canonisation date

05.08.2011

Synod of the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church

function

presbiter (i.e. iereus)

creed

Eastern Orthodox Church ORmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Grodno‐Novogrod OR eparchy (Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church)more on
drevo-info.ru
[access: 2020.09.24]

date and place
of death

09.09.1942

ITL KargopolLagGuLAG slave labour camp network
today: Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.02.22]
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

ITL KargopolLagClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921Click to display the description

date and place
of birth

1897

Olkhovotoday: Ros ssov., Vawkavysk dist., Grodno reg., Belarus
more on
be.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.01.26]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1921

positions held

sites and events
descriptions

ITL KargopolLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Каргопольский (Eng. Kargopolsky) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — with headquarters in the city of Kargopol, and then Yercevo station on the northern railway line, Arkhangelsk Oblast. Founded on 16.08.1937. The camp units were located along the railway road. Prisoners slaved in forest clearing, construction of a pulp factory on the Voloshka River, wood processing (supplied as firewood to Moscow, for renovation works, railway sleepers, etc.), ski production, sawmills, food production in local collective farms, in furniture, clothing and footwear production plants, at loading and unloading goods, in the construction of branch railway lines, narrow‐gauge railways, roads, in mechanical and repair plants and workshops, in brick kilns. At its peak, c. 30,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 30,069 (01.01.1939); 27,432 (01.01.1940); 25,218 (01.01.1941); 24,295 (01.07.1941); 24,892 (01.01.1943); 21,239 (01.01.1948); 20,237 (01.01.1950); 23,305 (01.01.1952); 25,540 (01.01.1953). In total, c. 300,000 people passed through it, with the mortality rate reaching 20% of the detained prisoners. It ceased operations in 1960. (more on: www.gulagmuseum.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09])

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921: War for independence of Poland and its borders. Poland regained independence in 1918 but had to fight for its borders with former imperial powers, in particular Russia. Russia planned to incite Bolshevik‐like revolutions in the Western Europe and thus invaded Poland. Russian invaders were defeated in 08.1920 in a battle called Warsaw battle („Vistula river miracle”, one of the 10 most important battles in history, according to some historians). Thanks to this victory Poland recaptured part of the lands lost during partitions of Poland in XVIII century, and Europe was saved from the genocidal Communism. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20])

sources

personal:
cyclowiki.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26], drevo-info.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26], sppsobor.byClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26]
bibliographical:
„Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th‐21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post–war Poland”, Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonine Troc-Sosna, Warsaw–Bielsk Podlaski 2017
original images:
cyclowiki.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26], church.byClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26]