• OUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA: st Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionOUR LADY of CZĘSTOCHOWA
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
link to OUR LADY of PERPETUAL HELP in SŁOMCZYN infoSITE LOGO

Roman Catholic
St Sigismund parish
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese, Poland

  • St SIGISMUND: St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
  • St SIGISMUND: XIX c., feretory, St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland; source: own collectionSt SIGISMUND
    XIX c., feretory
    St Sigismund parish church, Słomczyn, Poland
    source: own collection
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Martyrology of the clergy — Poland

XX century (1914 – 1989)

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  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil, source: www.lysomice.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    source: www.lysomice.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil, source: kociewiacy.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    source: kociewiacy.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil, source: atlaswsi.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    source: atlaswsi.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil, source: www.niedziela.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    source: www.niedziela.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil, source: www.portalpomorza.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    source: www.portalpomorza.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil - C. 1937, Gostkowo, source: www.lysomice.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    C. 1937, Gostkowo
    source: www.lysomice.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil - Gostkowo, source: www.lysomice.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    Gostkowo
    source: www.lysomice.pl
    own collection

religious status

Servant of God

surname

PRABUCKI

forename(s)

Paul Basil (pl. Paweł Bazyli)

forename(s)
versions/aliases

Blase (pl. Błażej)

  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil - Cenotaph, parish cemetery, Piece, source: kociewiacy.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    Cenotaph, parish cemetery, Piece
    source: kociewiacy.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil - Commemorative plaque, Assumption into Heaven parish church, Gostkowo, source: www.niedziela.diecezja.torun.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    Commemorative plaque, Assumption into Heaven parish church, Gostkowo
    source: www.niedziela.diecezja.torun.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil - Commemorative plaque, Holy Cross church, Tczew, source: www.portalpomorza.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    Commemorative plaque, Holy Cross church, Tczew
    source: www.portalpomorza.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil - Commemorative plaque, St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist cathedral, Toruń, source: gdansk.ipn.gov.pl, own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    Commemorative plaque, St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist cathedral, Toruń
    source: gdansk.ipn.gov.pl
    own collection
  • PRABUCKI Paul Basil - Commemorative plaque, porch, Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven cathedral, Pelplin, source: own collection; CLICK TO ZOOM AND DISPLAY INFOPRABUCKI Paul Basil
    Commemorative plaque, porch, Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven cathedral, Pelplin
    source: own collection

function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Culm (Chełmno) diocesemore on
pl.wikipedia.org
[access: 2012.11.23]

Military Ordinariate of Polandmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.12.20]

honorary titles

Medal of Independencemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2019.02.02]

Iron Cross” I classmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.04.25]

Iron Cross” II classmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2020.04.25]

date and place
of death

30.08.1942

KL Dachauconcentration camp
today: Dachau, Upper Bavaria reg., Bavaria state, Germany

more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2016.05.30]

details of death

During German occupation (Prussian partition of Poland), while studying at the Germ. Königliches Katholisches Gymnasium (Eng. Royal Catholic Gymnasium) in Chojnice, member of the school chapter of the Polish clandestine student self–education Pomeranian Philomaths organization, i.e. Thomas Zan Society, as well as the team leader of the clandestine scouting team.

During World War I drafted in 05.1915 into 11th Heavy Artillery Regiment of German Imperial Army stationed in Toruń. Participant of Douaumont (prob. in 1916, during a larger Verdun battle), Cambrai (1917) and St. Quentin (1918) battles. On 05.06.1916 wounded. For bravery twice awarded German Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class.

Demobilised — in the rank of second lieutenant — on 05.01.1919.

From 01.06.1919 chaplain of the Polish Army reserve.

In the dark days of Russian invasion during Polish–Russian war of 1919‐1921 left Theological Seminary in Pelplin and volunteered into 16th Heavy Artillery Regiment of the Polish Army. In the rank of a lieutenant fought the deciding battles of that war.

Prob. in the summer of 1939 drafted into Polish Army as chaplain in major rank.

During German invasion of Poland in 09.1939, after start of the World War II, participant of the defense war of 09.1939 as a chaplain to the Polish Army. Taken prisoner by the Germans near Skierniewice. Released after few days returned to his parish.

After start of the German and Russian occupation of Poland arrested for the second time by the Germans on 17.10.1939. Jailed in IL Fort VII Thorn concentration camp in Toruń. On c. 20.12.1939 released with an order to leave his parish but did not do so.

On 07.01.1939 arrested by the Germans for the third time.

On 08.01.1940 moved to ZL Neufahrwasser transit camp.

From there on 10‐14.01.1940 transported to KL Stutthof concentration camp.

Next on 09‐10.04.1940 moved to KL Sachsenhausen concentration camp where from 06.08.1940 became a chaplain of the camp's chapel.

Finally on 14.12.1940 transported to KL Dachau concentration camp where from 25.03.1941 till 17.09.1941 was the chaplain of camp's chapel and where perished.

prisoner camp's numbers

22661Click to display source page (KL DachauClick to display the description), 23112 (KL SachsenhausenClick to display the description)

cause of death

extermination: exhaustion and starvation

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

KL DachauClick to display the description, KL SachsenhausenClick to display the description, KL StutthofClick to display the description, ZL NeufahrwasserClick to display the description, IL Fort VII ThornClick to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Reichsgau Danzig‐WestpreußenClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description, Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921Click to display the description, Thomas Zan SocietiesClick to display the description, Pomeranian PhilomathsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

03.09.1893

Iwicznotoday: Kaliska gm., Starogard Gdański pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.01.28]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

17.06.1923 (St Barbara Theological Seminary chapel in Pelplin)

positions held

1936 – 1939

dean — Bierzgłowotoday: Łubianka gm., Toruń pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.05.06]
RC deanery

1936 – 1939

titular parish priest — Gostkowotoday: Łysomice gm., Toruń pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.02.24]
⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC parish ⋄ Bierzgłowotoday: Łubianka gm., Toruń pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.05.06]
RC deanery — also: inspector of religious education in elementary schools in the deanery

1927 – 1936

curatus/rector/expositus — Gostkowotoday: Łysomice gm., Toruń pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2022.02.24]
⋄ Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary RC church ⋄ Papowo Toruńskietoday: Łysomice gm., Toruń pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
, St Nicholas the Bishop and Confessor RC parish ⋄ Toruńtoday: Toruń city pov., Kuyavia‐Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.06.20]
RC deanery

1927

administrator — Lignowy Szlacheckietoday: Pelplin gm., Tczew pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]
⋄ St Martin, the Bishop and Confessor and St Margaret the Martyr RC parish ⋄ Gniewtoday: Gniew gm., Tczew pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.07.29]
RC deanery

1925 – 1927

administrator — Tczewtoday: Tczew urban gm., Tczew pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.02]
⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC parish ⋄ Tczewtoday: Tczew urban gm., Tczew pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.02]
RC deanery — also: prefect in the Maritime School

1923 – 1925

vicar — Tczewtoday: Tczew urban gm., Tczew pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.02]
⋄ Exaltation of the Holy Cross RC parish ⋄ Tczewtoday: Tczew urban gm., Tczew pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.09.02]
RC deanery

1919 – 1923

student — Pelplintoday: Pelplin gm., Tczew pov., Pomerania voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.05.06]
⋄ philosophy and theology, Theological Seminary

others related
in death

PRABUCKIClick to display biography Louis Julian, PRABUCKIClick to display biography Boleslav Rock

sites and events
descriptions

KL Dachau: KL Dachau in German Bavaria, set up in 1933, became the main German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL for Catholic priests and religious during World War II: On c. 09.11.1940, Reichsführer‐SS Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, Gestapo and German police, as a result of the Vatican's intervention, decided to transfer all clergymen detained in various concentration camps to KL Dachau camp. The first major transports took place on 08.12.1940. In KL Dachau Germans held approx. 3,000 priests, including 1,800 Poles. The priests were forced to slave labor in the Germ. „Die Plantage” — the largest herb garden in Europe, managed by the genocidal SS, consisting of many greenhouses, laboratory buildings and arable land, where experiments with new natural medicines were conducted — for many hours, without breaks, without protective clothing, no food. They slaved in construction, e.g. of camp's crematorium. In the barracks ruled hunger, freezing cold in the winter and suffocating heat during the summer, especially acute in 1941‐1942. Prisoners suffered from bouts of illnesses, including tuberculosis. Many were victims of murderous „medical experiments” — in 11.1942 c. 20 were given phlegmon injections; in 07.1942 to 05.1944 c. 120 were used by for malaria experiments. More than 750 Polish clerics where murdered by the Germans, some brought to Schloss Hartheim euthanasia centre and murdered in gas chambers. At its peak KL Dachau concentration camps’ system had nearly 100 slave labour sub‐camps located throughout southern Germany and Austria. There were c. 32,000 documented deaths at the camp, and thousands perished without a trace. C. 10,000 of the 30,000 inmates were found sick at the time of liberation, on 29.04.1945, by the USA troops… (more on: www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.deClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2016.05.30]
)

KL Sachsenhausen: In Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Sachsenhausen, set up in the former Olympic village in 07.1936, hundreds of Polish priests were held in 1940, before being transported to KL Dachau. Some of them perished in KL Sachsenhausen. Murderous medical experiments on prisoners were carried out in the camp. In 1942‐1944 c. 140 prisoners slaved at manufacturing false British pounds, passports, visas, stamps and other documents. Other prisoners also had to do slave work, for Heinkel aircraft manufacturer, AEG and Siemens among others. On average c. 50,000 prisoners were held at any time. Altogether more than 200,000 inmates were in jailed in KL Sachsenhausen and its branched, out of which tens of thousands perished. Prior to Russian arrival mass evacuation was ordered by the Germans and c. 80,000 prisoners were marched west in so‐called „death marches” to other camps, i.e. KL Mauthausen‐Gusen and KL Bergen‐Belsen. The camp got liberated on 22.04.1945. After end of armed hostilities Germans set up there secret camp for German prisoners and „suspicious” Russian soldiers. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18]
)

KL Stutthof: In German Germ. Konzentrationslager (Eng. concentration camp) KL Stutthof (then in Eastern Prussian belonging to Germany, today: Sztutowo village) concentration camp, that Germans started to build on 02.09.1939, a day after German invasion of Poland and start of the World War II, Germans held c. 110,000‐127,000 prisoners from 28 countries, including 49,000 women and children. C. 65,000 victims were murdered and exterminated. In the period of 25.01‐27.04.1945 in the face of approaching Russian army Germans evacuated the camp. When on 09.05.1945 Russians soldiers entered the camp only 100 prisoners were still there. In an initial period (1939‐1940) Polish Catholic priests from Pomerania were held captive there before being transported to KL Dachau concentration camp. Some of them were murdered in KL Stutthof or vicinity (for instance in Stegna forest). Also later some Catholic priests were held in KL Stutthof. (more on: stutthof.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18]
, en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.07.06]
)

ZL Neufahrwasser: Germ. Zivilgefangenenlager (Eng. POW camp for civilians) organized by the Germans on the day of the outbreak of the war, on 01.09. 1939, in Gdańsk ‐ Nowy Port (New Port), in former artillery barracks belonging to Poland, for Poles from Pomerania arrested as part of the «Intelligenzaktion» action — extermination of Polish intelligentsia. Prisoners from ZL Neufahrwasser — 2,702 people were identified, but it is estimated that c. 10,000 arrestees passed through the camp — were sent to the KL Stutthof concentration camp or directly to the places of extermination. The camp operated till 01.04.1940 (more on: stutthof.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]
, ofiaromwojny.republika.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04]
)

IL Fort VII Thorn: Germ. „Internierungslager” (Eng. „Internment camp”) organized by the Germans on c. 15.10.1939 in Toruń, in the Fort VII artillery fort built in the years 1879‐1883 on a pentagonal plan, the last main fort of the Toruń fortress. Initially managed by Wehrmacht soldiers, but on 26.10.1939, taken over by members of the genocidal German paramilitary organization Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz. As part of the «Intelligenzaktion» operation, the extermination of the Polish intelligentsia of Pomerania, Polish citizens of Toruń and the surrounding area, men and women, were detained there. At one time, from 700 to 1,500 people, considered „politically suspect Polish elements”, were held captive — 50‐80 prisoners in each cell intended for 6‐12 people. In total, c. 3,000 Poles were to pass through the camp. Detainees were tortured, physically and mentally. More than 1,500 people were shot in the Barbarka and Przysieka forests. The rest, c. 600 people, were in 01.1940 transported to the KL Stutthof concentration camp. At the end of 01.1940, the camp was moved to nearby Fort VIII, where it operated until 07.1940. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.08.10]
)

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called General Governorate where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04]
)

Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). Two were added to existing German provinces. From two other separate new provinces were created. Vistula Pomerania region was one of them, incorporated into Germany on 08.10.1939, by decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler (formally came into force on 26.10.1939), and on 02.11.1939 transformed into the Germ. Reichsgau Danzig‐Westpreußen (Eng. Reich District of Gdańsk‐West Prussia) province, in which the law of the German state was to apply. The main axis of the policy of the new province, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact that 85% of its inhabitants were Poles, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization. C. 60,000 Poles were murdered in 1939‐1940, as part of the Germ. „Intelligenzaktion”, i.e. extermination of Polish intelligentsia and ruling classes, in c. 432 places of mass executions — including c. 220 Polish Catholic priests. The same number were sent to German concentration camps, from where few returned (over 300 priests were arrested, of whom c. 130 died in concentration camps). C. 124,000‐170,000 were displaced, including c. 90,000 to the Germ. Generalgouvernement. Poles were forced en masse to sign the German nationality list, the Germ. Deutsche Volksliste DVL. Polish children could only learn in German. It was forbidden to use the Polish language during Catholic Holy Masses and during confession. Polish landed estates were confiscated..To further reduce the number of the Polish population, Poles were sent to forced labor deep inside Germany. The remaining Poles were treated as low‐skilled labor, isolated from the Germans and strictly controlled — legally, three or three of them could only meet together, even in their own apartments. Many were conscripted into the German Wehrmacht army. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Albert Maria Forster, was executed. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.24]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
, www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28]
)

Polish‐Russian war of 1919‐1921: War for independence of Poland and its borders. Poland regained independence in 1918 but had to fight for its borders with former imperial powers, in particular Russia. Russia planned to incite Bolshevik‐like revolutions in the Western Europe and thus invaded Poland. Russian invaders were defeated in 08.1920 in a battle called Warsaw battle („Vistula river miracle”, one of the 10 most important battles in history, according to some historians). Thanks to this victory Poland recaptured part of the lands lost during partitions of Poland in XVIII century, and Europe was saved from the genocidal Communism. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.12.20]
)

Thomas Zan Societies: Secret societies of Polish youth, aiming at self‐education, patriotic in form and content, functioning 1830‐1920, in mutiny against enforced Germanisation and censure of Polish culture, mainly in secondary schools — gymnasia — mainly in Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and later in Silesia. The first groups were formed in 1817. In 1897 a congress in Bydgoszcz was held when rules of clandestine activities were formulated. At other congress in Bydgoszcz in Poznań a „Red Rose” society was formed, heading all others groups in various gymnasiums and coordinating their activities. In 1900 „Red Rose” consolidated Philomaths organizations from Pomerania as well. After Toruń trial of Pomeranian Philomaths in Toruń Germans arrested 24 members of Thomas Zan Society from Gniezno. 21 of them were sentenced up to 6 weeks in prison and reprimands. All were relegated from schools without the right to continue education in secondary and higher schools in Prussia. Despite repression the Societies existed till 1918 and rebirth of Poland. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.19]
)

Pomeranian Philomaths: Secret societies of Polish youth, aiming at self‐education, patriotic in form and content, functioning 1830‐1920, mainly in secondary schools — gymnasia — in Pomerania around Vistula river (Gdańsk Pomerania and Chełmno county), in Prussian‐occupied Polish territories (one of the partitions of Poland). On 08.01.1901 Germans conducted a series of interrogations of students at Chełmno, Brodnica and Toruń gymnasiums. On 09‐12.09.1901 the first of court trials of Polish students from those gymnasiums and students of Theological Seminary in Pelplin was held in Toruń. 1 person was sentenced to 3 months in prison, 1 to 2 months, 3 to 6 weeks, 7 to 3 weeks, 2 to 2 weeks, 19 to a week, 2 to 1 day, 10 were reprimanded. 15 were cleared. More definitive penalties were relegations from the schools with so‐called wolf’s ticket, forbidding sentenced students to continue secondary and higher studies in Prussia (Germany). Among those penalized were a few future Catholic priests — those were able to continue their education for the Chełmno diocese bishop, Bp August Rosentreter, refused to relegate students from Theological Seminary. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2018.11.18]
)

sources

personal:
www.meczennicy.pelplin.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.05.19]
, www.niedziela.diecezja.torun.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, atlaswsi.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, arolsen-archives.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, stutthof.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.10.05]

bibliographical:
Biographical dictionary of priests ordained in the years 1921‐1945 working in the Chełmno diocese”, Fr Anastasius Nadolny, prof., Bernardinum publishing house 2021
original images:
www.lysomice.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, kociewiacy.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, atlaswsi.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, www.niedziela.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, www.portalpomorza.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, www.lysomice.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, www.lysomice.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2019.10.13]
, kociewiacy.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, www.niedziela.diecezja.torun.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, www.portalpomorza.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30]
, gdansk.ipn.gov.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2020.10.02]

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