function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

date and place
of death

GuLAGGuLAG slave labour camp network
today: name and site unknown

alt. dates and places
of death

1954 (after)

ITL OzerLagGuLAG slave labour camp network
today: Irkutsk oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.04.04]
(Russia territory)today: Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.08.05]

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

ITL OzerLagClick to display the description, ITL GorLagClick to display the description, OsobLagsClick to display the description, ITL NorilLagClick to display the description, GulagClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

1913

Byczeńtoday: Kamieniec Ząbkowicki gm., Ząbkowice Śląskie pov., Lower Silesia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.02.14]

alt. dates and places
of birth

Baishen?today: Poland

positions held

sites and events
descriptions

ITL OzerLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Озерный (Eng. Ozerniy) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in the town of Taishet in the Irkutsk Oblast (in 1953‐1954 temporarily in Bratsk, in the same oblast). Founded on 07.12.1948 and until 1954 also functioning as the Rus. Особый лагерь (Eng. Special camp) GULAG No. 7. Prisoners among whom were many Poles slaved at the construction of the Baikal‐Amur railway — initially the Tayshet‐Bratsk section, and then from Bratsk to Ust'‐Kut (distance c. 700 km), at forest clearing and wood processing, and the related maintenance of industrial complexes, and the construction of a hydroelectric power plant , in quarries, in lime production, in agriculture and in the production of consumer goods, etc. At its peak — till the death on 05.03.1953 of Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin — c. 37,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 31,881 (01.01.1950); 33,325 (01.01.1951); 37,093 (01.01.1952), one quarter of them were women; 31,225 (01.01.1953); 36,152 (01.02.1953); 29,347 (01.01.1954). Ceased to exist in 1960. (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08], gulagmuseum.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.11.14])

ITL GorLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Горный (Eng. Mountain) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Norilsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Founded on 28.02.1948, by the order No. 00219 of the Russian genocidal MGB, from part of the ITL NorilLag, and also functioning as the Rus. Особый лагерь (Eng. Special camp) GULAG No. 2. Prisoners slaved at the extraction of copper ore of the Norilsk Combine (in mines, including open‐pit mines), the construction of copper smelters, roads, railways, coal mines, cement plants and brick kilns, quarries for extracting rubble and clay, transhipment of goods, workshops, and construction of city of Norilsk, etc. At its peak — till the death on 05.03.1953 of Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin — c. 20,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 14,936 (01.01.1949); 17,424 (01.01.1950); 19,186 (01.01.1951); 20,218 (01.01.1952); 20,167 (01.01.1953); 15,061 (01.01.1954). In 05‐08.1953 the largest and longest‐lasting prisoner revolt in the history of the Gulag took place. On 25.06.1954 incorporated back into the ITL NorilLag. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.05.09])

OsobLags: Pursuant to Decree No. 416‐159сс dated 21.02.1948 of the Russian government, the Russian criminal organization MVD (successor to the NKVD) issued a Decree No. 00219 of 28.02.1948 establishing a separate network of camps within the Gulag system for a „special group” of political prisoners sentenced under Art. 58 of the Penal Code (referring to „enemies of the people”, i.e. accused of treason, espionage, terrorism, etc.) Initially, the group of camps included the ITL MinLag, ITL GorLag, ITL DubravLag, ITL StepLag and ITL BerLag concentration camps. Later, the following ones were added: ITL RechLag, ITL OzerLag, ITL PeschanŁag, ITL LugLag, ITL Kamyshlag, ITL DalLag, ITL VodorazDelLag. After the death of the Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin, in 1953, the three largest revolts in the history of the Gulag took place there: the Norilsk Uprising, the Vorkuta Uprising and the Kengir Uprising. In c. 1954 the camps were converted into standard correctional camps. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.01.26])

ITL NorilLag: Russian Rus. Исправи́тельно‐Трудово́й Ла́герь (Eng. Corrective Labor Camp) ITL Rus. Норильский (Eng. Norylskiy) — concentration and slave forced labor camp (within the Gulag complex) — headquartered in Norilsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai, one of the most northern towns of the Earth. Founded on 25.06.1935. Prisoners slaved at the in the construction and operation of copper‐nickel plants, construction of mines and mining of platinum, nickel, cobalt, copper, coal, coke batteries, construction and operation of refineries, construction of the city of Norilsk, thermal power plants, waterworks, construction of river ports and shipyards, in geological exploration and research , construction of railway lines, in woodworking plants, mechanical and repair workshops, etc. At its peak — till the death on 05.03.1953 of Russian socialist leader, Joseph Stalin — c. 73,000 prisoners were held there: e.g. 47,732 (01.01.1948); 57,463 (01.01.1949); 58,651 (01.01.1950); 72,490 (01.01.1951); 68,849 (01.01.1952); 67,889 (01.01.1953); 36,734 (01.01.1954) — altogether up to 400,000, including 300,000 political. Ceased to exist on 22.08.1956. (more on: old.memo.ruClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

sources

personal:
gulagmuseum.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.11.14], biographies.library.nd.eduClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13], ru.openlist.wikiClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]