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St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

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  • VYŠNIAUSKAS Joseph, source: www.vle.lt, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOVYŠNIAUSKAS Joseph
    source: www.vle.lt
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surname

VYŠNIAUSKAS

surname
versions/aliases

WISZNIEWSKI

forename(s)

Joseph (pl. Józef)

forename(s)
versions/aliases

Juozapas

function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Vilkaviškis diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2018.09.02]

Sejny diocesemore on
www.catholic-hierarchy.org
[access: 2021.12.19]

honorary titles

Order of the Cross of Vytis II class 3 (Lithuania)
Grand Duke Gediminas Order 4th class (Lithuania)more on
www.vle.lt
[access: 2024.06.21]

Founders–Volunteers of the Lithuanian Army Medal (Lithuania)more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.06.21]

nationality

Lithuanian

date and place
of death

28.01.1949

ITL DubravLagGuLAG slave labour camp network
today: Mordovia rep., Russia

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09]

details of death

In 1919‐1921 chaplain of the Lithuanian army, of the so‐called Kaunas Battalion, later transformed into the 7th Samogitian Infantry Regiment of Prince Butigeidis. The regiment was initially stationed in Kaunas, later in Ukmergė, taking part in clashes with the Poles (earlier, on 19.04.1919, Polish troops entered Vilnius, retaking the city from the Bolshevik Russians, and the Polish–Lithuanian border was located between Vilnius and Ukmergė). On 14.07.1920, during the Polish–Russian war of 1919‐1921, during the Russian offensive, the Russians recaptured Vilnius from the Polish hands. Two days earlier, on 12.07.1920, Lithuanians concluded a peace treaty with the Russians, under which the Russians — if they won the war with the Poles — gave back Vilnius, as well as, among others, Grodno, Polish city, in Lithuanian hands. Immediately afterwards, the Lithuanians, officially declaring neutrality, entered Vilnius and attacked the Poles in the Suwałki region. The 7th Regiment entered Vilnius on 15‐26.08.1920, when a decisive Polish‐Russian battle called the Battle of Warsaw (rightly known as the Miracle on the Vistula) took place further west. During it, the regiment began its march to Grodno, located c. 200 km southwest of Vilnius. It did not arrive because the Battle of Warsaw, which started on c. 15.08.1920, ended with a Russian defeat and a Polish victory. The regiment returned to Vilnius, but on 09.10.1920 had to flee the city due to the attack by Polish troops, as part of the so‐called Żeligowski's rebellion.

Prob. participated in the entire campaign of this regiment and in 02.1921 was released from the army.

After the German and Russian attack on Poland in 09.1939 and the start of World War II, after the German attack on 22.06.1941 on the erstwhile ally, the Russians — who had occupied Lithuania since 1940 — and the start of the German occupation, was supposed to hide a Jewish family in his house.

In 1944, after the German defeat and the beginning of the next Russian occupation, became the chaplain of the underground Lithuanian partisan unit „Žalgiris”.

Arrested by the Russians on 27.04.1948.

On 10.07.1948 for collaboration with Lithuanian anti–Russian partisans — celebrating Holy Mass among others, possessing anti–Russian literature and Lithuanian flag — sentenced by the Russians to 10 years of slave labour in Russian concentration camps Gulag.

Held in ITL DubravLag concentration camp in Mordovia republic where perished in unknown circumstances.

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

ITL DubravLagClick to display the description, OsobLagsClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

10.01.1881

Meškučiaitoday: Mariampol eld., Mariampol dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

28.02.1904

positions held

1936 – 1948

priest — Ilguvatoday: Kriūkai eld., Šakiai dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
⋄ RC parish ⋄ Šakiaitoday: Suginčiai eld., Molėtai dist., Utena Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
RC deanery — resident–altarist

1923 – 1936

parish priest — Ilguvatoday: Kriūkai eld., Šakiai dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
⋄ RC parish ⋄ Šakiaitoday: Suginčiai eld., Molėtai dist., Utena Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.07.31]
RC deanery

1922 – 1923

parish priest — Skriaudžiaitoday: Veiveriai eld., Prienai dist., Kaunas Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
⋄ St Lawrence the Martyr RC parish ⋄ Prienaitoday: Prienai eld., Prienai dist., Kaunas Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
RC deanery

1921 – 1922

parish priest — Aleksotastoday: district of Kaunas, Kaunas city dist., Kaunas Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
⋄ RC parish ⋄ Kaunastoday: Kaunas city dist., Kaunas Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
RC deanery — church builder

1919 – 1921

chaplain — Lithuanian Army

1912 – 1919

priest — (Canada territory)today: Canada
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.11.24]
— among Lithuanian diaspora, i.a. in Montreal

till 1912

student — Munichtoday: Bavaria state, Germany
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.04.12]
⋄ theology and philosophy, Germ. Ludwig–Maximilians–Universität (Eng. Ludwig Maximilian University)

from 1906

student — Fribourgtoday: Fribourg can., Switzerland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.25]
⋄ theology and philosophy, Lat. Universitas Friburgensis (Eng. University of Fribourg)

till 1906

vicar — Liubavastoday: Liubavas eld., Kalvarija dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
⋄ Holy Trinity RC parish ⋄ Kalvarijatoday: Kalvarija eld., Marijampolė dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
RC deanery

priest — Plutiškėstoday: Plutiškės eld., Kazlų Rūda dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
lt.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.02.15]
⋄ St Joseph Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC church ⋄ Prienaitoday: Prienai eld., Prienai dist., Kaunas Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
, Epiphany of the Lord RC parish ⋄ Marijampolėtoday: Marijampolė eld., Marijampolė dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.13]
RC deanery

vicar — Keturvalakiaitoday: Keturvalakiai eld., Vilkaviškis dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.06.29]
⋄ Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Vilkaviškistoday: Vilkaviškis urban eld., Vilkaviškis dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.13]
RC deanery

vicar — Gelgaudiškistoday: Gelgaudiškis eld., Šakiai dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.13]
⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC parish ⋄ Vladislavovastoday: Kudirkos Naumiestis, Kudirkos Naumiestis eld., Šakiai dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.13]
RC deanery

vicar — Puńsktoday: Puńsk gm., Sejny pov., Podlaskie voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.13]
⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Suwałkitoday: Suwałki city pov., Podlaskie voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
RC deanery

vicar — Marijampolėtoday: Marijampolė eld., Marijampolė dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.13]
⋄ St Michael the Archangel RC parish ⋄ Marijampolėtoday: Marijampolė eld., Marijampolė dist., Marijampolė Cou., Lithuania
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.11.13]
RC deanery

1899 – 1903

student — Sejnytoday: Sejny urban gm., Sejny pov., Podlaskie voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Theological Seminary

others related
in death

KRŪVELISClick to display biography Martin, URBONAVIČIUSClick to display biography Justin

sites and events
descriptions

ITL DubravLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Дубравный (Eng. Dubravniy) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Yavas in Republic of Mordovia. Founded on 28.02.1948, in place of ITL TemLag camp, and until 1954 also functioning as the Rus. Особый лагерь (Eng. Special camp) GULAG No. 3. Prisoners slaved at operating the Temnykovskiy industrial complex built by ITL TemLag prisoners: sewing factories, woodworking plants (e.g. furniture production), factories producing building materials (bricks, tiles, lime, building stone), railway lines, energy plants, peat extraction, wood chemical plants, etc. At its peak — till the death on 05.03.1953 of Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin — c. 26,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 23,273 (01.01.1949); 23,532 (01.01.1950); 23,541 (01.01.1951); 25,616 (01.01.1952); 20,680 (01.01.1953); 16,980 (01.01.1954). Formally closed its operations in 1960, but political prisoners were held there for many years later — among them Ukrainian priests and Russian dissidents — until its final closure in the second half of the 1980s. (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08]
, archive.khpg.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21]
)

OsobLags: Pursuant to Decree No. 416‐159сс dated 21.02.1948 of the Russian government, the Russian criminal organization MVD (successor to the NKVD) issued a Decree No. 00219 of 28.02.1948 establishing a separate network of camps within the Gulag system for a „special group” of political prisoners sentenced under Art. 58 of the Penal Code (referring to „enemies of the people”, i.e. accused of treason, espionage, terrorism, etc.) Initially, the group of camps included the ITL MinLag, ITL GorLag, ITL DubravLag, ITL StepLag and ITL BerLag concentration camps. Later, the following ones were added: ITL RechLag, ITL OzerLag, ITL PeschanŁag, ITL LugLag, ITL Kamyshlag, ITL DalLag, ITL VodorazDelLag. After the death of the Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin, in 1953, the three largest revolts in the history of the Gulag took place there: the Norilsk Uprising, the Vorkuta Uprising and the Kengir Uprising. In c. 1954 the camps were converted into standard correctional camps. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26]
)

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08]
)

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

sources

personal:
www.lkma.ltClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.09.02]
, archyvas.istorijoszurnalas.ltClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.09.02]
, www.vle.ltClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.21]

original images:
www.vle.ltClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.21]
, www.news.ltClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.21]

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MARTYROLOGY: VYŠNIAUSKAS Joseph

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