function

eparchial priest

creed

Ukrainian Greek Catholic GCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

diocese / province

Przemyśl GC eparchymore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

honorary titles

canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]

nationality

Ukrainian

date and place
of death

08.06.1952

ITL DubravLagGuLAG slave labour camp network
today: Mordovia rep., Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.09]

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

ITL DubravLagClick to display the description, OsobLagsClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description, Drohobych (prisons)Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, IL ThalerhofClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

09.09.1878

Staryavatoday: Khyriv urban hrom., Sambir rai., Lviv, Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

04.09.1910 (Greek Catholic Przemyśl cathedral)

positions held

others related
in death

MEKIELITAClick to display biography Peter, MARUSZCZAKClick to display biography Vladimir, OCZABRUKClick to display biography Emilian, CEHELSKIClick to display biography Nicholas Sava Josaphat, CIELISZCZUKClick to display biography Dennis, CZECHOWSKIClick to display biography Steven, DAWIDZIUKClick to display biography Theodore, HORCZYŃSKIClick to display biography Omelian, TEODOROWICZ–POLIAŃSKAClick to display biography Mary (Sr Monica)

sites and events
descriptions

ITL DubravLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Дубравный (Eng. Dubravniy) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Yavas in Republic of Mordovia. Founded on 28.02.1948, in place of ITL TemLag camp, and until 1954 also functioning as the Rus. Особый лагерь (Eng. Special camp) GULAG No. 3. Prisoners slaved at operating the Temnykovskiy industrial complex built by ITL TemLag prisoners: sewing factories, woodworking plants (e.g. furniture production), factories producing building materials (bricks, tiles, lime, building stone), railway lines, energy plants, peat extraction, wood chemical plants, etc. At its peak — till the death on 05.03.1953 of Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin — c. 26,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 23,273 (01.01.1949); 23,532 (01.01.1950); 23,541 (01.01.1951); 25,616 (01.01.1952); 20,680 (01.01.1953); 16,980 (01.01.1954). Formally closed its operations in 1960, but political prisoners were held there for many years later — among them Ukrainian priests and Russian dissidents — until its final closure in the second half of the 1980s. (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08], archive.khpg.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21])

OsobLags: Pursuant to Decree No. 416‐159сс dated 21.02.1948 of the Russian government, the Russian criminal organization MVD (successor to the NKVD) issued a Decree No. 00219 of 28.02.1948 establishing a separate network of camps within the Gulag system for a „special group” of political prisoners sentenced under Art. 58 of the Penal Code (referring to „enemies of the people”, i.e. accused of treason, espionage, terrorism, etc.) Initially, the group of camps included the ITL MinLag, ITL GorLag, ITL DubravLag, ITL StepLag and ITL BerLag concentration camps. Later, the following ones were added: ITL RechLag, ITL OzerLag, ITL PeschanŁag, ITL LugLag, ITL Kamyshlag, ITL DalLag, ITL VodorazDelLag. After the death of the Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin, in 1953, the three largest revolts in the history of the Gulag took place there: the Norilsk Uprising, the Vorkuta Uprising and the Kengir Uprising. In c. 1954 the camps were converted into standard correctional camps. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26])

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

Drohobych (prisons): Before the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939 a criminal prison functioned at Drohobych Truskawiecka Str. where c. 1,200‐1,500 inmates were held. After the start in 09.1939 of the first Russian occupation a new jail run by Russian NKVD genocidal organization was opened at Striyska Str. (by regional NKVD headquarters). There in 06.1941, after German attack of their erstwhile ally, Russians, NKVD perpetrated a genocidal massacre of prisoners. After German defeat and start in 1944 of another Russian occupation NKVD returned to the same buildings and again opened their jail, where hundreds and thousands of people suspected of not supporting Russia were held and interrogated. The jail was closed in 1959. The prison at Truskawiecka Str. however remained open throughout the World War II, both during Russian and German occupations, stayed open after the end of military hostilities and operates till today. (more on: btx.home.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.04.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

IL Thalerhof: Germ. „Internierungslager” (Eng. „Internment camp”) for Rusyns and Lemkovs for Galicia and Bukovina, accused of „ Moscow sympathies”, set up by Austro‐Hungarian Empire in war with Russian Empire, built n. Graz in Austria (on the lands Graz airport today is located on), and operational during World War I, from 04.09.1914 to c. 10.05.1917. Altogether 14,000‐20,000, including more than 350 priest of Greek Catholic Church — prisoner were held captive. Prisoners were subjected to very harsh, inhumane conditions. During first year there were no barracks and internees had to sleep on the ground. Typhus and cholera outbreaks were noted. Austrians recorded 1.757 death cases. Other sources claim 3,000. Executions were also carried out there. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

sources

personal:
dlibra.kul.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26]
bibliographical:
„Clergy of Przemyśl Eparchy and Apostolic Exarchate of Lemkivshchyna”, Bogdan Prach, Ukrainian Catholic University Publishing House, Lviv 2015