function

diocesan priest

creed

Latin (Roman Catholic) Church RCmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.09.21]

diocese / province

Płock diocesemore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2013.05.19]

academic distinctions

Bachelor of Dogmatic Theology

honorary titles

honorary canonmore on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2014.11.14] (Pułtusk collegiate)

date and place
of death

11.01.1940

Ościsłowotoday: Glinojeck gm., Ciechanów pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]

details of death

cause of death

mass murder

perpetrators

Germans

sites and events

OścisłowoClick to display the description, CiechanówClick to display the description, «Aktion T4»Click to display the description, «Intelligenzaktion»Click to display the description, Regierungsbezirk ZichenauClick to display the description, Ribbentrop‐MolotovClick to display the description, Pius XI's encyclicalsClick to display the description

date and place
of birth

25.06.1896

Sadkowotoday: Dzierzążnia gm., Płońsk pov., Masovia voiv., Poland
more on
en.wikipedia.org
[access: 2021.12.18]

presbyter (holy orders)
ordination

27.10.1918 (Theological Seminary chapel in Płock)

positions held

others related
in death

NOWAKOWSKIClick to display biography Steven

sites and events
descriptions

Ościsłowo: In 01.1940‐02.1940 Germans murdered in Ościsłowo forests n. Glinojeck in excess of 1,700 Poles, mainly sick and disabled and intelligentsia — as part of «Intelligenzaktion», extermination of Polish intelligentsia — from Ciechanów county and jailed in Ciechanów prison. The murders took place also in the following years. In the largest mass murder in Germ. Regierungsbezirk Zichenau (Eng. Ciechanów Regency), part of German province Germ. Ostpreußen (Eng. East Prussia), in German occupied northern Masovia where German state law was in force, Germans murdered on 20.02.1940 c. 900 disabled (some sources talk about 2,000‐3,000 victims). Among the victims of Ościsłowo forest were at least two Catholic priests. (more on: www.ciechtivi.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])

Ciechanów: Detention centre run by Germans. After German expulsion by the Russians in 1945 also a Russian transit camp for German prisoners, among others, prior to exile to concentration camps in Russia. (more on: pl.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.12.04])

«Aktion T4»: German state euthanasia program, systematic murder of people mentally retarded, chronically, mentally and neurologically ill — „elimination of live not worth living” (Germ. „Vernichtung von lebensunwertem Leben”). At a peak, in 1940‐1941, c. 70,000 people were murdered, including patients of psychiatric hospitals in German occupied Poland — German formalists noted then that, among others, „performing disinfection [i.e. gassing] of 70,273 people with a life expectancy of up to 10 years saved food in the amount of 141,775,573.80 Deutschmark”. From 04.1941 also mentally ill and „disabled” (i.e. unable to work) prisoners held in German concentration camps were included in the program — denoted then as «Aktion 14 f 13». C. 20,000 inmates were then murdered, including Polish Catholic priests held in KL Dachau concentration camp, who were murdered in Hartheim gas chambers. The other „regional extension” of «Aktion T4» was «Aktion Brandt» program during which Germans murdered chronically ill patients in order to make space for wounded soldiers. It is estimated that at least 30,000 were murdered in this program. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.31])

«Intelligenzaktion»: (Eng. „Action Intelligentsia”) — extermination program of Polish elites, mainly intelligentsia, executed by the Germans right from the start of the occupation in 09.1939 till around 05.1940, mainly on the lands directly incorporated into Germany but also in the so‐called Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate) where it was called «AB‐aktion». During the first phase right after start of German occupation of Poland implemented as Germ. Unternehmen „Tannenberg” (Eng. „Tannenberg operation”) — plan based on proscription lists of Poles worked out by (Germ. Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), regarded by Germans as specially dangerous to the German Reich. List contained names of c. 61,000 Poles. Altogether during this genocide Germans methodically murdered c. 50,000 teachers, priests, landowners, social and political activists and retired military. Further 50,000 were sent to concentration camps where most of them perished. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.10.04])

Regierungsbezirk Zichenau: After the Polish defeat in the 09.1939 campaign, which was the result of the Ribbentrop‐Molotov Pact and constituted the first stage of World War II, and the beginning of German occupation in part of Poland (in the other, eastern part of Poland, the Russian occupation began), the Germans divided the occupied Polish territory into five main regions (and a few smaller). The largest one was transformed into Germ. Generalgouvernement (Eng. General Governorate), intended exclusively for Poles and Jews and constituting part of the so‐called Germ. Großdeutschland (Eng. Greater Germany). From two separate new provinces were created. The two remaining were incorporated into existing German provinces. One of those was the Germ. Regierungsbezirk Zichenau (Eng. Ciechanów regency), created from part of the occupied Warsaw voivodeship, and incorporated into the Germ. Provinz Ostpreußen (Eng. East Prussia) — on the basis of the decree of the German leader Adolf Hitler of 08.10.1939 (formally in force from 26.10.1939) — in which the law of the German state was applicable. The main axis of the policy of the new regency, the territory of which the Germans recognized as the Germ. „Ursprünglich Deutsche” (Eng. „natively German”), despite the fact only 6% of its pre–war Polish part were Germans, was Germ. „Entpolonisierung” (Eng. „Depolonisation”), i.e. forced Germanization, and Germ. Zwangsarbeit (Eng. forced slave labor). Most of the Germ. Zivilarbeiter (Eng. civilian worker) slaved in the Germ. Provinz Ostpreußen. Some Poles— c. 25,000 — were deported to the Germ. Generalgouvernement; some were sent to concentration camps. Children could only learn in German. A policy of terror was pursued against the Polish population — 8 large prisons operated in a small area, Polish organizations and institutions were closed. The Polish press was liquidated. Of the 200 arrested Catholic priests from the Płock diocese, 110 were murdered. Most parishes were left without pastors — only a few priests per county were allowed to serve. Conducting services, sermons and confessions in Polish was prohibited. Churches were plundered and turned into warehouses. Catholic funerals with more than 10 people were prohibited. Crosses, roadside shrines, tombstones and cemeteries were destroyed. After the end of hostilities of World War II, the overseer of this province, the Germ. Reichsstatthalter (Eng. Reich Governor) and the Germ. Gauleiter (Eng. district head) of the German National Socialist Party, Erich Koch, initially went into hiding, then was captured and extradited to the Commie–Nazi republic of Poland prl, sentenced to death, but the sentence was not carried out and died in prison in 1986. The Germ. Regierungspräsidenten Zichenau (Eng. superpresident of the Ciechanów regency) hid better and his post‐war fate is still unknown. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2024.06.24])

Ribbentrop‐Molotov: Genocidal Russian‐German alliance pact between Russian leader Joseph Stalin and German leader Adolf Hitler signed on 23.08.1939 in Moscow by respective foreign ministers, Mr. Vyacheslav Molotov for Russia and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany. The pact sanctioned and was the direct cause of joint Russian and German invasion of Poland and the outbreak of the World War II in 09.1939. In a political sense, the pact was an attempt to restore the status quo ante before 1914, with one exception, namely the „commercial” exchange of the so‐called „Kingdom of Poland”, which in 1914 was part of the Russian Empire, fore Eastern Galicia (today's western Ukraine), in 1914 belonging to the Austro‐Hungarian Empire. Galicia, including Lviv, was to be taken over by the Russians, the „Kingdom of Poland” — under the name of the General Governorate — Germany. The resultant „war was one of the greatest calamities and dramas of humanity in history, for two atheistic and anti‐Christian ideologies — national and international socialism — rejected God and His fifth Decalogue commandment: Thou shall not kill!” (Abp Stanislav Gądecki, 01.09.2019). The decisions taken — backed up by the betrayal of the formal allies of Poland, France and Germany, which on 12.09.1939, at a joint conference in Abbeville, decided not to provide aid to attacked Poland and not to take military action against Germany (a clear breach of treaty obligations with Poland) — were on 28.09.1939 slightly altered and made more precise when a treaty on „German‐Russian boundaries and friendship” was agreed by the same murderous signatories. One of its findings was establishment of spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe and in consequence IV partition of Poland. In one of its secret annexes agreed, that: „the Signatories will not tolerate on its respective territories any Polish propaganda that affects the territory of the other Side. On their respective territories they will suppress all such propaganda and inform each other of the measures taken to accomplish it”. The agreements resulted in a series of meeting between two genocidal organization representing both sides — German Gestapo and Russian NKVD when coordination of efforts to exterminate Polish intelligentsia and Polish leading classes (in Germany called «Intelligenzaktion», in Russia took the form of Katyń massacres) where discussed. Resulted in deaths of hundreds of thousands of Polish intelligentsia, including thousands of priests presented here, and tens of millions of ordinary people,. The results of this Russian‐German pact lasted till 1989 and are still in evidence even today. (more on: en.wikipedia.orgClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.09.30])

Pius XI's encyclicals: Facing the creation of two totalitarian systems in Europe, which seemed to compete with each other, though there were more similarities than contradictions between them, Pope Pius XI issued in 03.1937 (within 5 days) two encyclicals. In the „Mit brennender Sorge” (Eng. „With Burning Concern”) published on 14.03.1938, condemned the national socialism prevailing in Germany. The Pope wrote: „Whoever, following the old Germanic‐pre‐Christian beliefs, puts various impersonal fate in the place of a personal God, denies the wisdom of God and Providence […], whoever exalts earthly values: race or nation, or state, or state system, representatives of state power or other fundamental values of human society, […] and makes them the highest standard of all values, including religious ones, and idolizes them, this one […] is far from true faith in God and from a worldview corresponding to such faith”. On 19.03.1937, published „Divini Redemptoris” (Eng. „Divine Redeemer”), in which criticized Russian communism, dialectical materialism and the class struggle theory. The Pope wrote: „Communism deprives man of freedom, and therefore the spiritual basis of all life norms. It deprives the human person of all his dignity and any moral support with which he could resist the onslaught of blind passions […] This is the new gospel that Bolshevik and godless communism preaches as a message of salvation and redemption of humanity”… Pius XI demanded that the established human law be subjected to the natural law of God , recommended the implementation of the ideal of a Christian state and society, and called on Catholics to resist. Two years later, National Socialist Germany and Communist Russia came together and started World War II. (more on: www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28], www.vatican.vaClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2023.05.28])

sources

personal:
mazowsze.hist.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2013.01.13], pamiec.plClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2014.01.16], osp.wezewo.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.18]
bibliographical:
„Płock diocese clergy martyrology during II World War 1939‐1945”, Fr Nicholas Marian Grzybowski, Włocławek–Płock 2002
„Martyrology of the Polish Roman Catholic clergy under nazi occupation in 1939‐1945”, Victor Jacewicz, John Woś, vol. I‐V, Warsaw Theological Academy, 1977‐1981
original images:
osp.wezewo.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2021.12.18], glinojeck.infoClick to attempt to display webpage
[access: 2015.05.09]