, finally began on 13.07.1944. Two weeks later, on 27.07.1944, the Russians entered Lviv, and the Russian occupation began.
Decided to return to his parish. There found the rectory plundered.
Tried to find out in the village what had happened to his belongings.
In the rectory garden — some sources suggests in the rectory itself, others in the village, while returning from a meeting with a Ukrainian about the stolen goods — attacked by Ukrainians.
Shot with a firearm. Finished off with a shovel.
Buried in a pasture. The body was then „moved to an unknown location”.
The perpetrators were prob. members of the genocidal OUN/UPA. The crime could also have been committed by agents of the genocidal Ukr. Служба безпеки ОУН (Eng. OUN Security Service), a unit of clandestine political police, responsible for „cleansing” operations — i.e. secret murders — in the areas under their control of Poles and people considered enemies, whose commander was the genocidal perpetrator Mykola Arsenych, nom de guerre „Mykhailo”.
There is no monument in Kłonowski. However, the génocidaire Roman Shukhevych was on 12.10.2007 posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. On 10.12.2017, on behalf of the „Coordination Council for the Commemoration of Decorated Knights of the OUN and UPA”, génocidaire Vasyl Sydor was posthumously awarded in Lviv the Silver Cross of Military Merit of the UPA, 1st Class (No. 009). The génocidaire Mykola Arsenych even received the Golden Cross of Military Merit of the UPA, 2nd Class, confirmed by the Lviv Regional Council on 05.03.2008, and because survived 25 years in Russian labor camps, after his return was granted an apartment in Lviv along with financial support. In 2007 became also an honorary citizen of the town of Sheptytskyi, formerly Krystynopil, in 1939 with Polish majority, in whose expulsion and murder played a significant, though probably indirect, part. In several locations, monuments and commemorative plaques have been erected to these Lat. „hostis humani generis”, the schools were named after them.
Lat. „O Tempora! O mores!”
cause of death
murder
perpetrators
Ukrainians
sites and events
«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description
date and place
of birth
22.04.1905
presbyter (holy orders)
ordination
28.06.1931
Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16]
positions held
c. 1934 – 1944
curatus/rector/expositus — Velyky Hlibovychitoday: Bibrka urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC church ⋄ Stare Selotoday: Davydiv hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20], Holy Trinity RC parish ⋄ Svirzhtoday: Bibrka urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.10.15] RC deanery
from c. 1934
vicar — Ustya‐Zelenetoday: Monastyryska urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02] ⋄ Holy Trinity RC parish ⋄ Buchachtoday: Buchach urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.15] RC deanery
from c. 1932
vicar — Pidhaitsitoday: Pidhaitsi urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ Holy Trinity RC parish ⋄ Pidhaitsitoday: Pidhaitsi urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery
c. 1932
vicar — Kozovatoday: Kozova hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.24] ⋄ St Stanislav the Bishop and Martyr RC parish ⋄ Berezhanytoday: Berezhany urban hrom., Ternopil rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.15] RC deanery
from 1931
prefect — Cieszanówtoday: Cieszanów gm., Lubaczów pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] ⋄ St Adalbert the Bishop and Martyr RC parish ⋄ Lubaczówtoday: Lubaczów urban gm., Lubaczów pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.20] RC deanery ⋄ Lviv AC archdiocese
1926 – 1931
student — Lvivtoday: Lviv urban hrom., Lviv rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.16] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Metropolitan Theological Seminary
sites and events
descriptions
«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20])
Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
sources
personal:
www.stankiewicze.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], nawolyniu.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06], archiwum-ordynariat.wp.mil.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.04.02], cracovia-leopolis.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06], kresykedzierzynkozle.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2026.07.13], www.kchodorowski.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.26]
bibliographical:
„Register of Latin rite Lviv metropolis clergy’s losses in 1939‐45”, Józef Krętosz, Maria Pawłowiczowa, editors, Opole, 2005
„Biographical lexicon of Lviv Roman Catholic Metropoly clergy victims of the II World War 1939‐1945”, Mary Pawłowiczowa (ed.), Fr Joseph Krętosz (ed.), Holy Cross Publishing, Opole, 2007
„Schematismus Universi Saecularis et Regularis Cleri Archi Diaeceseos Metropol. Leopol. Rit. Lat.”, Lviv Metropolitan Curia, from 1860 till 1938
„Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933‐1945”, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ed. Martin Dean, volume II: „Ghettos in German–Occupied Eastern Europe”, part A
„Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm
original images:
www.kchodorowski.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.26], wegliniec.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31]
LETTER to CUSTODIAN/ADMINISTRATOR
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MARTYROLOGY: KŁONOWSKI Marian
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