function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Churchmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Warsaw archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

academic distinctions

Sacred Theology MA

honorary titles

Knight's Cross „Polonia Restituta”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
Silver Medal „For Long Service”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.05.25]
Bronze Medal „For Long Service”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.05.25]
honorary canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14] (Warsaw cathedralmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14])

date and place
of death

31.08.1944

Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pow., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09]

details of death

cause of death

shelling (bombardment)

perpetrators

Germans

date and place
of birth

01.11.1879

Karolinotoday: Serock gm., Legionowo pow., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1904 (St Catherine of Alexandria church in Sankt Petersburgmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.06])

positions held

others related
in death

BAREJKAClick to display biography Catherine (Sr Gertrude), BORKEMClick to display biography Louise (Sr Antonina), HRYNASZKIEWICZClick to display biography Leonard Victor, KARCZClick to display biography Hedwig (Sr Joachima), KARCZEWSKAClick to display biography Sophia (Sr Rose), KILIAŃSKAClick to display biography Catherine (Sr Benita), KOPERSKAClick to display biography Apolonia (Sr Tomea), KOWALSKAClick to display biography Victoria (Sr Anne), KRAKÓWClick to display biography Irene (Sr Hillary), KUŹMIŃSKAClick to display biography Margaret (Sr Catherine), MARCZUKClick to display biography Helen (Sr Bernadette), MATUSZCZAKClick to display biography Mary (Sr Anselma), MAZERSKIClick to display biography John, MIĘTKOWSKAClick to display biography Mary (Sr Cecilia), NARUKClick to display biography Mary (Sr Elisabeth), OLĘDZKAClick to display biography Janet (Sr Josephine), POGONOWSKAClick to display biography Irene (Sr Vladislava), POLAKOWSKAClick to display biography Mary (Sr Flavia), PRZEMYSKAClick to display biography Angela (Sr Stanislava), PRZYKOPEKClick to display biography (Sr Janet), PUCHAŁAClick to display biography Genevieve (Sr Hedwig), REJEWSKAClick to display biography Stephanie Wanda (Sr Ignacia), ROZWADOWSKIClick to display biography Michael, RUDNICKAClick to display biography Caroline (Sr Clementa), SCHMITZ de GROLLENBOURGClick to display biography Mary Josephine (Sr Magdalene), SIWEKClick to display biography Francesca (Sr Barbara), SŁOWACKAClick to display biography Sophia (Sr Andrew), SZKIŁONDŹClick to display biography Casimira (Sr Modesta), TOKARSKAClick to display biography Janet (Sr Agnes), TOMASZEWSKAClick to display biography Aurelia (Sr Therese), TRYCClick to display biography Josephine (Sr Aloise), TURAKClick to display biography Rosalie (Sr Ceslava), ŻELAZEKClick to display biography Josephine (Sr Margaret), ZALEWSKAClick to display biography Laurence (Sr Augustine), ZAŁUSKAClick to display biography Sophia (Sr Innocenta), ZDROJEWSKAClick to display biography Marianne (Sr Claire)

murder sites
camp 
(+ prisoner no)

Warsaw (St Casimir church): On 31.08.1944 during Warsaw Uprising Germans run a bombing raid on St Casimir church at 2 Rynek Nowego Miasta (Old Town region), one of the most precious Baroque buildings in Poland, still under insurgents control. The bombs pierced through the basement ceiling that caved in. In the church Benedictine Nuns of Perpetual Adoration run a field hospital run to Medical Service of Warsaw District of Home Army AK (part of Polish Clandestine State) codename „Bakcyl” — in the AK „North” Group. Under rubble c. 1,000 civilians (mainly wounded patients), 4 Catholic priests and 34 nuns perished (one other nun died a few days later from exhaustion), as well as a few dozen Jews who survived Warsaw ghetto and went into hiding. The monastery and church complex were laid in ruins (destruction was estimated at 80‑90%). (more on: www.benedyktynki-sakramentki.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

Warsaw Uprising: Lasted from 01.08.1944 till 03.10.1944. Was an attempt to liberate Polish capital from occupying Germans by the Polish Clandestine State — a unique in the history of the world political structure on the territories occupied by the Germans, effectively governing clandestinely in Poland — and by fighting on its behalf underground military units, mainly of Home Army (former Armed Struggle Association ZWZ) and National Armed Forced (NSZ). At the same time Russians stopped on purpose the offensive on all front, halted on the other bank of Vistula river and watched calmly the annihilation of the city, refusing even the mid–landing rights to the Allied planes carrying weapons and supplies to the insurgents from Italy. During the Uprising Germans murdered approx. 200,000 Poles, mainly civilians. Approx. 200 priests and nuns died in fighting or were murdered by the Germans, many in mass executions. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.17])

KL Sachsenhausen: In KL Sachsenhausen concentration camp, set up in the former Olympic village in 07.1936, hundreds of Polish priests were held in 1940, before being transported to KL Dachau. Some of them perished in KL Sachsenhausen. Murderous medical experiments on prisoners were carried out in the camp. In 1942‑4 c. 140 prisoners slaved at manufacturing false British pounds, passports, visas, stamps and other documents. Other prisoners also had to do slave work, for Heinkel aircraft manufacturer, AEG and Siemens among others. On average c. 50,000 prisoners were held at any time. Altogether more than 200,000 inmates were in jailed in KL Sachsenhausen and its branched, out of which tens of thousands perished. Prior to Russian arrival mass evacuation was ordered by the Germans and c. 80,000 prisoners were marched west in so‑called „death marches” to other camps, i.e. KL Mauthausen–Gusen and KL Bergen–Belsen. The camp got liberated on 22.04.1945. After end of armed hostilities Germans set up there secret camp for German prisoners and „suspicious” Russian soldiers. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18])

Cracow (Montelupich): Cracow penal prison, during occupation run by the Germans — from 28.02.1941 by Germ. Geheime Staatspolizei (Eng. Secret State Police, known as Gestapo. In 1940‑4 Germans jailed there approx. 50,000 prisoners, mainly Poles and Jews. Some of them were transported to KL Auschwitz concentration camp, some were executed. After cease in war effort the prison was used by UB — a Polish unit of Russian NKVD — as a prison for Polish independence resistance fighters, some of which were subsequently sent to prisons and slave labour camps in Russia. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31])

Sonderaktion Krakau: German operation against Cracow intelligentsia, part of a broader „Intelligenzaktion” against Polish intelligentsia, carried out in 1939‑40. On 06.11.1939 Germans arrested 183/4 Cracow professors from prestigiuous universities, mainly Jagiellonian University. They were jailed in Montelupich prison in Cracow prior to being sent to KL Sachsenhausen concentration camp. 4 days later on 10.11.1939 Germans arrested 25 Jesuits from Cracow College. They were also jailed in Montelupich prison and then transported to German concentration camps where 7 of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.03.01])

Intelligenzaktion: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‑called General Governorate where it was called AB‑aktion. During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

General Governorate: A separate administrative territorial region set up by the Germans in 1939 after defeat of Poland, which included German‑occupied part of Polish territory that was not directly incorporate into German state. Created as the result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, in a political sense, was to recreate the German idea of 1915 (after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915 during World War I) of establishing a Polish enclave within Germany (also called the General Governorate at that time). It was run by the Germans till 1945 and final Russian offensive, and was a part of so–called Big Germany — Grossdeutschland. Till 31.07.1940 formally known as Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Governorate for occupied Polish territories) — later as simply niem. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate). From 07.1941 expanded to include district Galicia. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])

Ribbentrop-Molotov: Genocidal Russian–German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the II World War in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so–called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti–Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislaus Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German–Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called Intelligenzaktion, in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian–German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic–pre–Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence [...], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions [...] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”... Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

original images:
issuu.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.26], ojs.academicon.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02], audiovis.nac.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.04.23], audiovis.nac.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.04.23], commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.04.23], cmentarze.um.warszawa.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.04.23]