function

religious cleric

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

congregation

Order of Friars Minor OFMmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]
(i.e. Franciscans, Minorites)

diocese / province

St Hedwig od Silesia province OFMmore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.08.18]

nationality

Polish? German?

date and place
of death

29.06.1946

Tulatoday: Tula city reg., Tula oblast, Russia
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]

alt. dates and places
of death

28.07.1946

details of death

cause of death

extermination

perpetrators

Russians

sites and events

GulagClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

12.09.1906

Nakłotoday: Tarnów Opolski gm., Opole pov., Opole voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.04.02]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

28.01.1934

positions held

others related
in death

BORONOWSKIClick to display biography John (Fr Gothard), BURZYClick to display biography Francis (Bro. Erwin), CUDOKClick to display biography John (Bro. Stephen), FIOŁKAClick to display biography Joseph (Cl. Hildebert), FUNCKEClick to display biography Eric (Bro. Anzelm), GIEMSAClick to display biography Ignatius (Cl. Gabriel), GISAClick to display biography Peter (Fr Matthias), GOLLAClick to display biography William (Bro. Cunibert), GRZYMEKClick to display biography Francis (Cl. Ludger), HEINClick to display biography Bernard (Bro. Julian), HERUDClick to display biography John (Bro. Pius), HOLZBRECHERClick to display biography Walter (Bro. Otfried), KASZUBAClick to display biography Roman (Bro. Stanislav), KONKOLClick to display biography John (Bro. Camille), KOZAClick to display biography William (Bro. Guido), LARISCHClick to display biography Charles, MRATZEKClick to display biography Victor (Fr William), MYRCZIKClick to display biography Ernest (Fr Reynald), MYŚLIWIECClick to display biography John (Bro. Gregory), OLBRICHClick to display biography Francis (Bro. Hillary), PIECHACZEKClick to display biography Walter (Cl. Wolfram), PODLESCHKAClick to display biography John, SCHILDERClick to display biography Paul (Bro. Urban), SEIDELClick to display biography Gerard (Bro. Marian), SLADEKClick to display biography Ignatius (Bro. Candid), WAWROClick to display biography Joseph (Bro. Alex), WILCZEKClick to display biography Francis (Cl. Corbinian)

sites and events
descriptions

Gulag: The acronym Gulag comes from the Rus. Главное управление исправительно‐трудовых лагерей и колоний (Eng. Main Board of Correctional Labor Camps). The network of Russian concentration camps for slave labor was formally established by the decision of the highest Russian authorities on 27.06.1929. Control was taken over by the OGPU, the predecessor of the genocidal NKVD (from 1934) and the MGB (from 1946). Individual gulags (camps) were often established in remote, sparsely populated areas, where industrial or transport facilities important for the Russian state were built. They were modeled on the first „great construction of communism”, the White Sea‐Baltic Canal (1931‐1932), and Naftali Frenkel, of Jewish origin, is considered the creator of the system of using forced slave labor within the Gulag. He went down in history as the author of the principle „We have to squeeze everything out of the prisoner in the first three months — then nothing is there for us”. He was to be the creator, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, of the so‐called „Boiler system”, i.e. the dependence of food rations on working out a certain percentage of the norm. The term ZEK — prisoner — i.e. Rus. заключенный‐каналоармец (Eng. canal soldier) — was coined in the ITL BelBaltLag managed by him, and was adopted to mean a prisoner in Russian slave labor camps. Up to 12 mln prisoners were held in Gulag camps at one time, i.e. c. 5% of Russia's population. In his book „The Gulag Archipelago”, Solzhenitsyn estimated that c. 60 mln people were killed in the Gulag until 1956. Formally dissolved on 20.01.1960. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.04.08])

sources

personal:
gross-kleeberg.deClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
bibliographical:
„Opole Silesia clergy's martyrology during II World War”, Fr Andrew Hanich, Opole 2009
„Handbuch der Bistums / Erzbistums BreslauClick to display source page”, Wrocław Curia, years: till 1942