function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Vilnius archdiocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
Vilnius diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

date and place
of death

09.1943

Valozhyntoday: Valozhyn dist., Minsk reg., Belarus
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.06]

alt. dates and places
of death

08.1943 (after)

Vileykatoday: Vileyka dist., Minsk reg., Belarus
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.06]

details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Germans / Lithuanians

sites and events

VileykaClick to display the description, «Polenaktion» 1942Click to display the description, Vilnius (Lukiškės)Click to display the description, Vilnius (Łuskis Square)Click to display the description, Help to the JewsClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

11.04.1889

Gomeltoday: Gomel dist., Gomel reg., Belarus
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.17]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

16.06.1913 (St George seminary church in Vilnius)

positions held

others related
in death

HERMANOWICZClick to display biography Boleslav, MIŁKOWSKIClick to display biography Sigismund

sites and events
descriptions

Vileyka: During Russian occupation — after German and Russian invasion of Poland in 09.1939 and start of the World War II — largest prison in Vilnius region, originally in the buildings of pre‐war Polish prison, subsequently expanded to buildings of a large hospital. Within the prison grounds Russians perpetrated numerous mass murders on mainly Polish prisoners. It is estimated that c. 1,200 prisoners were buried there. After German attack on 22.06.1941 of their erstwhile ally, Russians, 24.06.1941 Russians initiated forced evacuation of prisoners — part of general genocidal massacres of prisoners ordered by highest Russian authorities — during which 500‐800 prisoners marched off towards Borysów were murdered. Few dozen of them murdered in Kosuta forest, c. 9 km from Vileyka. Later German prison where, as during Russian occupation, mostly Poles were held captive and where mass murders were carried out as well, including a few Polish priests. The murders took place either on the prison yard or in the aforementioned forest n. Kasuta village. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2017.06.16])

«Polenaktion» 1942: In the summer of 1942 in German‐occupied Germ. Generalbezirk Weißruthenien (Eng. General Region of Belarus) — in Nowogródek region among others — Germans carried out «Polenaktion» initiative: the name introduced in a special resolution drafted by Reichssicherheitshauptamt RSHA (Eng. Reich Main Security Office). The action included sacking of all Poles from civilian regional apparatus and police and replacing them with Belarusians. Thousands of Poles were also forcibly deported to Germany as slave labourers. On 26‐30.06.1942 in all counties of the region more than 1,000 representatives of Polish intelligentsia were arrested and subsequently murdered. In Lida region 16 Polish priests were arrested among others. 5 Polish parish priests from Hlybokaye and Pastavy deanery were murdered as well. At the same time Germans set up KL Koldichevo concentration camp n. Baranavichy. The implementation of this genocide project was entrusted to Belarusian police formations supported by Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Russian (RONA) collaborators.

Vilnius (Lukiškės): Vilnius prison used both by Russians and Germans. Thousands of Poles were kept there. From 2,000 to 16,000 prisoners were jailed at any time there. In 06.1941, after German invasion, Russians murdered most of the prisoners. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.07.04])

Vilnius (Łuskis Square): In the former Tsarist prison and 1918‐1939 Polish Republic voivodeship buildings at Łukiski Square (Ofiarna Str.) Germans in 1941 set up the Gestapo HQ and jail and Russians in 1944 the Vilnius HQ of the genocidal NKVD/MGB organisation. Thousands of Polish soldiers of resistance Home Army AK (part of Polish Clandestine State), Lithuanian partisans and during Russian occupation after 1944 — German collaborators were interrogated and tortured there. In the basements death sentences were carried out. In 1944‐1960 alone Russians carried out more then 1,000 death sentences there — some of the bodies were secretely buried in a nearby Tuskulanum palace in Vilnius. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2017.06.16])

Help to the Jews: During World War II on the Polish occupied territories Germans forbid to give any support to the Jews under penalty of death. Hundreds of Polish priests and religious helped the Jews despite this official sanction. Many of them were caught and murdered.

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
www.glaukopis.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2012.11.23], www.bialystok.opoka.org.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06], newsaints.faithweb.comClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19], opoka.org.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.09.02], www.wsm.archibial.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.06]
bibliographical:
„Vilnius archdiocese clergy martyrology 1939‐1945”, Fr Thaddeus Krahel, Białystok, 2017
„Lexicon of Polish clergy repressed in USSR in 1939‐1988”, Roman Dzwonkowski, SAC, ed. Science Society KUL, 2003, Lublin