Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland
XX century (1914 – 1989)
personal data
surname
SKULIMOWSKI
surname
versions/aliases
SKIELMOWSKI
forename(s)
Stanislav (pl. Stanisław)
function
diocesan priest
creed
Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]
diocese / province
Lublin diocesemore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
RC Military Ordinariate of Polandmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]
date and place
of death
02.02.1944
Borówtoday: Annopol gm., Kraśnik pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.29]
details of death
From 1921 was the parish priest of Borów, in Janów County, in the Polish Lublin Voivodeship. In 1939 it was quite a large parish with 5,560 faithful, although in Borów itself, where the church was located, there lived c. 1,100 Roman Catholic Poles only — in addition, the village was inhabited by c. 10 Orthodox Ukrainians and c. 50 Jews. Borów, located c. 4 km east of the Vistula River, is on the western edge of a belt of forests c. 120 km long and 20 km wide, stretching from the Vistula south‐east to Lviv, part of which are the Janów Forests and the Solska Forest.
After the German and Russian invasion of the Poland in 09.1939 and the start of World War II, the Germans entered Borów on c. 12‐13.09.1939. The German occupation began. Borów found itself in the Germ. Kreishauptmannschaft Kraśnik (Eng. Kraśnik County), within the Germ. Distrikt Lublin (Eng. Lublin District), which was part of the German‐occupied and run quasi‐state called the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), i.e. GG.
The Germ. SS‐ und Polizeiführer (Eng. SS and Police Commander) in the Germ. Distrikt Lublin, and de facto deputy governor of this district, was one of the greatest criminals in human history, the Austrian, Odilo Lotario Globočnik, whom one historian described as „the most vile individual in the most vile organization that has ever existed”.
In the first years of the war, Poles were subjected to particular repressions. Details were worked out — as part of the implementation of the provisions of the genocidal friendship treaties between Germany and Russia, which went down in history as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pacts — at four so‐called thematic conferences, when the Germ. Geheime Staatspolizei (Eng. Secret State Police), i.e. the Gestapo, and the Rus. Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел (Eng. People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs), i.e. the NKVD, two genocidal allied organizations, debated cooperation and ways of combating and exterminating Poles in the territories they occupied. The first took place on 27.11.1939 in Brest‐on‐the‐Bug; the second one immediately afterwards in Przemyśl. The third one took place on 20.02.1940 in Zakopane, in the villas „Pan Tadeusz” (Eng. „Sir Thaddeus”) and „Telimena”, the fourth in 03.1940 in Kraków. In the meantime, at the beginning of 02.1940, in Hermann Göring's hunting lodge in Rominty in the Romincka Forest, a meeting of two génocidaires, Heinrich Himmler and Lavrentiy Beria, took place, where the decision to exterminate Polish society and combat the Polish resistance movement was probably finalized. As a consequence, in 04.1940, almost simultaneously, the genocidal murders of Polish prisoners of war began in Russia, which went down in history as the «Katyn genocide», and in the German‐occupied GG, the Germ. Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion (Eng. Extraordinary Pacification Action) began, i.e. «Aktion AB», which was part of the so‐called Germ. «Intelligenzaktion» (Eng. Operation Intelligentsia), aimed at exterminating Polish political and intellectual elites.
In 1939‐1941, his parish was — for a time — somewhat on the sidelines of major political events, off the beaten track and communication lines. Prob. it became imperative to help the families of Polish soldiers who did not return to their family homes after the defensive war of 09.1939. Prob. was also necessary to help deportees from the Polish western and northern voivodeships, which were directly incorporated into the German Reich, as its new provinces, or included as parts of existing ones. Thousands of Poles appeared in the Lublin region — thrown out by the Germans from trains, sometimes into the open fields. In particular, from 04.12.1939 to 1941, the Germans evicted into the GG from the so‐called In the Germ. Reichsgau Wartheland (Eng. Reich Wartheland province), a new province created in German–occupied Greater Poland, over 280,000 Poles. By the end of 12.1939, during the exceptionally cold winter of 1939/1940, a total of 87,883 people were deported in c. 80 transports. The deportations particularly affected entrepreneurs, landowners, townspeople, along with entire families, whose property and apartments were robbed, and in their place were brought — pursuant of the aforementioned Molotov–Ribbentrop Pacts — Germans from the Russian‐occupied Baltic countries, Volyn, Galicia, Podlasya, and later even from Bessarabia. The displacements and deportations were part of the German plan Germ. Generalsiedlungsplan (Eng. General Resettlement Plan), i.e. Germanization of the occupied Polish lands. Some of these unfortunates may have found themselves in his parish.
At the turn of 1941/1942, the Germans began implementing the genocidal plan Germ. «Endlösung der Judenfrage» (Eng. Final Solution of the Jewish Question), i.e. the physical extermination of the Jewish population. The Jews from his parish were transported in 1942 to a ghetto in Zaklików, c. 15 km to the east, on the outskirts of the Janowskie Forests. In Zaklików, there was a railway station where Jews were loaded onto freight trains and transported to the Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. extermination camp) VL Belzec, founded by the aforementioned genocide perpetrator, Odilo Globočnik, in the village of Bełżec, on the border of the Germ. Distrikt Lublin and the Germ. Distrikt Galizien (Eng. District of Galicia). The guard and execution functions in VL Belzec were performed by Germ. SS‐Wachmannschaften (Eng. SS Guard Teams), trained in the Germ. SS‐Ausbildungslager Trawniki (Eng. SS Training Camp Trawniki), mainly Ukrainians. Jews from Borów were murdered in VL Belzec.
A few Jews managed to avoid extermination. They hid in the forests, with Polish farmers, without whom their survival was impossible. Help was extended to them despite the fact that from 15.10.1941, the German „law on residence restrictions” in the GG was in force, signed by the Germ. Generalgouverneur (Eng. Governor General) of the GG, Hans Frank, according to which „Jews who leave their designated district without authorization are subject to the death penalty. The same punishment applies to persons who knowingly provide such Jews with a hiding place”, and „Instigators and helpers are subject to the same punishment as the perpetrator; an attempted act will be punished as a completed act. In less serious cases, heavy imprisonment may be imposed”. There is a well‐known case of the Likos family — Peter, Apolonia and their daughter Natalie — who hid a dozen or so Jews in Opoka Duża, c. 8 km from Borów. As a result of a denunciation, the Likos couple, along with one Jewish woman, were murdered by the Germans and Ukrainian policemen. The remaining Jews survived.
In 12.1942, Germ. SS‐ und Polizeiführer Odilo Globočnik shifted his main focus to the Germ. Aktion Zamość (Eng. Operation Zamość), a series of displacement and pacification operations of Polish villages in the Zamość region, in the Germ. Distrikt Lublin, as part of the Germ. Generalplan Ost (Eng. General Plan Eastern), a German settlement and Germanization program — another variation of the aforementioned Germ. Generalsiedlungsplan — in order to gain Germ. Lebensraum (Eng. living space) for the Germ. Herrenvolk (Eng. master race). The intention was to displace hundreds of thousands of Poles and bring in German colonists in their place. In total, the Germans managed, with the help of Ukrainian collaborators, to displace 100,000‐110,000 Poles, including 30,000 children, some of whom — considered the most „pure” racially — were taken from their parents and handed over to families deep in Germany.
But not everything went according to the Germans" plans. The first stage of the Germ. Aktion Zamość began on 28.11.1942, and encompassed 116 Polish villages, of which c. 21% of the displaced were designated for extermination and sent to concentration camps. The stage ended on 03.03.1943. However, it was met with an armed reaction from Polish partisan forces, grouped mainly in the Solski Forest, an extension of the Janów Forests — units of the Home Army AK, the Peasant Batallions BCh (part of the Polish Clandestine State), and the Commie‐Nazi People's Guard GL. In 12.1942, the Zamość Uprising began, in which the Polish partisans responded to the displacement by attacking villages of German and Ukrainian colonists.
So it was only in 06.1943, when the VL Belzec extermination camp ceased its „operations”, that the Germans began the second phase of the Germ. Aktion Zamość, codenamed Germ. Aktion Werwolf (Eng. Operation Werewolf). It was intended to lead not only to the displacement of all Poles, but also to the German colonization of the „cleansed area” and the creation of a protection zone, a barrier of villages in which a German‐friendly Ukrainian community was to be settled. This part of the operation was carried out under the codename Germ. „Ukraineraktion” (Eng. „Operation Ukrainians”).
At the same time, the Germans began large‐scale deportations of able‐bodied men and boys — often captured in the ad hoc roundups — to forced labor deep into Germany. This was carried out i.a. in the Germ. Distrikt Lublin in the summer of 1943.
The result of these actions was an increase in the numbers and activity of Polish partisans, mainly belonging to the Polish Clandestine State, but also of the National Armed Forces NSZ, which recognized the authority of the Polish government operating in London but did not recognize the structures of the Polish Clandestine State. At the same time, the NSZ considered both Germany and Russia to be enemies, while even the London government considered Russia an „ally of our allies”.
The base of support for the NSZ partisans were Polish villages, including those in the western part of the Janów Forests. Borów played a special role, becoming, in the opinion of many, the „capital of the NSZ”. Nearby was the headquarters of the 1st Regiment of the Vistula Legion of the Lublin Region of the NSZ, whose soldiers and commander — a parachutist from the Polish Armed Forces in the West, i.e. the so‐called „silent and unseen”, Major Leonard Zub‐Zdanowicz, nom de guerre Pl. „Ząb” (Eng. „Tooth”) — often appeared in the village.
Was a chaplain of the resistace NSZ, with the rank of captain. Participated in the consecration of the banner of the aforementioned Regiment, presided over solemn Masses which the Regiment attended, and participated in processions and parades organized by the Regiment.
The NSZ not only attacked German posts and units, but also attacked Russian partisans and units of the Commie‐Nazi GL, considering them allies of the Russian occupier and agressor. In particular, on 09.08.1943, an NSZ unit attacked a GL unit near Borów and executed c. 26‐28 captured GL partisans. In assessing this form of NSZ activity, it is worth remembering that it was consistent with the applicable law of the Republic of Poland.
In 09.1943, the Germ. SS‐ and Polizeiführer, the genocide killer Globočnik, already „for his merits” in the rank of SS‐Gruppenführer, was replaced by another genocide killer, also an SS‐Gruppenführer, Jakob Sporrenberg, who, in his first action in 11.1943, the Germ. Aktion Erntefest (Eng. Operations Thanksgiving), ordered the murder of the remaining c. 40,000 Jews, held in several concentration camps in the Germ. Distrikt Lublin. Then he decided to attack villages that were the base of Polish partisan units.
The largest of them was carried out in the middle of winter, at the beginning of 02.1944, in several villages near Borów. Several thousand soldiers of the German army Wehrmacht, Gestapo, German gendarmerie and genocidal units of the genocidal Germ. Die Schutzstaffel der NSDAP (Eng. NSDAP Protection Squad), i.e. «SS», a paramilitary formation subordinate to the ruling National Socialist German Workers' Party NSDAP — including a unit of the Germ. Galizisches SS Freiwilligen Regiment 5 — Polizei (Eng. 5th Galician SS Volunteer Regiment — police), formed from Ukrainian volunteers not accepted into the Germ. 14. Waffen–Grenadier–Division der SS (Eng. 14th Grenadier Division of the Waffen SS), known as the «SS‐Galizien», and the collaborationist Germ. Russische Befreiungsarmee (Eng. Russian Liberation Army), i.e. the Vlasovites, supported by artillery, aircraft, tanks, and armored vehicles, surrounded and captured defenseless villages. Aerial reconnaissance was carried out the day before the action.
The reason for the action was, according to some studies, the refusal of the Polish independence organizations NSZ and AK to cooperate with the Germans to combat communist partisans; according to others, a denunciation from communist–leaning members of the BCh.
The attack took place on the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord, also known as the Feast of Candlemas, when the residents of Borów were gathering in the parish church. The entire area was surrounded by a ring of troops.
According to surviving witnesses, the faithful left the church in panic. He remained alone inside.
The church, along with the tabernacle, was desecrated, c. 300 inhabitants were murdered, and the village was burned.
Because frosts and snow fell after the pacification, the scale of the murders was realized only after a few weeks. A witness described what he saw on 23.02.1944: „Not a single house or farm building escaped the conflagration. The sight was simply awful. Human and cattle corpses were lying everywhere, mostly burnt, and the terrible smell of burnt meat constantly hanging over the ruins, so familiar to me from the extermination camp in Treblinka [i.e. the penal Germ. Arbeitslager (Eng. labor camp) AL Treblinka for Poles, located near the German extermination camp VL Treblinka, already liquidated at that time, on whose grounds, however, the bodies of about 800,000 murdered Jews were still being burned] […] I wanted to leave this testimony of Polish martyrdom as quickly as possible” (from the memoirs of Joseph Poray–Wybranowski).
The charred body of a priest was found near the church.
In total, during the Germ. Aktion (Eng. Operation) the Germans murdered c. 1,300 people, including at least 300 children. „Reactionary groups and villages suffered serious blows from the Germans”, wrote Miechislav Moczar, one of the leaders of the Commie‐Nazi partisans, a Russian GRU intelligence agent and later the Commie‐Nazi Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Polish Republic prl, in a report dated 01.03.
1944 — with apparent satisfaction, it seems.
cause of death
mass murder
perpetrators
Germans / Ukrainians
sites and events
«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, VL BelzecClick to display the description, «Aktion Zamość»Click to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description
date and place
of birth
21.08.1875
presbyter (holy orders)
ordination
1898
Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
positions held
1921 – 1944
parish priest — Borówtoday: Annopol gm., Kraśnik pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.29] ⋄ St Andrew the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Zaklikówtoday: Zaklików gm., Stalowa Wola pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery — till c. 1922 administrator
1919 – 1921
parish priest — Siedliszczetoday: Siedliszcze gm., Chełm pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.01] ⋄ Our Lady of Częstochowa RC parish ⋄ Chełmtoday: Chełm city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery — till c. 1920 administrator
1918 – 1919
vicar — Kazimierz nad Wisłąalso: Kazimierz Dolny
today: Kazimierz nad Wisłą gm., Puławy pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2021.09.29] ⋄ Annunciation and Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC church ⋄ St John the Baptist and St Bartholomew the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Puławyform.: Nowo‐Aleksandrya
today: Puławy urban gm., Puławy pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery — also: prefect at schools
1915 – 1918
administrator — Zemborzycetoday: urban district, Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] ⋄ St Martin the Bishop and Confessor RC parish ⋄ Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery
1912 – 1915
administrator — Matczyntoday: Bełżyce gm., Lublin pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.29] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery
1910 – 1912
administrator — Łaszczówtoday: Łaszczów gm., Tomaszów Lubelski pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2022.07.16] ⋄ St Peter and St Paul the Apostles RC parish ⋄ Tomaszów Lubelskitoday: Tomaszów Lubelski gm., Tomaszów Lubelski pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery
c. 1908 – 1910
curatus/rector/expositus — Księżomierztoday: Gościeradów gm., Kraśnik pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2021.09.29] ⋄ Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC church ⋄ Dzierzkowicetoday: Dzierzkowice‐Rynek, Dzierzkowice gm., Kraśnik pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2021.12.19], St Stanislav the Bishop and Martyr and St Mary Magdalene RC parish ⋄ Janów Lubelskiform.: Janów Ordynacki
today: Janów Lubelski gm., Janów Lubelski pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery
1906 – 1907
vicar — Turobintoday: Turobin gm., Biłgoraj pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2021.08.20] ⋄ St Dominica RC parish ⋄ Krasnystawtoday: Krasnystaw urban gm., Krasnystaw pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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[access: 2020.12.03] RC deanery
1899 – 1906
vicar — Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] ⋄ St Paul the Apostle RC parish ⋄ Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] RC deanery
1898 – 1899
vicar — Łukowatoday: Łukowa gm., Biłgoraj pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] ⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Biłgorajtoday: Biłgoraj urban gm., Biłgoraj pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.03] RC deanery
1892 – 1898
student — Lublintoday: Lublin city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
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en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20] ⋄ philosophy and theology, Theological Seminary
sites and events
descriptions
«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20])
VL Belzec: German Germ. Vernichtungslager (Eng. Extermination camp) VL — oficially known as SS‐Sonderkommando Belzec — operational from 03.1942 till 06.1943 n. Belzec village, c. 8 km to the south of Tomaszów Lubelski, founded as part of German „Reinhardt” program of extermination of Jewish population. Victims were mainly Polish Jews from ghettos and camps in German‐run General Governorate, mainly from Galicia, Cracow and Lublin districts; but also Austrian, Czech, German, Slovak and Hungarian Jews. The victims were murdered in stationary gas chambers with exhaust fumes. The number of exterminated is estimated to reach c. 450,000. The camp was run by c. 20. German and Austrian SS functionaries at any one time. They were supported by a company of watchmen (Germ. SS‐Wachmannschaften) — mainly former Russian POWs who switched sides, in general of Ukrainian nationality. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.02.08])
«Aktion Zamość»: On 11.1942, the Germans began «Aktion Zamość» — a series of forced resettlement, an ethnic cleansing actions of the Polish population and pacification of Polish villages carried out in the Zamość region, in the territory of the Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) occupied by Germans, under the Germ. Generalplan Ost GPO (Eng. General Plan East), i.e. the plan of German settlement and Germanization of territories in Central and Eastern Europe. Until 08.1943, it covered a total of 100,000‐110,000 displaced Poles, including 30,000 children (some of them were taken from their parents and semt for a forced Germanization in German families) — most of them passed through the special Germ. UWZ Lager Zamość (Eng. resettlement camp in Zamość), where selection took place, e.g. group IV, children separated from parents. In place of the displaced, it was intended to settle 60,000 German colonists from Bessarabia, Ukraine, Bosnia, Serbia, Slovenia and Russia. In the first phase (28.11.1942‐03.1943) 116 villages were forcibly displaced — the displacements were carried out by Germ. Schutzpolizei units or the gendarmerie, with the help of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police collaborating with Germany; in the second, as part of the so‐called Aktion Werwolf (06.1943‐08.1943) — 171 villages — the displacements were supervised by Wehrmacht and Waffen‐SS units, supported by the employees of UWZ Lager Zamość. As a result of the actions of the Polish resistance movement — during the so‐called Zamość Uprising, Polish partisans fought several large battles with the overwhelming German forces — 293 villages were displaced out of the 696 planned. In some villages Germans settled resettled Ukrainians — during the so‐called Ukraineraktion — under control of collaborating with Germans Ukrainian Support Committees among others. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.08.20], journals.umcs.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.08.20])
«Intelligenzaktion»: German: «Intelligenzaktion» (English: „Intelligence Action”) — a German program of extermination of the Polish elite, mainly the intelligentsia and leadership layers, carried out from the beginning of the occupation in w 09.1939 to 04.1940, mainly in territories directly annexed to Germany, but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), where it was called «AB‐aktion». In the first phase, immediately after the beginning of the German occupation, during military operations carried out by the Germ. Wehrmacht (Eng. Armed Forces) and the genocidal units of the Germ. Einsatzgruppen (Eng. Operational Groups) of the Germ. Sicherheitspolizei (Eng. Security Police), i.e. SiPo, and Germ. Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers SS (Eng. Security Service of the Reichsführer SS), i.e. SD, organized by the Germ. Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Eng. Reich Main Security Office), i.e. RSHA, which followed the troops, carried out under the Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. Operation „Tannenberg”) — based on the so‐called Germ. Sonderfahndungsliste (Eng. Special Wanted Lists), i.e. proscription lists of Poles considered particularly dangerous to the Third Reich, prepared by the Zentralstelle II/P (Polen) unit of the German RSHA. Later, implemented by the German civilian occupation authorities and the genocidal unit of the Germ. Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz (Eng. Ethnic Germans Self‐Defense), whose members were Germ. Volksdeutsche (Eng. Ethnic Germans), i.e. representatives of the German minority in Poland. According to various sources, these lists, at the beginning of 09.1939, could have contained the details of 61,000—88,000 „dangerous” Poles — although these figures cannot be confirmed. In total, during this genocide, c. 50,000 teachers, Catholic priests, representatives of the landed gentry, freelancers, social and political activists, and retired military personnel were systematically and methodically murdered. Another 50,000 were sent to concentration camps, where only a negligible percentage survived. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])
Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])
Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])
Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])
sources
personal:
ltg.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.12.28], lubczasopismo.salon24.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.12.28], www.rodzinakulik.euClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13], pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
bibliographical:
„Mysterium iniquitatis. Clergy and religious of the Latin rite murdered by Ukrainian nationalists in 1939‐1945”, Fr Józef Marecki, Institute of National Remembrance IPN, Kraków 2020
„Genocidium Atrox”, GTKRK, https://www.swzygmunt.knc.pl/GENOCIDEs/15 GENOCIDUM ATROX/vPOLISH/MAINs/GENATROXsearch01.htm
original images:
www.annopol.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.16], www.miejscapamiecinarodowej.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09]
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