function

laybrother

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Society of Christ Fathers for Poles Living Abroad SChrmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
(i.e. Christ Fathers)

date and place
of death

07.04.1945

KL Natzweiler‐Struthofconcentration camp
today: n. Natzwiller, Bas‐Rhin dep., Grand Est reg., France
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09]

alt. dates and places
of death

1945, 08.04.1945

details of death

prisoner camp's numbers

90574Click to display source page (KL BuchenwaldClick to display the description), 197260Click to display source page (KL AuschwitzClick to display the description)

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

KL NatzweilerClick to display the description, AL Leopard (Plömnitz)Click to display the description, KL BuchenwaldClick to display the description, KL AuschwitzClick to display the description, Regierungsbezirk KattowitzClick to display the description, DL 121 PruszkówClick to display the description, Warsaw UprisingClick to display the description, PawiakClick to display the description, 07.02.1944 arrestsClick to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, UWZL Potulitz (Lebrechtsdorf)Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

01.01.1911

Baryschtoday: Buchach urban hrom., Chortkiv rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]

religious vows

19.03.1938/19.03.1939 (temporary)
19.03.1941 (permanent)

positions held

biography (own resources)

Click to read biography details from our resources

others related
in death

DUNAKClick to display biography Boleslav, GŁOWICKIClick to display biography Leo, KRUPIŃSKIClick to display biography Louis, KOWALCZYKClick to display biography Vladislav

sites and events
descriptions

KL Natzweiler: German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Natzweiler‐Struthof n. Natzweiler in French Vosges Mountains, in operation from 21.05.1941. Liberated by the Allies on 25.11.1944. The total number of prisoners, from many countries, reached an c. 52,000 over the three years. C. 4,500 perished. At liberation the camp was empty — prisoners were moved earlier do satellite camps on the other side of Rhine river, into Germany proper. Keeping the name of KL Natzweiler the camp’s administration was moved to KL Dachau, then to Guttenbach and Binau. More then 20 new camps with KL Natzweiler name (such as Mannheim‐Sandhofen, Kochendorf) were set up, and in the period from 09.1944 to 01.1945 19,833 new prisoners were registered. They were forced to slave for German companies, such as Daimler, Krupp or Mauser, many times in underground bunkers or caves. In 04.1945 in the face of fast approaching Allies prisoners were constantly on the move, from camp to camp, forced to run in „death marches”… (more on: www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.frClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.05.09])

AL Leopard (Plömnitz): German concentration camp Außenlager Leopard in Plömnitz (and nearby Leau, Peißen, Bernburg villages and towns), a sub‐camp of KL Buchenwald concentration camp. Founded on 22.08.1944 and in the first transport on this day filled in with Polish political prisoners arrested during Warsaw Uprising, among others. Initally prisoners lived — it was late autumn and beginning of winter — in tents and until in 01.1945 they constructed wooden barracks. They had to slave at the salt mine run by Solvay company, c. 500 m below the ground, constructing huge halls that were to be used for manufacturing of Juncker airplane parts. The death rate was high. On 08‐12.04.1945 remaining prisoners were marched out of the camp, some of the weaker ones were executed. The camp was liberated on 14.04.1945 by American troops. (more on: asso-buchenwald-dora.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20])

KL Buchenwald: In German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Buchenwald concentration camp, founded in 1937 and operational till 1945, Germans held c. 238,380 prisoners and murdered approx. 56,000 of them, among them thousands of Poles. Prisoners were victims of pseudo‐scientific experiments, conducted among others by Behring‐Werke from Marburg and Robert Koch Institute from Berlin companies. They slaved for Gustloff in Weimar and Fritz‐Sauckel companies manufacturing armaments. To support Erla‐Maschinenwerk GmbH in Leipzig, Junkers in Schönebeck (airplanes) and Rautal in Wernigerode Germans organized special sub‐camps. In 1945 there were more than 100 such sub‐camps. Dora concentration camp was initially one of them, as well as KL Ravensbrück sub‐camps (from 08.1944). On 08.04.1945 Polish prisoner, Mr Guido Damazyn, used clandestinely constructed short wave transmitter to sent, together with a Russian prisoner, a short message begging for help. It was received and he got a reply: „KZ Bu. Hold out. Rushing to your aid. Staff of Third Army” (American). Three days later the camp was liberated. (more on: www.buchenwald.deClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10])

KL Auschwitz: German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL and Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. extermination camp) VL Auschwitz was set up by Germans around 27.01.1940 n. Oświęcim, on the German territory (initially in Germ. Provinz Schlesien — Silesia Province; and from 1941 Germ. Provinz Oberschlesien — Upper Silesia Province). Initially mainly Poles were interned. From 1942 it became the centre for holocaust of European Jews. Part of the KL Auschwitz concentration camps’ complex was Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. extermination camp) VL Auschwitz II Birkenau, located not far away from the main camp. There Germans murder possibly in excess of million people, mainly Jews, in gas chambers. Altogether In excess of 400 priests and religious went through the KL Auschwitz, approx. 40% of which were murdered (mainly Poles). (more on: en.auschwitz.org.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.meczennicy.pelplin.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.07.06])

Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). From two separate new provinces were created. The two remaining were incorporated into existing German provinces. One of those was Polish Upper Silesia, which on 08.09.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), was incorporated into Germany as the Germ. Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz (Eng. Katowice Regency) and became part of the Germ. Provinz Schlesien (Eng. Province of Silesia) based in Wrocław. On 01.04.1940, the Germ. Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz was enlarged by several pre‐war German counties, and on 18.01.1941, a new German province was created, the Germ. Provinz Oberschlesien (Eng. Province of Upper Silesia), which, apart from the Germ. Regierungsbezirk Kattowitz, also included the Opole region. From 26.10.1939, when the regency was established, the law of the German state was in force there, the same as in Berlin. The main axis of the policy of the new regency, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact only 6% of its pre–war Polish part were Germans, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. The main mechanism was the introduction of the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL, a German nationality list that was supposed to specify the national affiliation of the inhabitants of the region. The largest group marked in the compulsory registrations was Group 3, people who identified themselves as „Silesians” (in 1943 about 41%), and people remaining outside the DVL (about 36%). The latter group was intended to be deported to the Germ. Generalgouvernement (which did not happen en masse because German industry needed slave labor). Group 3, considered by the Germans as capable of Germanization, was subject to certain legal restrictions, and was subject to, among others, to conscription into the German Wehrmacht army. Children could only learn in German. A policy of terror was pursued against the Polish population. There was a special police court, controlled by the Germ. Geheime Staatspolizei (Eng. Secret State Police), i.e. the Gestapo, before which c. 4,000‐5,000 people were detained. For the years 1942‐1945 over 2,000 of them were verified, of which 1,890 were sentenced to death, including 286 in public executions. Thousands of people were murdered during the so‐called «Intelligenzaktion Schlesien», including 300‐650 Polish teachers and c. 61 Polish Catholic priests. The regency hosted a German concentration and extermination camp KL Auschwitz, where the Germans imprisoned c. 1,100,000 Jews (murdering c.1,000,000, i.e. c. 90% of them) and c. 140,000 Poles (murdering c. 70,000, i.e. c. 50% of them). After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Fritz Brecht, committed suicide. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.24])

DL 121 Pruszków: Germ. Durchgangslager 121 Pruszków (Eng. Transit Camp) — transit camp where Germans herded Warsaw (and its vicinity) civilian population captured during and after Warsaw Uprising. Set up on 06.01.1944 functioned till 12.1944. C. 390,000‐410,000 people were held captive. Most of them were sent subsequently to concentration camps and forced slave labour in Germany. Few hundred ‐ few thousands of them perished in the camp. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.03.01])

Warsaw Uprising: Lasted from 01.08.1944 till 03.10.1944. Was an attempt to liberate Polish capital from occupying Germans by the Polish Clandestine State — a unique in the history of the world political structure on the territories occupied by the Germans, effectively governing clandestinely in Poland — and by fighting on its behalf underground military units, mainly of Home Army (former Armed Struggle Association ZWZ) and National Armed Forced (NSZ). At the same time Russians stopped on purpose the offensive on all front, halted on the other bank of Vistula river and watched calmly the annihilation of the city, refusing even the mid‐landing rights to the Allied planes carrying weapons and supplies to the insurgents from Italy. During the Uprising Germans murdered approx. 200,000 Poles, mainly civilians. Approx. 200 priests and nuns died in fighting or were murdered by the Germans, many in mass executions. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.17])

Pawiak: Investigative prison in Warsaw, built by the Russian occupiers of Poland in 1830‐1835. During the Poland partition's period, a Russian investigative prison, both criminal and political. During World War II and the German occupation, the largest German prison in the General Government. Initially, it was subordinate to the Justice Department of the General Governorate, and from 03.1940 Germ. Sicherheitspolizei und des Sicherheitsdienst (Eng. Security Police and Security Service) of the Warsaw District — in particular the German Secret Political Police Gestapo. c. 3,000 prisoners were kept in Pawiak permanently, of which about 2,200 in the men's unit and c. 800 in the women's unit (the so‐called Serbia) — with a „capacity” of c. 1,000 prisoners. In total, in the years 1939‐1944, c. 100,000 Poles passed through the prison, of which c. 37,000 were murdered in executions — from 10.1943 Pawiak prisoners were murdered in open executions on the streets of Warsaw (sometimes several times a day) — during interrogations, in cells or in a prison „hospital”, and c. 60,000 were taken in 95 transports to concentration camps (mainly KL Auischwitz), other places of isolation or to forced labor. The prison Germans demolished during the Warsaw Uprising in 08‐10.1944. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2022.08.17])

07.02.1944 arrests: In apparent in retaliation for the successful attempt on the head of the Warsaw Gestapo and the SS gen. Kutschera (01.02.1944) German political police (Gestapo) arrested many priests and religious in Warsaw, Cracow, Lublin and Radom, including 17 priests, 14 religious and many pupils and staff members of the Fr Siemiec orphans' house run by Salesian Fathers in Warsaw and 14 Vincentian (Lazarists) priests, 5 Vincentian religious and 3 lay people ministering in the Holy Cross church in Warsaw. They were taken to infamous Pawiak prison in Warsaw and next some of them were transported to KL Groß‐Rosen concentration camp.

Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])

UWZL Potulitz (Lebrechtsdorf): In the fall of 1939, after invasion of Poland the Germans — i.e. „East” branch of Treuhandanstalt, Main Trust Office — took over the Society of Christ Fathers for Poles Living Abroad Congregation’s house in Potulice, following eviction of all remaining friars. Initially the SS non‐commissioned officer's school was set up. In 1940, the estate was taken over by the Gdańsk branch of the Germ. Umwandererzentralstelle (Eng. Central Resettlement Office), i.e. UWZ, with HQ in Poznań, subordinate to the Germ. Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers SS (Eng. Security Service of the Reichsführers SS), i.e. SD, and from 01.02.1941 it was used as a temporary UWZL Potulitz camp for Poles prior to resettlement to the General Governorate. In the fall of 1941 it became a subcamp — briefly transformed into the Germ. SS‐Arbeitslager (Eng. SS labor camp) — of the KL Stutthof concentration camp. From 01.02.1941 it formally continued to function as the Germ. Umwandererzentralstelle Lager (Eng. camp of the Central Resettlement Office) UWZL Lebrechtsdorf (in 1942, the Germans changed the name Potulitz to Lebrechstdorf), but practically it operated as the Germ. Arbeitserziehungslager (Eng. educational labor camp), i.e. German a slave labor camp, subordinated to KL Stutthof, where by 1945 over 1,297 Poles died, most of them children. After German defeat and end of World War II hostilities, in 1945‐1950, the Commie‐Nazi authorities set up there Central Labour Camp for Germans. From overall population of c. 34,932 German prisoners c. 4,495 perished, including many children and elderly. From 1950 the buildings were used a prison for Polish political prisoners. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
www3.tchr.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.10.04]
bibliographical:
„Martyrology of the Polish Roman Catholic clergy under nazi occupation in 1939‐1945”, Victor Jacewicz, John Woś, vol. I‐V, Warsaw Theological Academy, 1977‐1981
Ms Stanislava Puchała, private correspondence 01.02.2016
„A martyrology of Polish clergy under German occupation, 1939‐1945”, Fr Szołdrski Vladislaus CSSR, Rome 1965