function

laybrother

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Society of Christ Fathers for Poles Living Abroad SChrmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
(i.e. Christ Fathers)

date and place
of death

16.04.1945

KL Dachauconcentration camp
today: Dachau, Upper Bavaria reg., Bavaria state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2016.05.30]

alt. dates and places
of death

04.05.1945

details of death

alt. details of death

prisoner camp's numbers

149163Click to display source page (KL DachauClick to display the description)

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

KL DachauClick to display the description, KL NatzweilerClick to display the description, KL Groß‐RosenClick to display the description, PawiakClick to display the description, 07.02.1944 arrestsClick to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, UWZL Potulitz (Lebrechtsdorf)Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

10.10.1919

Psarytoday: Kozienice gm., Kozienice pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

religious vows

29.09.1938 (temporary)

positions held

others related
in death

BYRECKIClick to display biography Simon, DUNAKClick to display biography Boleslav, GŁOWICKIClick to display biography Leo, KRUPIŃSKIClick to display biography Louis

sites and events
descriptions

KL Dachau: KL Dachau in German Bavaria, set up in 1933, became the main German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL for Catholic priests and religious during World War II: On c. 09.11.1940, Reichsführer‐SS Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, Gestapo and German police, as a result of the Vatican's intervention, decided to transfer all clergymen detained in various concentration camps to KL Dachau camp. The first major transports took place on 08.12.1940. In KL Dachau Germans held approx. 3,000 priests, including 1,800 Poles. The priests were forced to slave labor in the Germ. „Die Plantage” — the largest herb garden in Europe, managed by the genocidal SS, consisting of many greenhouses, laboratory buildings and arable land, where experiments with new natural medicines were conducted — for many hours, without breaks, without protective clothing, no food. They slaved in construction, e.g. of camp's crematorium. In the barracks ruled hunger, freezing cold in the winter and suffocating heat during the summer, especially acute in 1941‐1942. Prisoners suffered from bouts of illnesses, including tuberculosis. Many were victims of murderous „medical experiments” — in 11.1942 c. 20 were given phlegmon injections; in 07.1942 to 05.1944 c. 120 were used by for malaria experiments. More than 750 Polish clerics where murdered by the Germans, some brought to Schloss Hartheim euthanasia centre and murdered in gas chambers. At its peak KL Dachau concentration camps’ system had nearly 100 slave labour sub‐camps located throughout southern Germany and Austria. There were c. 32,000 documented deaths at the camp, and thousands perished without a trace. C. 10,000 of the 30,000 inmates were found sick at the time of liberation, on 29.04.1945, by the USA troops… (more on: www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.deClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.05.30])

KL Natzweiler: German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Natzweiler‐Struthof n. Natzweiler in French Vosges Mountains, in operation from 21.05.1941. Liberated by the Allies on 25.11.1944. The total number of prisoners, from many countries, reached an c. 52,000 over the three years. C. 4,500 perished. At liberation the camp was empty — prisoners were moved earlier do satellite camps on the other side of Rhine river, into Germany proper. Keeping the name of KL Natzweiler the camp’s administration was moved to KL Dachau, then to Guttenbach and Binau. More then 20 new camps with KL Natzweiler name (such as Mannheim‐Sandhofen, Kochendorf) were set up, and in the period from 09.1944 to 01.1945 19,833 new prisoners were registered. They were forced to slave for German companies, such as Daimler, Krupp or Mauser, many times in underground bunkers or caves. In 04.1945 in the face of fast approaching Allies prisoners were constantly on the move, from camp to camp, forced to run in „death marches”… (more on: www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.frClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.05.09])

KL Groß‐Rosen: Groß‐Rosen (today: Rogoźnica) was a German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL, founded in the summer of 1940 (first transport of prisoners arrived on 02.08.1940). Initially a branch of KL Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In 1944 became a centre of a network of more than 100 camps. Prisoners were forced to slave at nearby granite quarries, on starvation rations. More than 125,000 prisoners were enslaved — 40,000 victims perished. In 1945 — in „death marches” — Germans dragged through the camp thousands of prisoners from the camp’s in east being one by one overrun by the Russians. The camp itself was captured by the Russians on 14.02.1945. (more on: www.gross-rosen.euClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.07.18], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02])

Pawiak: Investigative prison in Warsaw, built by the Russian occupiers of Poland in 1830‐1835. During the Poland partition's period, a Russian investigative prison, both criminal and political. During World War II and the German occupation, the largest German prison in the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate). Initially, it was subordinate to the Justice Department of the General Governorate, and from 03.1940 Germ. Sicherheitspolizei und des Sicherheitsdienst (Eng. Security Police and Security Service) of the Warsaw District — in particular the German Secret Political Police Gestapo. c. 3,000 prisoners were kept in Pawiak permanently, of which about 2,200 in the men's unit and c. 800 in the women's unit (the so‐called Serbia) — with a „capacity” of c. 1,000 prisoners. In total, in the years 1939‐1944, c. 100,000 Poles passed through the prison, of which c. 37,000 were murdered in executions — from 10.1943 Pawiak prisoners were murdered in open executions on the streets of Warsaw (sometimes several times a day) — during interrogations, in cells or in a prison „hospital”, and c. 60,000 were taken in 95 transports to concentration camps (mainly KL Auischwitz), other places of isolation or to forced labor. The prison Germans demolished during the Warsaw Uprising in 08‐10.1944. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2022.08.17])

07.02.1944 arrests: In apparent in retaliation for the successful attempt on the head of the Warsaw Gestapo and the SS gen. Kutschera (01.02.1944) German political police (Gestapo) arrested many priests and religious in Warsaw, Cracow, Lublin and Radom, including 17 priests, 14 religious and many pupils and staff members of the Fr Siemiec orphans' house run by Salesian Fathers in Warsaw and 14 Vincentian (Lazarists) priests, 5 Vincentian religious and 3 lay people ministering in the Holy Cross church in Warsaw. They were taken to infamous Pawiak prison in Warsaw and next some of them were transported to KL Groß‐Rosen concentration camp.

Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])

UWZL Potulitz (Lebrechtsdorf): In the fall of 1939, after invasion of Poland the Germans — i.e. „East” branch of Treuhandanstalt, Main Trust Office — took over the Society of Christ Fathers for Poles Living Abroad Congregation’s house in Potulice, following eviction of all remaining friars. Initially the SS non‐commissioned officer's school was set up. In 1940, the estate was taken over by the Gdańsk branch of the Germ. Umwandererzentralstelle (Eng. Central Resettlement Office), i.e. UWZ, with HQ in Poznań, subordinate to the Germ. Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers SS (Eng. Security Service of the Reichsführers SS), i.e. SD, and from 01.02.1941 it was used as a temporary UWZL Potulitz camp for Poles prior to resettlement to the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate). In the fall of 1941 it became a subcamp — briefly transformed into the Germ. SS‐Arbeitslager (Eng. SS labor camp) — of the KL Stutthof concentration camp. From 01.02.1941 it formally continued to function as the Germ. Umwandererzentralstelle Lager (Eng. camp of the Central Resettlement Office) UWZL Lebrechtsdorf (in 1942, the Germans changed the name Potulitz to Lebrechstdorf), but practically it operated as the Germ. Arbeitserziehungslager (Eng. educational labor camp), i.e. German a slave labor camp, subordinated to KL Stutthof, where by 1945 over 1,297 Poles died, most of them children. After German defeat and end of World War II hostilities, in 1945‐1950, the Commie‐Nazi authorities set up there Central Labour Camp for Germans. From overall population of c. 34,932 German prisoners c. 4,495 perished, including many children and elderly. From 1950 the buildings were used a prison for Polish political prisoners. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
www3.tchr.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04]