function

eparchial priest

creed

Ukrainian Greek Catholic GCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

diocese / province

Przemyśl GC eparchymore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

nationality

Ukrainian

date and place
of death

27.06.1941

Sambirtoday: Sambir urban hrom., Sambir rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.02.12]

alt. dates and places
of death

Tyrawa Wołoskatoday: Tyrawa Wołoska gm., Sanok pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09]
Drohobychtoday: Drohobych urban hrom., Drohobych rai., Lviv obl., Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09]

details of death

alt. details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

Prison massacres — Sambir 06.1941Click to display the description, Prison massacres — Drohobych 06.1941Click to display the description, 06.1941 massacres (NKVD)Click to display the description, Drohobych (prisons)Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919Click to display the description

date and place
of birth

25.04.1900

Brzegi Górnetoday: Lutowiska gm., Bieszczady pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

15.02.1925 (Greek Catholic Przemyśl cathedral)

positions held

others related
in death

ANDREJCZUKClick to display biography Peter, KOLIDAClick to display biography Sophronius, DANIŁKOWClick to display biography John, GOSZKAClick to display biography George, GRYNIKClick to display biography Nicholas, KIEBUZClick to display biography John, LIACHClick to display biography Paul, MAKARClick to display biography Stephen, OSIDACZClick to display biography Roman, ZAWOROTIUKClick to display biography Michael

sites and events
descriptions

Prison massacres — Sambir 06.1941: After German attack of Russians on 22.06.1941 Russians murdered prisoners held in Sambir prison. Prison held more than 1,310 inmates (on 10.06.1941, later, after German attack, many others from nearby villages were brought in and Russians did not even manage to register them). Right after German invasion Russians started to murder prisoners. For 5 days, without a break, a „military court” sat in prison, a prisoners in groups of 5‐10 inmates were summarily sentenced to death and next led to the basement and murdered by a shot to the back of the head. Prob. half of prisoners were murdered this way. On c. 26‐27.06.1941 an order to speed up execution was issued. C. 50 prisoners were brought to the internal square and machine gunned from watchtowers, followed by grenade shelling. Some inmates survived and led to a mutiny. For next days Russians surrounded the prison and shot at random. And then escaped from the town. It is estimated that Russians managed to murder c. 600‐700 prisoners, mainly Ukrainians and Poles. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26])

Prison massacres — Drohobych 06.1941: After German attack of Russians on 22.06.1941 Russians murdered prisoners held in Drohobych Stryjska Str. investigative jail. The exact number of victims remains unknown — after German attack Russians brought many prisoners (c. 300) from nearby villages and did not even manage to register them. In the last days of 06.1941 Russian genocidal NKVD forced the prisoners onto the prison yard informing the inmates of impending release. When all congregated there from the guard towers they were slaughter by machine guns fire. Under stack of bodies four people survived. Altogether Russians together with a number of Jews eagerly helping them murdered then c. 1,200 people (though some might have been murdered earlier). (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2017.03.24])

06.1941 massacres (NKVD): After German attack of Russian‐occupied Polish territory and following that of Russia itself, before a panic escape, Russians murdered — in accordance with the genocidal order issued on 24.06.1941 by the Russian interior minister Lawrence Beria to murder all prisoners (formally „sentenced” for „counter‐revolutionary activities”, „anti‐Russian acts”, sabotage and diversion, and political prisoners „in custody”), held in NKVD‐run prisons in Russian occupied Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia — c. 40,000‐50,000 prisoners. In addition Russians murdered many thousands of victims arrested after German attack regarding them as „enemies of people” — those victims were not even entered into prisons’ registers. Most of them were murdered in massacres in the prisons themselves, the others during so‐called „death marches” when the prisoners were driven out east. After Russians departure and start of German occupation a number of spontaneous pogroms of Jews took place. Many Jews collaborated with Russians and were regarded as co‐responsible for prison massacres. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19])

Drohobych (prisons): Before the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939 a criminal prison functioned at Drohobych Truskawiecka Str. where c. 1,200‐1,500 inmates were held. After the start in 09.1939 of the first Russian occupation a new jail run by Russian NKVD genocidal organization was opened at Striyska Str. (by regional NKVD headquarters). There in 06.1941, after German attack of their erstwhile ally, Russians, NKVD perpetrated a genocidal massacre of prisoners. After German defeat and start in 1944 of another Russian occupation NKVD returned to the same buildings and again opened their jail, where hundreds and thousands of people suspected of not supporting Russia were held and interrogated. The jail was closed in 1959. The prison at Truskawiecka Str. however remained open throughout the World War II, both during Russian and German occupations, stayed open after the end of military hostilities and operates till today. (more on: btx.home.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.04.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919: One of the wars for borders of the newly reborn Poland. At the end of 1918 on the former Austro‐Hungarian empire’s territory, based on the Ukrainian military units of the former Austro‐Hungarian army, Ukrainians waged war against Poland. In particular attempted to create foundation of an independent state and attacked Lviv. Thanks to heroic stance of Lviv inhabitants, in particular young generation of Poles — called since then Lviv eaglets — the city was recaptured by Poles and for a number of months successfully defended against furious Ukrainian attacks. In 1919 Poland — its newly created army — pushed Ukrainian forces far to the east and south, regaining control over its territory. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2017.05.20])

sources

personal:
www.vox-populi.com.uaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.03.01], docplayer.netClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26]
bibliographical:
„Clergy of Przemyśl Eparchy and Apostolic Exarchate of Lemkivshchyna”, Bogdan Prach, Ukrainian Catholic University Publishing House, Lviv 2015
Mr Walter Zelwak, private correspondence, 02.03.2024
original images:
docplayer.netClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26]