function

archbishop

creed

Eastern Orthodox Church ORmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Polotsk‐Vitebsk OR eparchymore on
drevo-info.ru
[access: 2023.07.16]
Sankt Petersburg OR eparchymore on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]
Omsk‐Pavlodar OR eparchy
Akmolinsk OR eparchymore on
drevo-info.ru
[access: 2023.07.16]
Yenisei‐Krasnoyarsk OR eparchymore on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]
Tomsk OR eparchymore on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]
Orenburg‐Turgay OR eparchymore on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]
Volyn‐Zhytomyr OR eparchymore on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.07.16]

academic distinctions

Sacred Orthodox Theology Candidate

honorary titles

Order of St Anna (Imperial Russia) 1st classmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.10.13]
Order of St Vladimir (Imperial Russia) 3rd degreemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.04.10]
Order of St Vladimir (Imperial Russia) 4th degreemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.04.10]

nationality

Russian

date and place
of death

17.12.1937

Borovichitoday: Borovichi urban, Borovichi reg., Novgorod oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]

details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

Great Purge 1937Click to display the description, ITL SibLagClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

06.01.1869

Lugatoday: Luga urban, Luga reg., Leningrad oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.07.16]

religious vows

13.02.1893 (permanent)

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1894

positions held

sites and events
descriptions

Great Purge 1937: „Great Terror” (also «Great Purge», also called „Yezhovshchyna” after the name of the then head of the NKVD) — a Russian state action of political terror, planned and directed against millions of innocent victims — national minorities, wealthier peasants (kulaks), people considered opponents political, army officers, the greatest intensity of which took place from 09.1936 to 08.1938. It reached its peak starting in the summer of 1937, when Art. 58‐14 of the Penal Code about „counter‐revolutionary sabotage” was passed , which became the basis for the „legalization” of murders, and on 02.07.1937 when the highest authorities of Russia, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, issued a decree on the initiation of action against the kulaks. Next a number of executive orders of the NKVD followed, including No. 00439 of 25.07.1937, starting the liquidation of 25,000‐42,000 Germans living in Russia (mainly the so‐called Volga Germans); No. 00447 of 30.07.1937, beginning the liquidation of „anti‐Russian elements”, and No. 00485[2] of 11.08.1937, ordering the murder of 139,835 people of Polish nationality (the latter was the largest operation of this type — encompassed 12.5% of all those murdered during the «Great Purge», while Poles constituted 0.4% of the population). In the summer of 1937 Polish Catholic priests held in Solovetsky Islands, Anzer Island and ITL BelbaltLag were locked in prison cells (some in Sankt Petersburg). Next in a few kangaroo, murderous Russian trials (on 09.10.1937, 25.11.1937, among others) run by so‐called «NKVD Troika» all were sentenced to death. They were subsequently executed by a single shot to the back of the head. The murders took place either in Sankt Petersburg prison or directly in places of mass murder, e.g. Sandarmokh or Levashov Wilderness, where their bodies were dumped into the ditches. Other priests were arrested in the places they still ministered in and next murdered in local NKVD headquarters (e.g. in Minsk in Belarus), after equally genocidal trials run by aforementioned «NKVD Troika» kangaroo courts.

ITL SibLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Сибирский (Eng. Siberian) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Mariinsk in Kemerovo Oblast, where a central camp for invalids was also operational (moved twice to Novosibirsk, c. 350 km away). Founded in 1929. One of the largest — initially spread over large area from Omsk to Krasnoiarsk, as a matter of fact whole Western Siberian Plain, next subdivided and limited to Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo oblasts. Up to 80,000 inmates were held in SibLag: e.g. 78,838 (01.01.1938); 77,919 (01.01.1942); 70,370 (01.04.1942). Prisoners slaved at railroad construction, forestry, carpentry and in coal mines, and other industrial branches (brick, clothing, leather and fur factories and plants). Closed down in c. 1960. (more on: tspace.library.utoronto.caClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.09.02], www.gulagmuseum.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09])

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

sources

personal:
pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.07.16], ru.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.07.16], drevo-info.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.07.16], ru.openlist.wikiClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.03.28]
bibliographical:
„Hierachy, clergy and employees of the Orthodox Church in the 19th‐21st centuries within the borders of the Second Polish Republic and post–war Poland”, Fr Gregory Sosna, M. Antonine Troc-Sosna, Warsaw–Bielsk Podlaski 2017
original images:
drevo-info.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.07.16]