function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Tiraspol diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]

honorary titles

Prelate‐archdeacon (Lat. praelati‐archidiaconus)more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14] (Saratov cathedralmore on
diecezja.radiopodlasie.pl
[access: 2012.12.28])

nationality

German

date and place
of death

31.07.1940

Talgartoday: Almaty reg., Kazakhstan
more on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.19]

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

Forced exileClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

1865

Levyanovon. Mariupol
today: Donetsk, Ukraine

alt. dates and places
of birth

Tiegenorttoday: Antonivka, Azov hrom., Rozivka rai., Zaporizhia, Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

05.02.1889

positions held

others related
in death

FEDUKOWICZClick to display biography Andrew

sites and events
descriptions

Forced exile: One of the standard Russian forms of repression. The prisoners were usually taken to a small village in the middle of nowhere — somewhere in Siberia, in far north or far east — dropped out of the train carriage or a cart, left out without means of subsistence or place to live. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

sources

personal:
christking.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.09.02], ru.openlist.wikiClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02], crusader.org.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]
bibliographical:
„Fate of the Catholic clergy in USSR 1917‐1939. Martyrology”, Roman Dzwonkowski, SAC, ed. Science Society KUL, 2003, Lublin
original images:
ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]