• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
link to OUR LADY of PERPETUAL HELP in SŁOMCZYN infoSITE LOGO

Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
LINK to Nu HTML Checker

full list:

displayClick to display full list

wyświetlKliknij by wyświetlić pełną listę po polsku


Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

personal data

review in:

po polskuKliknij by wyświetlić to bio po polsku

link do KARTY OSOBOWEJ - POLSKA WERSJAKliknij by wyświetlić to bio po polsku
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: commons.wikimedia.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: commons.wikimedia.org
    own collection
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: commons.wikimedia.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: commons.wikimedia.org
    own collection
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: commons.wikimedia.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: commons.wikimedia.org
    own collection
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: zarubezhje.narod.ru, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: zarubezhje.narod.ru
    own collection
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: fotopaterik.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: fotopaterik.org
    own collection
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: pitanov.livejournal.com, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: pitanov.livejournal.com
    own collection
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: fotopaterik.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: fotopaterik.org
    own collection
  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex), source: www.pstbi.ccas.ru, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    source: www.pstbi.ccas.ru
    own collection

surname

GROMADZKI

surname
versions/aliases

HROMADŚKYJ

forename(s)

Alexander (pl. Aleksander)

religious forename(s)

Alex (pl. Aleksy)

  • GROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex) - Tomb, Epiphany monastery, Krzemieniec, source: ru.wikipedia.org, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOGROMADZKI Alexander (Abp Alex)
    Tomb, Epiphany monastery, Krzemieniec
    source: ru.wikipedia.org
    own collection

function

archbishop

creed

Eastern Orthodox Church ORmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Volyn OR eparchy
Grodno‐Novogrod OR eparchy (Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church)more on
drevo-info.ru
[access: 2020.09.24]

Chelm OR eparchymore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.24]

academic distinctions

Sacred Orthodox Theology Candidate

honorary titles

Commander's Cross „Polonia Restitutamore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.04.16]

Order of St. Sava (Yugoslavia) 2nd Class — Grand Officermore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.05.30]

Order of the Phoenix 2nd Class (Greece)more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.25]

Order of Civil Merit 2nd Class (Bulgaria)more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.25]

nationality

Ukrainian

date and place
of death

08.05.1943

Smyhatoday: Smyha hrom., Dubno rai., Rivne, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]

alt. dates and places
of death

07.05.1943

details of death

During World War I after Russian defeat by German and Austro–Hungarian troops at battle of Gorlice in 05.1915 escaped with most of the clergy of Chełm eparchy to Russia (mass exodus, known as bezhenstvo). Resided in Moscow, Kishynew (1917) and Kiev (1918), among others.

After rebirth of Poland in 1918 supporter of autocephaly of Orthodox Church in Poland.

After German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and start of the World War II, after start of Russian occupation, changed his position and returned under Russian Orthodox Church jurisdiction.

In 06.1941 — before or right after German attack on 22.06.1941 of their erstwhile ally, Russians — arrested by the Russians.

Held in Kremyenets, and then in Ternopil prison.

During a genocidal extermination of prisoners in prisons by the Russians forced to go in a „death march” east.

N. Lopushne village n. Kremenets lost consciousness and fell by the roadside.

Regarded as dead left by Russians behind was saved by local peasants.

After start of German occupation became an exarch of Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church recognising Moscow Chruch jurisdiction.

As such condemned murders committed by Ukrainians and Ukrainian genocidal OUN/UPA organization, supporting the splitters who demanded the autocephaly of the Ukrainian church.

on Polish population.

Murdered by a Ukrainian genocidal OUN/UPA splinter group, OUN‐M, in an ambush, during Ukrainian genocide perpetrated on Poles, known as „Volyn genocide”, not far away from Krements, on the way to Rivne.

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Ukrainians

sites and events

«Genocidium Atrox»Click to display the description, Prison massacres — Ternopil 06.1941Click to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

01.11.1882

Dokudów Pierwszytoday: Biała Podlaska gm., Biała Podlaska pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]

alt. dates and places
of birth

13.11.1882

religious vows

11.02.1922 (permanent)

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

30.07.1908 (Chełmtoday: Chełm city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
)

positions held

25.11.1941 – 08.05.1943

exarch – patriarch's legate — (Ukraine territory)today: Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]
⋄ Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate

18.08.1941 – 08.05.1943

metropolita — Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate — dignity conferment

28.03.1941 – 08.05.1943

bishop — Kremenetstoday: Kremenets urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.18]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ Russian Orthodox Church — on 01.09.1941, after the German attack on 22.06.1941 on their erstwhile ally, the Russians, and the start of the German occupation, rejected on 01.09.1941 the invitation for return to the authority of the Polish Orthodox Church in occupied Warsaw

28.10.1940 – 28.03.1941

bishop — Kremenetstoday: Kremenets urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.18]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ Russian Orthodox Church

15.04.1934 – 28.10.1940

bishop — Kremenetstoday: Kremenets urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.18]
⋄ Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PACP ⋄ Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PACP — from 01.11.1939, after start of the Russian occupation, broke with the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church and became a member of the Synod of the Orthodox Church within the so‐called Western Belarus and Ukraine; on 25.05.1940 recognized the supremacy of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)

03.07.1928

archbishop — Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PACP — dignity conferment

13.11.1924 – 15.04.1934

bishop — Grodnotoday: Grodno dist., Grodno reg., Belarus
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.01.18]
⋄ Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PACP ⋄ Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church PACP — also: from 01.12.1923 deputy chairman of the Metropolitan Council; in 01.12.1925‐01.01.1926 prob. resident at the Dormition of the Mother of God Stauropegial Monastery in Zhirovichi

21.04.1923 – 13.11.1924

bishop — Grodnotoday: Grodno dist., Grodno reg., Belarus
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.01.18]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ Russian Orthodox Church

26.01.1923 – 21.04.1923

bishop — Grodnotoday: Grodno dist., Grodno reg., Belarus
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.01.18]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ Russian Orthodox Church — Lat. locum tenens (Eng. „holding reins”), acting („ad interim”)

12.10.1922 – 21.04.1923

auxiliary bishop — Białystoktoday: Białystok city pov., Podlaskie voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.11]
⋄ vicariate, Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ vicariate, Russian Orthodox Church — Lat. locum tenens (Eng. „holding reins”), acting („ad interim”)

03.09.1922 – 12.10.1922

auxiliary bishop — Lutsktoday: Lutsk city rai., Volyn, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]
⋄ vicariate, Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ vicariate, Russian Orthodox Church

03.09.1922

Bishop — Pochaivtoday: Pochaiv urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.09.27]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ Dormition of the Mother of God OR monastery (Pochaiv Lavra) — bishop's cheirotonia, i.e. ordination

12.02.1922

Archimandrite, i.e. superior abbot — Russian Orthodox Church — dignity conferment

11.02.1922

hieromonk — Mali Zahaitsitoday: Velyki Dederkaly hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ St John the Merciful OR monastery — adoption of the tonsure and perpetual monastic vows

c. 1921

divorcee — childless

04.1921 – 1923

rector — Kremenetstoday: Kremenets urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.18]
⋄ Orthodox Theological Seminary — also: lecturer

1919 – 1921

professor — Kremenetstoday: Kremenets urban hrom., Kremenets rai., Ternopil, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.10.18]
⋄ Orthodox Theological Seminary — lecturer; also: delegate of the Eparchal Council in the Seminary

08.01.1919

protoiereus (Eng. first priest) — Kievtoday: Kiev city rai., Kiev city, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church ⋄ Dormition of the Mother of God OR monastery (Pechersk Lavra) — dignity conferment

1915 – 1919

priest — during „bezhenstvo”, i.e. mass exodus from Poland: in Moscow, in c. 1917 Kyshynew (also: overseer of church schools of the Kyshynew Eparchy), in c. 1918 Kiev, and after the separatist Peace of Brest–Litovsk between the Russian Bolsheviks, Germany and the Austro–Hungarian Empire, an itinerant chaplain in the German and Austrian–occupied Belarus and Ukraine (in the vicinity of Bielsk Podlaski, Berestechko, Bobruysk)

1911 – 1915

rector — Chełmtoday: Chełm city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ Holy Spirit the Creator OR church — also: teacher of the Russian Classical Gymnasium for Boys (functioning in the former Piarist college, plundered by the Russians after the January Uprising of 1863‐1964); from 1921 head of the Governor's Archival Commission; superintendent of eparchial schools; from 1914 editor of the Russian–language weekly „Kholm Ruthenia”; from 02.02.1916 (after the mass escape of Russians from Polish territories known as „bezhenstvo”) eparchial observer of the church affairs

1908 – 1911

second presbiter (Eng. priest, i.e. iereus) — Chełmtoday: Chełm city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ St John the Evangelist OR cathedral church ⋄ St John the Evangelist OR cathedral church — also: teacher of God's law in the progymnasium in Chełm (from 1908); temporary member of the Eparchial Council (from 1909); member of the eparchial Missionary Council (from 1910); member of the Brotherhood of Our Lady; school inspector

30.07.1908

presbiter (Eng. priest, i.e. iereus) — Chełmtoday: Chełm city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ Russian Orthodox Church — priesthood cheirotonia, i.e. ordination

1904 – 1908

student — Kievtoday: Kiev city rai., Kiev city, Ukraine
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Orthodox Theological Academy — postgraduate specialised studies crowned in 1908 with Sacred Orthodox Theology Candidate's degree based on „The Beginning of Christianity in Poland” thesis, published as a separate monography „The Emergence and Initial History of Christianity in Poland”, Chełm 1910

till 1904

student — Chełmtoday: Chełm city pov., Lublin voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.08.20]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Orthodox Theological Seminary

author of many works, i.a. „History of the Orthodox Church in Poland during the decade of the service of Metropolitan Dionysius (1923‐1933)”, Warsaw 1937; „The case of the monastery in Supraśl”, Warsaw 1934; „Venerable Seraphim of Sarov, a great saint of God and miracle worker”, Warsaw 1933; „The Attitude of Metropolitan Peter Mohyla to the Relationship with Rome”, Warsaw 1932; „Metropolitan George Jaroszewski”, Warsaw 1932; „On the structure of the Synod of the Church and the importance of the participation of bishops in it”, Warsaw 1930; „Visit of His Reverence Metropolitan Dionysius in the Eastern Orthodox Autocephalous Churches”, Warsaw 1928; „Canons of St Apostles and their attitude to the present life of the Orthodox Church and discipline, in connection with the main task of canon law”, 1928; „On the canonicity of 'Regulation of the internal structure of the Orthodox Church in Poland'”, Warsaw 1927; „A short historical sketch about Chełm Ruthenia”, Chełm 1917

others related
in death

JURKIEWICZClick to display biography Theodore

sites and events
descriptions

«Genocidium Atrox»: In 1939‐1947, especially in 1943‐1944, independent Ukrainian units, mainly belonging to genocidal Ukrainian organizations OUN (political arm) and UPA (military arm), supported by local Ukrainian population, murdered — often in extremely brutal way — in Volyn and surrounding regions of pre‐war Poland, from 130,000 to 180,000 Poles, all civilians: men, women, children, old and young. Polish‐Ukrainian conflict that openly emerged during and after World War I (in particular resulting in Polish‐Ukrainian war of 1918‐1919), that survived and even deepened later when western Ukraine became a part Poland, exploded again after the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. During Russian occupation of 1939‐1941, when hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported into central Russia, when tens of thousands were murdered (during so‐called Katyń massacres, among others), this open conflict had a limited character, helped by the fact that at that time Ukrainians, Ukrainian nationalists in particular, were also persecuted by the Russians. The worst came after German‐Russian war started on 22.06.1941 and German occupation resulted. Initially Ukrainians supported Germans (Ukrainian police was initiated, Ukrainians co—participated in extermination of the Jews and were joining army units fighting alongside Germans). Later when German ambivalent position towards Ukraine became apparent Ukrainians started acting independently. And in 1943 one of the units of aforementioned Ukrainian OUN/UPA organization, in Volyn, started and perpetrated a genocide of Polish population of this region. In mere few weeks OUN/UPA murdered, with Germans passively watching on the sidelines, more than 40,000 Poles. This strategy was consequently approved and adopted by all OUN/UPA organisations and similar genocides took place in Eastern Lesser Poland (part of Ukraine) where more than 20,000 Poles were slaughtered, meeting however with growing resistance from Polish population. Further west, in Chełm, Rzeszów, etc. regions this genocide turned into an extremely bloody conflict. In general genocide, perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists, partly collaborating with German occupants, on vulnerable Polish population took part in hundreds of villages and small towns, where virtually all Polish inhabitants were wiped out. More than 200 priests, religious and nuns perished in this holocaust — known as «Genocidium Atrox» (Eng. „savage genocide”) The nature and purpose of genocide is perhaps best reflected in the song sung by the murderers: „We will slaughter the Poles, we will cut down the Jews, we must conquer the great Ukraine” (ukr. „Поляків виріжем, Євреїв видусим, велику Україну здобути мусим”). This holocaust and conflict ended up in total elimination of Polish population and Polish culture from Ukraine, in enforced deportations in 1944‐1945 of remaining Poles from Ukraine and some Ukrainians into Ukraine proper, and finally in deportation of Ukrainians from East‐South to the Western parts of Polish republic prl by Commie‐Nazi Russian controlled Polish security forces („Vistula Action”). (more on: www.swzygmunt.knc.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.06.20]
)

Prison massacres — Ternopil 06.1941: After German attack of Russians on 22.06.1941 Russians murdered prisoners held in Ternopil prison in Ukraine. Prison held more than 1,790 inmates (on the day of German attack; earlier on 10.06.1941 — 1,592; later, after German attack, many others from nearby villages were brought in and Russians did not even manage to register them). Right after German attack c. 217 prisoners (convicted mainly for common crimes) were released. On c. 30.06.1941 c. 1,000‐1,200 people were marched out of town towards east. Those that could not follow were murdered. There rest were finally loaded onto a train and sent to Ural. Their fate remains unknown. Those that remained back in Ternopil were murdered by the Russians in prison itself. It is estimated that Russians managed to murder from few hundred to 1,000 prisoners, mainly Ukrainians, but also Poles and a dozen or so captured Germans. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.12.26]
)

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
)

sources

personal:
pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06]
, www.kresykedzierzynkozle.home.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.13]
, www.pstbi.ccas.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.25]

bibliographical:
Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th‐21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post–war Poland”, Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonine Troc-Sosna, Warsaw–Bielsk Podlaski 2017
original images:
commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.25]
, commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14]
, commons.wikimedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14]
, zarubezhje.narod.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.25]
, fotopaterik.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.25]
, pitanov.livejournal.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.25]
, fotopaterik.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.25]
, www.pstbi.ccas.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.09.25]
, ru.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14]

LETTER to CUSTODIAN/ADMINISTRATOR

If you have an Email client on your communicator/computer — such as Mozilla Thunderbird, Windows Mail or Microsoft Outlook, described at WikipediaPatrz:
en.wikipedia.org
, among others  — try the link below, please:

LETTER to CUSTODIAN/ADMINISTRATORClick and try to call your own Email client

If however you do not run such a client or the above link is not active please send an email to the Custodian/Administrator using your account — in your customary email/correspondence engine — at the following address:

EMAIL ADDRESS

giving the following as the subject:

MARTYROLOGY: GROMADZKI Alexander

To return to the biography press below:

Click to return to biographyClick to return to biography