function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Łomża diocesemore on
www.kuria.lomza.pl
[access: 2012.11.23]
RC Military Ordinariate of Polandmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]

date and place
of death

30.10.1940

Białystoktoday: Białystok city pov., Podlaskie voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.12.11]

alt. dates and places
of death

30.10.1940, 1941

details of death

alt. details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

GulagClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

13.04.1908

alt. dates and places
of birth

Łomżatoday: Łomża city pov., Podlaskie voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

01.04.1933

positions held

sites and events
descriptions

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

sources

personal:
www.straty.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14], nekropole.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.03.14], www.ordynariat.wp.mil.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.dimk.diecezja.lomza.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
original images:
www.katedrapolowa.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.01.16]