function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Kamianets diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.23]

date and place
of death

07.04.1937

ITL UkhtPechLagGuLAG slave labour camp network
today: Ust‐Ukhta, Komi rep., Russia
more on
ru.wikipedia.org
[access: 2024.04.08]

alt. dates and places
of death

07.04.1933

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

ITL UkhtPechLagClick to display the description, ITL UstVymLag1Click to display the description, PPLp KotlasLagClick to display the description, ITL SLONClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

1885

Ustjatoday: Bershad urban hrom., Haisyn rai., Vinnytsia, Ukraine
more on
uk.wikipedia.org
[access: 2023.03.02]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

1908

positions held

sites and events
descriptions

ITL UkhtPechLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Ухто‐Ижемский (Eng. Ukht‐Izhemskiy) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Chibyu (today: Ukhta) in Izhma river region, in Komi Republic. Founded on 06.06.1931. Prisoners slaved at the search for and extraction of crude oil and coal, radium, natural gas, asphaltite (high concentration of radium was detected in the camp, the highest in the world in water layers), in the construction of gas plants, access roads (e.g. Chibyu‐Krutaya), railway lines (e.g. Chibyu‐Ust‐Vym‐Kotlas, Vorkuta‐Ust‐Usa‐Kozhva), river barge construction, forest clearing and timber harvesting, etc. At its peak — till the death on 05.03.1953 of Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin — c. 5,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 13,400 (12.1932); 23,840 (01.01.1934); 20,730 (01.01.1935); 21,750 (01.01.1936); 31,035 (01.01.1937); 54,792 (01.01.1938). Ceased to exist on 10.05.1938 when the camp was divided into four camp complexes: ITL UkhtIzhemLag (50,000 km2), ITL VorkutLag, ITL SevZhelDorLag and ITL UstVymLag. (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

ITL UstVymLag1: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Усть‐Вымский (Eng. Ust‐Vymskiy) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Ust‐Vym or Syktyvkar in Komi Republic. Founded on 06.06.1931 and run by Russian GPU criminal organization. Prisoners slaved at the construction of the Syktyvkar‐Ukhta road and the Pinyug‐Syktyvkar railway line, etc. At its peak c. 23,056 prisoners were held there, including c. 1,758 women. Ceased to exist on 24.04.1946, when most of the prisoners were transferred to the ITL BelBaltLag camp, and a transit subcamp of the ITL UkhtPechLag concentration camp was organized in Ust‐Vym. (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

PPLp KotlasLag: Russian Rus. Пересыльно‐Перевалочный Лагпункт (Eng. Transfer and Transshipment Camp) PPLp Rus. Котласский (Eng. Kotlaskiy) — transit camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Kotlas in Arkhangelsk Oblast. Established on 06.06.1931 as a subcamp of the ITL UstVymLag1 concentration camp, 05.03.1932‐31.07.1932 an independent subcamp of the Gulag, then until 14.05.1940 a subcamp of the ITL UkhtPechLag camp, again until 14.05.1940 an independent subcamp of the Gulag, until 27.10.1943 a subcamp managed by the Ministry of Railway Transport, until 29.07.1945 part of the PPLp KotlasLag agricultural concentration camp. From 29.06.1945 PPLp KotlasLag functioned as a subcamp of the ITL SevPechLag concentration camp, dealing exclusively with food production. Prisoners slaved at storage and transport of goods to and from concentration camps in the Komi Republic, construction materials for the North Pechora Railway Main Line, and after the camp on 27.10.1943 was transformed into an agricultural camp at food production, etc. At its peak — till the death on 05.03.1953 of Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin — c. 9,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 8,073 (01.07.1940); 8,716 (01.01.1943); 8,629 (01.01.1944); 6,207 (01.01.1945), among whom were many Poles. As a transshipment sub‐camp it ceased to exist in 1945, but as an agricultural camp in 1956. (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08], www.gulagmuseum.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.11.14])

ITL SLON: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Солове́цкий ла́герь осо́бого назначе́ния Ла́герь (Eng. Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp) SLON — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within what was to become Gulag complex) — headquartered in Solovetsky Islands in Arkhangelsk Oblast. Founded on 13.10.1923 in a famous Orthodox monastery. In the 1920s, one of the first and largest concentration camps in Russia. The place of slave labor of prisoners — at forest felling, sawmills, peat extraction, fishing, loading work on the Murmansk Railway Main Line, in road construction, production of food and consumer goods, at the beginning of the construction of the White Sea ‐ Baltic canal, etc. The concept of the later system of Russian Gulag concentration camps prob. had its origins in the Solovetsky Islands camp — from there the idea spread to the camps in the area covered by the construction of the White Sea ‐ Baltic canal, i.e. ITL BelBaltLag, and from there further, to the entire territory of the Russian state. From the network of camps on the Solovetsky Islands — also called the Solovetsky Islands archipelago — prob. also comes the concept of the „Gulag Archipelago” created by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. It is estimated that tens to hundreds of thousands of prisoners passed through the Solovetsky Islands concentration camps. At its peak, c. 72,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 14,810 (12.1927); 12,909 (03.1928); 65,000 (1929); 53,123 (01.01.1930); 63,000 (01.06.1930); 71,800 (01.01.1931); 15,130 (1932); 19,287 (1933) — c. 43,000 of whom were murdered, including the years 1937‐1938 when c. 9,500 prisoners were transported from the camp and murdered in several places of mass executions, including Sandarmokh, Krasny Bor and Lodeynoye Polye. Among them were many Catholic and Orthodox priests. After the National Socialist Party came to power in Germany in 1933, a German delegation visited the ITL SLON camp, to „inspect” Russian solutions and adopt them later in German concentration camps. It operated until 04.12.1933, with a break from 16.11.1931 to 01.01.1932, when it was part of and later became a subcamp of the ITL BelBaltLag camp. It operated as such until 1939 (from 1936 as a prison). (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

sources

personal:
przegladpolskopolonijny.files.wordpress.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], biographies.library.nd.eduClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], christking.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.09.02]
bibliographical:
„Fate of the Catholic clergy in USSR 1917‐1939. Martyrology”, Roman Dzwonkowski, SAC, ed. Science Society KUL, 2003, Lublin
„Parish priest of Lutsk–Żhytomyr 1801‐1920 and Kamyanets–Podilskyi 1869‐1919 dioceses”, Fr Waldemar Witold Żurek SDB, Lublin 2023
original images:
www.russiacristiana.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20], ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.02.02]