function

nun

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Congregation of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul FdlCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
(i.e. Daughters of Charity)

date and place
of death

25.09.1939

Warsawtoday: Warsaw city pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.10.09]

details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

Warsaw (Black Monday)Click to display the description, Air raids 1939Click to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

18.01.1911

Pawłów Górnytoday: Wola Krzysztoporska gm., Piotrków Trybunalski pov., Łódź voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

positions held

others related
in death

MIKOŁAJEWSKIClick to display biography Sigismund, BIAŁAClick to display biography Anne (Sr Adolphine), CHOINAClick to display biography Sophia, CZAJKOWSKAClick to display biography Marianne, CZYMEKClick to display biography Charles, DREWNIKOWSKAClick to display biography Stephanie, GĄSIOROWSKIClick to display biography Francis, GRZEGORCZYKClick to display biography Francis (Bro. Thaddeus), HATKOClick to display biography Francis (Fr Matthew), KACZMAREKClick to display biography Josefa (Sr Andrea), KISIELEWSKAClick to display biography Christine, KRAWCZYKClick to display biography Theodosia, LANGERClick to display biography John, LEOŃCZUKClick to display biography Mary, LEWANDOWSKAClick to display biography Eleonor, LEWANIUKClick to display biography Aleksandra, ŁĄCZEKClick to display biography Marianne, NIEDŹWIECKAClick to display biography Marianne, NIKUTAClick to display biography Cecilia, OPIELAClick to display biography Joseph, OSTROWSKIClick to display biography Stanislav Kostka Chris Alexander (Fr Josaphat), PSZENNAClick to display biography Wanda, RANIECKAClick to display biography Marianne, RUSZKOWSKAClick to display biography Stanislava, SASAKClick to display biography Josefa Aleksandra, SELMAClick to display biography Alice Janet, SIEMIŃSKAClick to display biography Petronella, TEODOROWICZClick to display biography Terrence, WÓJCIKClick to display biography Marianne, ZEMBRZUSKAClick to display biography Casimira

sites and events
descriptions

Warsaw (Black Monday): German Germ. Luftwaffe (Eng. Air Force) the first air raids on Warsaw — attacking, among others, Warsaw housing estates — carried out on the first day of the war, 01.09.1939. The first major German assault on the capital on 08.09.1939 was repelled. On 17.09.1939, over 5,000 artillery shells and aircraft bombs fell on the city. On 22.09.1939, the German encirclement ring closed around Warsaw. On 25.09.1939 from 7:00 till late evening more than 400 German bombers made aerial raids on Warsaw. Almost 630 tons of explosives, both incendiary and demolishing were dropped. Caused c. 200 fires. Public building were not spared, including hospitals clearly marked with Red Cross signs (in fact they were targeted in the first place). Holy Ghost hospital was among them and c. 700 people, both patients and staff were killed (including 20 Vincentian sisters). Altogether during those saturation raids called „Black Monday” c. 10,000 people perished, 35,000 were wounded, mostly civilian. The raids were in contravention of Hague agreements and must be regarded as an act of war crime. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.04.18])

Air raids 1939: During invasion of Poland commenced on 01.09.1939 Germans systematically attacked civilian targets. Many cities (Wieluń, Frampol, Warszawa, Lwów, Łomża, Puck, etc.) were bombed during air raids and totally destroyed. The hospitals and churches, visibly marked as such, were not spared. German planes also attacked columns of fleeing people on the roads, massacring them. It is estimated that c. 150,000‐200,000 civilians were killed or murdered by the Germans in 09.1939. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.04.18])

Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted part of the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.12.13])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
straty.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.18]
bibliographical:
„Martyrology of the Polish Roman Catholic clergy under nazi occupation in 1939‐1945”, Victor Jacewicz, John Woś, vol. I‐V, Warsaw Theological Academy, 1977‐1981
Mr Andrew Filipek, private correspondence, 09.09.2018 and 09.10.2018
„A martyrology of Polish clergy under German occupation, 1939‐1945”, Fr Szołdrski Vladislaus CSSR, Rome 1965
original images:
cmentarze.um.warszawa.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.05.09], cmentarze.um.warszawa.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.05.09]