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    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

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    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
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    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
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    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

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surname

TCHÓRZEWSKI

forename(s)

Veroslav (pl. Wierosław)

function

presbiter (i.e. iereus)

creed

Eastern Orthodox Church ORmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

liberated lands of Ukraine” OR eparchy (Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church UAOC 1941‐1944)
Volyn‐Lutsk OR eparchy (Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate)more on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]

Volyn OR eparchy (Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PAOC)more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.19]

Volyn‐Zhytomyr OR eparchy (Rosyjska Cerkiew Prawosławna Patriarchatu Moskiewskiego)more on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]

date and place
of death

19.05.1943

DEATH symbol

Vysotsktoday: Dubrovytsya hrom., Sarny rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]

alt. dates and places
of death

11.05.1943, 16.05.1943

details of death

During the Polish–Russian War of 1919‐1921, was chaplain of the 6th Sich Rifle Division, subordinated to the short‐lived Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, but cooperating operationally with the 3rd Polish Army. This army took part, among others, in the Polish Kiev expedition in 05.1920 and in subsequent operations against the Russian invasion, including the Battle of Komarów, the largest cavalry battle of the war and a turning point on the southern front, during which Polish forces routed the 1st Cavalry Army of Semyon Budyonny.

In the 1930s, recognized by the Polish authorities, including the authorities of the Polesia Voivodeship, where ministered, as a Ukrainian activist — i.e. ran in the elections to the Senate of the Republic of Poland on 23.11.1930 and took part in the „school referendum” campaign, expressing support for schools in the Ukrainian language, as well as the campaign to persuade the inhabitants of Polesia to declare their Ukrainian nationality during the 1931 census. In 1932, under pressure from the Polesia voivode, forced by his bishop to leave his parish and go into „retirement”.

From c. 03.1939 again in „retirement”, residing on his farm near the village of Udrytsk, c. 10 km north of the Vysotsk settlement, then in the Stolin county of the Polish Polesia Voivodeship, situated in the fork of the Horyn River and its tributaries Syrets (Seret) and Balamutka, in the Pripyat basin, near the Luninets–Stolin–Sarny–Rivne railway line. Vysotsk was then inhabited by an estimated 3,000 people, of whom Orthodox Ukrainians constituted c. 60%, Roman Catholic Poles c. 5‐10%, and Jews c. 25%. Generally, this reflected the national structure of the entire Stolin county, i.e. a significant majority of Orthodox Ukrainians, although the county also included c. 12% of Roman Catholic Poles, whose number was systematically growing due to the policy of the Polish state, which settled in Volyn — on lands derived from the division of large magnate estates — veterans of the wars for the Polish borders of 1918‐1921 and smallholders from western Poland.

After the German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and the start of World War II, pursuant to the genocidal German–Russian agreement of 23.08.1939, known as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, confirmed on 28.09.1939 by the so‐called „Treaty on the Borders and Friendship between Germany and Russia”, also known as the Second Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, his parish found itself in territory granted by thugs to Russia. The Russian occupation began. The Russians subjected Poles in particular to repression, arresting Polish intelligentsia, teachers, doctors, landowners, government officials, foresters, and policemen. In 1940‐1941, many Poles fell victim to four large waves of deportations „to Siberia”. Surveillance of the clergy, including the Orthodox, began. They were subjected to astronomical taxes, and religious education was removed from schools.

After the German attack on 22.06.1941 on its erstwhile ally, the Russians, the Ukrainian population of Vysotsk settlement welcomed the invading German soldiers — according to Jewish sources — with „bread and salt”. After the beginning of the German occupation, Vysotsk became part of the Germ. Bezirk Sarny (Eng. Sarny County) in the Germ. Generalbezirk Wolhynien–Podolien (Eng. Volyn‐Podolia General District) of the occupying administrative body of the Germ. Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Eng. Reich Commissariate Ukraine).

Prob. already then became the Germ. Bürgermeister (Eng. mayor) of Vysotsk. In practice, many „mayors” in the Germ. Reichskommissariat Ukraine were local Ukrainians, formally approved by the Germ. Gebietskommissar (Eng. district commissioner). Their scope of competences and responsibilities included supervision of the auxiliary police, i.e. the German Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Eng. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police), population registration, supply of contingents from peasants, organizing forced labor, provisioning, etc.

The German occupation also resulted in a division in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. On 18.08.1941, in Pochayiv Lavra, the synod of Ukrainian Orthodox bishops proclaimed the establishment of the Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church AUOC. The AUOC was to strive for autocephaly, i.e. independence, but recognizing the supremacy of the Moscow Patriarchate. In response, another group of Orthodox bishops announced on 08‐10.02.1942, the establishment of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church UAOC, under the auspices of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PAOC, which in turn, as early as 1940, had made an act of loyalty to the German genocide killer Hans Frank, Germ. Generalgouverneur (pl. Governor General) of the German‐occupied and run quasi‐state called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG. In the territory of the Germ. Reichskommissariat Ukraine, the bishops of the AUOC recognized themselves as successors of the PAOC, whose autocephaly was granted by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. It seems more than probable — his entire life path indicates this — that became involved on the side of the AUOC, and this meant supporting the increasingly radicalized Ukrainian nationalist movement, especially the genocidal OUN.

When the Orthodox bishops and clergy of debated the strategy, at the turn of 1941/1942, the Germans began implementing the genocidal plan Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question). In Vysotsk, already in the summer of 1941, the Germans established the Germ. Judenrat (Eng. Jewish Council), responsible for the entire life of the local Jewish community, whose orders were to be enforced by the Germ. Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst (Eng. Jewish Order Service). Jews were forced to slave labor, and the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei committed robberies and blackmail against Jews. In 07.1942, the Germans organized a ghetto in Vysotsk, surrounding several buildings in the center of the settlement with barbed wire and bringing Jews from nearby villages and settlements there. More than 1,500 people were crowded in. Jews trying to escape from the ghetto were murdered. Early in the morning of 09.09.1942, a German genocidal unit of the Germ. Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers SS (Eng. Security Service of the Reichsführer‐SS), i.e. «SD», arrived in Vysotsk. With the participation of the local German gendarmerie and the collaborationist Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei, the ghetto was surrounded. According to Jewish sources, everyone was led — in three groups, along three different routes — c. 2.5 km south of the town, to a clearing/glade (Rus. лядо) by the Horyn River, and there they were all forced to lie down in one of the pits — each c. 100 x 10 m, dug under the pretext of building fuel tanks by local Ukrainians — and then they were all murdered. The pits were filled in by local Ukrainians. A total of 1,600‐1,800 people were murdered then. Those who managed to escape, e.g. by attempting to swim across the Horyn River, the Germans and the collaborating Germ. Ukrainian Hilfspolizei pursued by boat, shooting those captured on the spot or driving them to the site of mass murder.

And immediately later, in 02.1943 Roman Shukhevych, nom de guerre „Taras Chuprynka”, the chief commander of the Ukrainian, genocidal OUN/UPA organisation, who in 1941 was a member of the Ukrainian Germ. Sondergruppe Nachtigall (Eng. Special Group Nightingale) — a unit of the Germ. Wehrmacht (Eng. Armed Forces) that took part in the German attack on Russians in 1941, accused of participating in the Jewish pogrom in Lviv in 1941 — and later a member of the Germ. Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 201 (Eng. 201st Protection team Battalion) — responsible for the murder of Jews and civilians in the territory of Belarus — issued in Volyn an order: „The extermination operation should be carried out according to the following principles: Polish villages are to be burned, and their populations massacred. Attacks on towns will take place in broad daylight, not at night. In mixed villages, the Polish population alone should be liquidated, and farmsteads should be burned only if they are 15 meters away and when there is no risk of the fire spreading to neighboring Ukrainian buildings. The Ukrainian population will receive instructions as to where to gather during the attack […] For every Ukrainian murdered, whether by Poles or Germans, 100 (one hundred) Poles will be executed”.

It was the de facto signal for the commencement of the «Genocidium Atrox» — i.e. the genocide perpetrated by Ukrainians, known as „Volyn genocide”.

A month later, in 03.1943, the UPA issued an appeal to members of the Germ. Ukrainische Hilfspolizei to desert and join the UPA ranks. Perhaps as many as 10,000 Ukrainians did so.

On 22.02.1943, near Vysotsk, Hryhorij Perehijniak was killed in battle with the Germans — a butcher‐cum‐génocidaire, sentenced in 1935 by the Polish authorities to life imprisonment for the murder of a Polish village head, released after the German attack on Poland in 09.1939, a trainee in the GG by the Germans and the OUN, a German saboteur in Volyn before the German attack on the Russians in 1941, and finally an officer of the Germ. Ukrainian Hilfspolizei, experienced in the genocide of Jews — commander of a unit considered to be the first UPA sotnya. The same one who commanded the UPA group that on 09.02.1943 rode „50 sleighs into Parosl”, a Polish colony in the middle of the forests near Horyn river, and murdered 155‐173 people. A witness described: „At 4 p.m., in individual houses, the sotnyks gave orders for all household members to lie down on the floor, as they would shoot at the supposedly approaching Germans and someone might accidentally get hurt or killed. When people were lying face down on the floor, the "partisans" chopped off everyone's heads with axes. Children's heads were hit with the butts of axes or hatchets. In some houses, Poles disobeyed orders and did not lie down on the floor, and the Ukrainians caught individual people and murdered them cruelly. Women had their breasts, noses, and ears cut off, their fingernails torn off, their hands and legs cut off, and their bellies ripped open. Men had their genitals chopped off, their hands, arms, and feet cut off piece by piece, their bellies ripped open, their eyes burned out with red–hot wires, their tongues, noses, and ears cut off, and salt poured over them. They chopped off heads in slices, piece by piece. These people were dying in terrible agony, and the murderers — the UPA "slayers" — with irony and a smile on their faces sneard: "Cursed Lachy, sons of dogs, this is your Poland, you will never see it again"”. The murder is considered the first act of the main wave of the «Genocidium Atrox».

Volyn was supposed to be drenched in Polish blood. And it was. Tens of thousands of Poles were murdered by the Ukrainians — with German passivity — in an extremely barbaric manner. Hundreds of villages were burned. The choice of Volyn for the beginning of the «Genocidium Atrox» and the genocide of Poles by the OUN/UPA was not accidental. Firstly, Volyn in pre‐war Poland had probably the smallest percentage of Polish population in the entire country. Secondly, it was probably the least economically developed voivodeship of Poland, which was caused by the deliberate policy of the Russians, ruling over part of portioned Poland in the 19th century — through Volyn runs the direct route to the heart of Russia, to Moscow, so no roads were laid there, no bridges built, no marshy areas around the Pripyat drained, no industry located, and no schools established. Thirdly, it was Volyn (and the Chełm region) that was recognized by the Central Powers, i.e. the German Empire and the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy, combatants in World War I, in the Treaty of Brest‐Litovsk of 09.02.1918, concluded with Bolshevik Russia, as part of the short‐lived Ukrainian state of the UPR. In 1943, the Germans simply fulfilled the obligations they had undertaken at that time.

And then was murdered, along with his wife.

Sources differ: Ukrainian sources attribute the murder to Russian partisans; Russian sources — to the Germans.

Ukrainian sources, speaking of partisans, mention — of course! — Poles among them. Others inform that the UPA reported that a group of Russian partisans named Kotovsky operated in the Vysotsk area — Grigory Kotovsky was a Bolshevik warlord — based in the village of Vyelegi/Velyuhy, which cannot be identified today, writing: „This group heavily robs the population, which is why people hate them as plunderers and drunkards”. They point to collaboration with the Germans as the cause of the murder.

Other sources, mainly Russian, point to the Germans as the perpetrators, without substantiating this thesis.

The corpse was allegedly set on fire along with the house.

On 12.10.2007, the génocidaire Roman Shukhevych was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. In several locations, monuments and commemorative plaques have been erected to this Lat. „hostis humani generis”, the schools and streets were named after him. génocidaire Hryhoriy Perehiyniak also has his own street, and Wikipedia states that preparations are underway in his home village to erect a commemorative plaque/monument.

Lat. „O Tempora! O mores!

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921Click to display the description

date and place
of birth

27.02.1875

BIRTH symbol

Vyrytoday: Vyry hrom., Sarny rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]

parents

TCHÓRZEWSKI Vladimir
🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?

MAN and WOMAN symbol


🞲 ?, ? — 🕆 ?, ?

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1898

ORDINATION symbol

positions held

from 31.03.1939

retired (i.e. „at rest”) — Vysotsktoday: Dubrovytsya hrom., Sarny rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
— resided on his farm, near his former parish in Udrytsk; after the start of the German occupation in 1942 prob. became the Germ. Bürgermeister (Eng. mayor) of Vysotsk, appointed by the German Germ. Gebietskommissar (Eng. district commissioner)

from 1936

parish priest — Biloberezhzhyatoday: Myrohoshcha Persha hrom., Dubno rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ St Michael the Archangel OR parish

from 1935

parish priest — Lystvyntoday: Myrohoshcha Persha hrom., Dubno rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ St George OR parish

from 26.07.1933

retired (i.e. „at rest”)

from 15.05.1933

administrator — Tutovychitoday: Sarny urban hrom., Sarny rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.05]
⋄ St Michael the Archangel OR church (fillial)Sarny 2nd distr.Orthodox deanery name
today: Sarny rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]
OR deanery — acting („ad interim”)

from 29.07.1932

retired (i.e. „at rest”) — due to active pro‐Ukrainian and anti‐Polish activities prob. forced to leave the parish by his bishop, pressured by the departing of Polesye voivodeship, John Krahelski

from 02.10.1930

parish priest — Staryi Porytsktoday: Pavlivka hrom., Volodymyr rai., Volyn obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary OR parish — candidate for senator of the Republic of Poland in the 23.11.1930 elections

from 12.03.1928

rector — Kamień Szlacheckitoday: Oktyabr, Gorodets ssov., Kobryn dist., Brest reg., Belarus
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ OR church (fillial)Kobryn 3rd distr.Orthodox deanery name
today: Kobryn dist., Brest reg., Belarus

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
OR deanery

24.04.1927

protoiereus (Eng. first priest) — Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PACP — dignity conferment

from 15.02.1927

parish priest — Kachanovichitoday: Kalavuravičy ssov., Pinsk dist., Brest reg., Belarus
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ St Paraskeva Pyatnitsa OR parish ⋄ Pinsk 1st distr.Orthodox deanery name
today: Pinsk dist., Brest reg., Belarus

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.16]
OR deanery

from 25.01.1927

parish priest — Morachtoday: Morach ssov., Kletsk dist., Minsk reg., Belarus
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ Ascension of the Lord OR parish

from 20.06.1926

parish priest — Kachanovichitoday: Kalavuravičy ssov., Pinsk dist., Brest reg., Belarus
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ St Paraskeva Pyatnitsa OR parish ⋄ Pinsk 1st distr.Orthodox deanery name
today: Pinsk dist., Brest reg., Belarus

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.16]
OR deanery

from 1904

parish priest — Udrytsktoday: Mylyach hrom., Sarny rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary OR parish

from 1903

parish priest — Bystrychitoday: Berezhne urban hrom., Rivne rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ St Nicholas the Wonderworker OR parish

parish priest — Karpylivkatoday: Klesiv hrom., Sarny rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]
⋄ St Michael OR parish

1898

presbiter (Eng. priest, i.e. iereus) — Russian Orthodox Church — priesthood cheirotonia, i.e. ordination

till 1896

student — Kremenetstoday: Kremenets urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.18]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Orthodox Theological Seminary — after graduating worked as a primary school teacher for a few years

till 1890

pupil — Klevantoday: Klevan hrom., Rivne rai., Rivne obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]
⋄ Orthodox Theological School

married

sites and events
descriptions

«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20]
)

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
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Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921: War for independence of Poland and its borders. Poland regained independence in 1918 but had to fight for its borders with former imperial powers, in particular Russia. Russia planned to incite Bolshevik‐like revolutions in the Western Europe and thus invaded Poland. Russian invaders were defeated in 08.1920 in a battle called Warsaw battle („Vistula river miracle”, one of the 10 most important battles in history, according to some historians). Thanks to this victory Poland recaptured part of the lands lost during partitions of Poland in XVIII century, and Europe was saved from the genocidal Communism. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20]
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sources

personal:
en.ehu.ltClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26]

bibliographical:
Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th‐21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post–war Poland”, Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonine Troc-Sosna, Warsaw–Bielsk Podlaski 2017
Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933‐1945”, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, ed. Martin Dean, volume II: „Ghettos in German–Occupied Eastern Europe”, part B
Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm

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