function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Churchmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Culm (Chełmno) diocesemore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2012.11.23]

honorary titles

Papal chamberlainmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.22]
prelatemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14]
protonotary apostolicmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.22]
Knight's Cross „Polonia Restituta”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
„Medal of Independence”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.02.02]
Silver „Cross of Merit”more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]
Badge of the Pomeranian Military Organization 1918—1920

date and place of death

29.09.1939

Bydgoszcztoday: Bydgoszcz city pow., Kuyavia–Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.20

alt. dates and places of death

20.09.1939, 27.09.1939, 10/11.1939

Fordontoday: district of Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz city pow., Kuyavia–Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.02

details of death

cause of death

murder

perpetrators

Germans

date and place of birth

19.10.1871

Mikołajkitoday: Mikołajki gm., Mrągowo pow., Warmia–Masuria voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18

alt. dates and places of birth

18.10.1871

presbyter (holy orders)/
ordination

23.03.1896 (Pelplintoday: Pelplin gm., Tczew pow., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.05.06)

positions held

others related in death

JAKUBOWSKIClick to display biography John, ŁASKIClick to display biography Louis, SZAREKClick to display biography Peter, WIOREKClick to display biography Stanislaus

murder sites
camps (+ prisoner no)

Fordon: In the „Valley of Death” in Fordon, where from 10.10.1939 till 11.11.1939 Germans murdered — as a part of „Intelligenzaktion” aimed at extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes in Pomerania — 1,200‑3,000 Poles from Bydgoszcz, mainly from intelligentsia. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2012.11.23)

Tryszczyn: In the vicinity of Tryszczyn (10 km from Bydgoszcz) Germans — as a part of „Intelligenzaktion” aimed at extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes in Pomerania — murdered from 09.1939 till 10.1939 approx. 900 inhabitants of Bydgoszcz and surrounding villages. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2021.12.19)

IL Bydgoszcz-barracks: Germ. „Internierungslager” (Eng. „Internee camp”) set up on 05.09.1939 — the day Germans took over Bydgoszcz — in 15 Greater Poland Light Artillery Regiment military barracks at 147 Gdańska str. in Bydgoszcz. In 09.1939 only c. 3,500 Poles were jailed there. Prisoners were held in f. stables or f. armory building. They were maltreated and tortured. Some were shot on the spot (c. 28 victims in 09.1939). Next they were sent to concentration camps throughout Germany. Some were taken to mass execution sites in nearby forests and murdered. On 01.11.1939 the camp was moved to f. ammunition warehouses in Jachcice town district. The camp was closed in 12.1939. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2015.09.30)

Intelligenzaktion: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‑called General Governorate where it was called AB‑aktion. During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2014.10.04)

Ribbentrop-Molotov: Genocidal Russian–German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the II World War in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so–called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti–Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislaus Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German–Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called Intelligenzaktion, in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian–German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2015.09.30)

Thomas Zan Societies: Secret societies of Polish youth, aiming at self–education, patriotic in form and content, functioning 1830‑1920, in mutiny against enforced Germanisation and censure of Polish culture, mainly in secondary schools — gymnasia — mainly in Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and later in Silesia. The first groups were formed in 1817. In 1897 a congress in Bydgoszcz was held when rules of clandestine activities were formulated. At other congress in Bydgoszcz in Poznań a „Red Rose” society was formed, heading all others groups in various gymnasiums and coordinating their activities. In 1900 „Red Rose” consolidated Philomaths organizations from Pomerania as well. After Toruń trial of Pomeranian Philomaths in Toruń Germans arrested 24 members of Thomas Zan Society from Gniezno. 21 of them were sentenced up to 6 weeks in prison and reprimands. All were relegated from schools without the right to continue education in secondary and higher schools in Prussia. Despite repression the Societies existed till 1918 and rebirth of Poland. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2021.12.19)

Pomeranian Philomaths: Secret societies of Polish youth, aiming at self–education, patriotic in form and content, functioning 1830‑1920, mainly in secondary schools — gymnasia — in Pomerania around Vistula river (Gdańsk Pomerania and Chełmno county), in Prussian–occupied Polish territories (one of the partitions of Poland). On 08.01.1901 Germans conducted a series of interrogations of students at Chełmno, Brodnica and Toruń gymnasiums. On 09‑12.09.1901 the first of court trials of Polish students from those gymnasiums and students of Theological Seminary in Pelplin was held in Toruń. 1 person was sentenced to 3 months in prison, 1 to 2 months, 3 to 6 weeks, 7 to 3 weeks, 2 to 2 weeks, 19 to a week, 2 to 1 day, 10 were reprimanded. 15 were cleared. More definitive penalties were relegations from the schools with so‑called wolf’s ticket, forbidding sentenced students to continue secondary and higher studies in Prussia (Germany). Among those penalized were a few future Catholic priests — those were able to continue their education for the Chełmno diocese bishop, Bp August Rosentreter, refused to relegate students from Theological Seminary. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2018.11.18)

sources

personal:
pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2012.11.23, www.niedziela.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2012.12.28, www.mikolaj.bydgoszcz.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2015.09.30, www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2015.09.30, www.kpbc.ukw.edu.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2014.10.04,
original images:
commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2015.09.30, www.mikolaj.bydgoszcz.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2014.10.31, pliki.divart.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2018.11.18, www.mikolaj.bydgoszcz.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2014.10.31, www.mikolaj.bydgoszcz.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2014.10.31, libermortuorum.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2018.11.18, commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2015.09.30, pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2015.09.30, www.mikolaj.bydgoszcz.plClick to attempt to display webpageaccess: 2014.10.31