function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Tarnów diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

date and place
of death

21.01.1954

Dębicatoday: Dębica urban gm., Dębica pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians / Poles

sites and events

JaworznoClick to display the description, RzeszówClick to display the description, WiśniczClick to display the description, Cracow (Montelupich)Click to display the description, Help to the JewsClick to display the description, GeneralgouvernementClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

08.12.1911

Bielowytoday: Pilzno gm., Dębica pov., Subcarpathia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.07]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

29.06.1935 (Tarnów cathedral)

positions held

sites and events
descriptions

Jaworzno: During World War II Jaworzno was a subcamp of KL Auschwitz concentration camp. After cessation of hostilities was a concentration camp organised by Russian controlled Polish security ministry. Prisoners included Germans and enemies of the commi‐nazi system, among them members of the Polsih resistance army AK and individuals suspected of membership in genocidal Ukrainian nationalist organisations UPA and OUN (rounded up during „action Vistula” ). (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21], en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.09.21])

Rzeszów: During German occupation penal prison run by the Germans set up in Rzeszów Castle. At any one time more than 2,500 prisoners were held there (for instance from 01.04.1943 till 01.03.1944), mainly Poles. In the Castle basements and on prison yard executions were carried out of those sentenced by the German Sondergericht (Eng. special court) kangaroo court — other prisoners of the Castle were executed by the Germans at other sites in Rzeszów as well. After German withdrawal on 02.08.1944 and capture of Rzeszów by the Russians the prison was taken over initially by the Russian genocidal NKVD and then by Polish UB, a unit of murderous Russian NKVD. Thousands, of prisoners — Polish political activists and partisans, members of various clandestine organizations (among others from Home Army AK, part of Polish Clandestine State, and Freedom and Independence WiN) — were then held captive there. Local AK leader, Col. Lukas Ciepliński, future chairman of 4th Command of WiN, murdered by Commie‐Nazis in 1951, reported in 1944 that „during interrogations even women are brutally beaten. The processes […] are led by NKVD” and „the prisoners’ situation […] is dreadful. They simply perish from hunger. The food in German times compared to today was simply a luxury”. Executions of those held — Polish independence activists, but also German war criminals and Ukrainian nationalist — were also, as done by the Germans, carried out then in the Castle, in Castle’s basements and on the gallows in the prison yard. (more on: www.sw.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])

Wiśnicz: Penal institution set up — by Joseph II, Austrian emperor, after 1st partition of Poland — in a former Discalded Carmelites’ convent in Nowy Wiśnicz n. Bochnia. During the World War II Germans initially used it as a concentration camp for Poles prior to opening up the KL Auschwitz concentration camp. Many Poles suspected by the Germans of collaboration with Polish Clandestine State, prior to being sent to concentration camps, especially KL Auschwitz, were held there. During the night of 26‐27.07.1944 resistance Home Army AK attacked the prison and freed 129 Polish „political” prisoners. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10])

Cracow (Montelupich): Cracow penal prison, during occupation run by the Germans — from 28.02.1941 by Germ. Geheime Staatspolizei (Eng. Secret State Police, known as Gestapo. In 1940‐1944 Germans jailed there approx. 50,000 prisoners, mainly Poles and Jews. Some of them were transported to KL Auschwitz concentration camp, some were executed. After cease in war effort the prison was used by UB — a Polish unit of Russian NKVD — as a prison for Polish independence resistance fighters, some of which were subsequently sent to prisons and slave labour camps in Russia. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31])

Help to the Jews: During World War II on the Polish occupied territories Germans forbid to give any support to the Jews under penalty of death. Hundreds of Polish priests and religious helped the Jews despite this official sanction. Many of them were caught and murdered.

Generalgouvernement: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions. In two of them new German provinces were created, two other were incorporated into other provinces. However, the fifth part was treated separately, and in a political sense it was supposed to recreate the German idea from 1915 (during World War I, after the defeat of the Russians in the Battle of Gorlice in 05.1915) of creating a Polish enclave within Germany. Illegal in the sense of international law, i.e. Hague Convention, and public law, managed by the Germans according to separate laws — especially established for the Polish Germ. Untermenschen (Eng. subhumans) — till the Russian offensive in 1945 it constituted the Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Till 31.07.1940 formally called Germ. Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete (Eng. General Government for the occupied Polish lands) — later simply Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), as in the years 1915‐1918. From 07.1941, i.e. after the German attack on 22.06.1941 against the erstwhile ally, the Russians, it also included the Galicia district, i.e. the Polish pre‐war south‐eastern voivodeships. A special criminal law was enacted and applied to Poles and Jews, allowing for the arbitrary administration of the death penalty regardless of the age of the „perpetrator”, and sanctioning the use of collective responsibility. After the end of the military conflict of the World War UU, the government of the Germ. Generalgouvernement was recognized as a criminal organization, and its leader, governor Hans Frank, guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
grywald.diecezja.tarnow.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.11.22], www.polska1918-89.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]