Roman Catholic parish
St Sigismund
05-507 Słomczyn
85 Wiślana Str.
Konstancin deanery
Warsaw archdiocese
Poland
GENOCIDE perpetrated by UKRAINIANS on POLES
Data for 1943–1947
Murders
Perpetrators:
Ukrainians
Victims:
Poles
Number of victims:
min.:
279
max.:
545
events (incidents)
ref. no:
01160
date:
1943.03–1943.06
(spring)
site
description
general info
Kołodno
The UPA tied them with barbed wire and shot 4 men: 2 Poles and 2 Russians, the escaped prisoners.
source: Żurek Stanisław, „75th anniversary of the genocide – May 1943, Spring 1943”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
perpetrators
Ukrainians
victims
Poles
number of
textually:
4
min. 4
max. 4
ref. no:
00969
date:
1943.05
site
description
general info
Kołodno
[The Ukrainians] abducted and murdered 4 Poles.
source: Żurek Stanisław, „75th anniversary of the genocide – May 1943, Spring 1943”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
perpetrators
Ukrainians
victims
Poles
number of
textually:
4
min. 4
max. 4
ref. no:
01381
date:
1943.06
site
description
general info
Kołodno
The Ukrainians murdered 2 Polish women, Gorzkowska and her 17‑year‑old daughter: they cut off their breasts and made the inscriptions on the wall of their house: Śmiert' lacham [Death to the Poles].
source: Żurek Stanisław, „Calendar of the genocide – year 1943 June and the first half of the year”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
perpetrators
Ukrainians
victims
Poles
number of
textually:
2
min. 2
max. 2
ref. no:
01792
date:
1943.07.14
site
description
general info
Around 14, 300 Ukrainian „insurgents” drove into the village on 50 carts and slaughtered at least 516 Poles. For several hours, they tortured, raped and chopped the victims house after house with „axes from baby to old” in this „Polish–Ukrainian” conflict. The bodies were thrown into a well or buried at a crime scene. The blacksmiths cut off the head with a scythe, his wife (31) cut off the tongue and breasts, and their 5‑year‑old daughter was torn in two. One group of Poles, in which Janina Sadowska was, went to Zbaraż at night on all fours. The Ukrainians celebrated the slaughter, sang and built a memorial mound. The Orthodox Pope encouraged the slaughter, and his son commanded one of the UPA bands. The Ukrainians destroyed the palace and church from before 1789. among the attackers, brothers Michał and antoni adamczuk, who lived in Poland after the war, were identified. Katarzyna adamczuk, a UPA liaison officer, also lived here. Witness Stanisław Kazimierów: „It lasted for a few minutes. My mother went home to get a milking bucket and we went to the barn together. Suddenly we noticed five men on the road, four of them were with weapons, two were dressed in German uniforms, two in Soviet ones, they had trisub armbands on their sleeves, and the same on their caps, one of them was in civilian clothes, which said, as I heard to the rest of the bandits, pointing with his hand: «Here are lachy [i.e. Poles]». The one he was pointing to was [it] a resident of Kolodno, whom I personally recognized – his name was Safon Metro, a Ukrainian, the others I did not recognize. at that time, we were detained and ordered to go to the apartment. at that time, the sun was already setting and it was very red. after entering the apartment, we were told to lie face down, because they will search the apartment so that we won't disturb them. at that time, my mother already knew why you had to go to bed. She begged these bandits, saying to them: «What do you want to murder us for, what I owe you an old woman with that little boy», [but that] had no effect. They started to threaten us with a bayonet. at that time, I was hit in the back with the butt and I had to lie down first, which I did. But as I lay down, I stared out the window at the setting sun, and I had no hope of ever seeing this setting sun again. This moment of experience before conscious death cannot be accurately described, but it was terrible for me to say goodbye to this world, and then I lay down. My mother was still begging for her life, but most likely she received a butt blow, which I did not see because I was lying face down (because the floor was rare in the apartment). after which my mother lay down, putting her head on my legs. after this point, it remained to wait for death when the shot would take place. and at that time I am asking God for a slight death, and that I would be hit accurately, that I would not get tired later, I was worried that maybe we would be killed with bayonets or axes, because one of these [Ukrainians] had an ax behind his belt. I didn't know who the first shots would be fired at. Finally there was a shot and I turned my head as I watched this bandit load his rifle and [he] motioned towards me with his bayonet shouting «You s/o a bitch, what are you looking at». Then the second shot was fired and I still feel like I'm alive the third shot is fired, I'm still alive but not moving anymore. The fourth shot is fired and there is a very strong bang in my head and I am still alive, which I don't believe at all, because the shots were fired at a distance of no more than 2 meters […] . I remember very well that when the shots were taken, there were two bandits in the apartment, and 4 shots were fired, so they fired 2 shots at each of us. How long I was lying down then after the shooting I can't tell, but the whole time I was lying I had this feeling that I wasn't shot because I felt my heart beating so terribly and I was breathing. after a while I had the feeling that I was alive, but I did not make any reflexes with my body because I had no certainty that these bandits had left the apartment. But I still don't believe I'm really alive yet. Six people died from my immediate family: my mother Maria Kazimierów, grandmother Tekla Bielińska, cousin Jan Bieliński, his wife Wiktoria Bielińska, [their] son Jan, 3 years old, son Adam, 2 years old”. .
source: Żurek Stanisław, „75th anniversary of the genocide – July 1943”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
source: Siemaszko Władysław, Siemaszko Ewa, „The genocide perpetrated by Ukrainian nationalists on the Polish population of Volhynia 1939 - 1945”, in: Warsaw 2000, p. 1151—1155
Kołodno in the Kremenets county is a large village where Poles accounted for 60 percent. population. It was divided into Kołodno Lisowszczyzna and Kołodno Siedlisko. The border between them was the palace and park complex of Count Sigismud. Grocholski. The first murders of Poles were committed here in the fall of 1942. UPA bandits who had been kidnapped into the forest dealt cruel deaths, incl. they ripped their lips apart and put cards with the words „Poland from sea to sea”.
In June 1943, the UPA murdered Mrs. Gorzkowska with her 17‑year‑old daughter. The bandits cut off their breasts and they wrote on the wall of their apartment: „Smert' Lacham”.
On July 14, 1943, between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m., armed UPA militias attacked both villages. The murderers, in groups of 2–3 people, walked around Polish farms, first asking about the farmer. When he was found, everyone was ordered to enter the houses. There they were killed with arrows from close range or with axes. First the parents, then the children and the elderly. They dealt with the escapees in the same way. No shots were fired outside of the buildings, lest the Polish people were immediately alerted and started to flee. For this reason, the neighbors did not know what was happening on the property next door. The attackers methodically cracked down on every Polish family. The local Ukrainians provided guidance on where Poles live. The slaughter of Poles lasted about 3 hours. Only those who managed to escape and hide in the crops or were away from home, in the field or in the pasture survived. The buildings of Polish families were burned. The murdered Poles were buried wherever they fell, in ditches, cellars, orchards, mostly at the crime scene or nearby. There were also mass graves. One of them, in Kołodnie–Siedlisko, hid 95 of the murdered. The victims were thrown into the wells quite often. The local Orthodox priest incited the murders. The liaison officer in the UPA was Katarzyna adamczuk from Kołodno, who settled in Poland after the war.
The number of Poles murdered on just one day, on July 14, 1943, in both villages ranges from 320 to 500 people. Poles from Kołodno currently living in Korfantów give the number of 496 victims. 22 families in Kołodnie Lisowszczyzna and 12 families in Kołodnie Siedlisko were completely murdered. The UPA terror did not deprive all The Ukrainians of human feelings. Some saved Poles by hiding them on their farms.
After the murderous „job” to liquidate all Poles in Kołodnie, The UPA made a mound near the Catholic Church from evening until morning to commemorate their „victory”. In his diary, Piotr Rozwadowski wrote:
— „I heard the shouts of joy of the Banderites from their hiding places. at the end they sang the hymn «Szcze ne umerła Ukraina» [Ukraine is not dead yet]”.
source: Żurek Stanisław, „75th anniversary of the genocide – July 1943”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
source: Białowąs Jan, „Bloody Christmas Eve in Ihrowica in Podolia in 1944”, presentation at unveiling of the monument to the victims of Ihrowica, Kurnik, Kołodno and Netreba, 10.09.1995, Korfantów; in: portal: Volhynia of our forebearers — web page: www.nawolyniu.pl [accessible: 2021.04.11]
Stanisław K. (born 1931): „In the afternoon I was grazing cattle in a meadow near the village and I saw that people in the village were running away in different directions. I thought it was the Germans who were making round–ups for robots, because it used to be that way. as I was driving the cattle home and walking past the Ukrainian buildings, I heard sounds like gunshots, but there was nothing on the street. When I entered the yard with the cattle, a Pole ran up, I don't remember his name and said: «Run away, the Ukrainians are murdering!» […] Brother antoni ran into the garden and hid, but my mother said that she was old and would not run away. My brother's wife, Katarzyna, was of Ukrainian nationality – she ran away with the child to her family. I stayed with my mother. When we were going to milk the cows, three armed plainclothes with bands and trizubes entered the yard, and one Ukrainian from our village who pointed his finger at us: «To Lachy» [These are Poles]. Then these three ordered us to enter the apartment because, as they said, they wanted to search us. When we got in, one of the three immediately told my mother to lie down on the ground. Mom started asking them not to murder us. The other one told me to go to bed too. I tried to grab my mother's hand, but he knocked me off with the butt. I went to bed first, and my mother kept pleading. Then one of the three stabbed my mother in the chest with a bayonet, then I heard four shots from a rifle. I couldn't see who was shooting because I was lying facedown on the ground out of fear. I asked God not to tire. My face was covered with my hands and during the shots I felt nothing. When the Ukrainians left the house, I got up and took my mother's head. I saw a lot of blood and a hole the size of a fist. The body was still convulsing. I also noticed my pants were all bloody, I thought it was mom's blood. I went out to the attic to hide. I heard the moans of my neighbor, who lived 30 meters from us, he was dying in his yard for about half an hour. Suddenly I saw the blood peeing from my left leg and I felt faint, and at the same time I thought they might burn the house down. I went down from the attic and lost the strength in my legs as I was in the corridor. I only managed to get out of the apartment and passed out on the road. a Ukrainian neighbor, antoni G., found me and took me home. His family hid me behind the house in nettles and told my brother about me, who also came to the neighbor after the attack. My brother went to the village of Netreba, already in the Galician part of Volhynia, to arrange transport. He asked a Ukrainian named Jarsen, to whom he owed a debt of gratitude to bring me by horse–drawn cart. He actually came and took the cart from antoni G., moreover, antoni G. gave his son to drive. The Ukrainians caught us on the way. They dug me up in the straw and wanted to shoot me. I heard Jarsen bargaining for my life. Eventually they let us go and I was taken to Netreb, and then to the hospital in Zbaraż. The doctor who treated me found two bullet streaks on my head, so I know that the two shots were intended for me. /…/ The s/o Antoni G., who was taking me to Netreba, stood before a Banderist court and was sentenced to death, but they escaped and hid even after the war”.
source: Żurek Stanisław, „75th anniversary of the genocide – July 1943”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
source: Odonus Barbara, „Summer 1943”; in: „Card”, in: No. 43 /2004/
perpetrators
Ukrainians
victims
Poles
number of
textually:
at least 516
min. 516
max. 516
ref. no:
03063
date:
1943.09.18
site
description
general info
Kołodno
(After the slaughter of over 500 Poles) the UPA burnt down the Empire church of st. Martin and St. Elizabeth before 1789 and a classicist palace.
source: Żurek Stanisław, „75th anniversary of the genocide – September 1943”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
perpetrators
Ukrainians
victims
Poles
ref. no:
09254
date:
1945.01.17
site
description
general info
Kołodno
The UPA murdered a dozen Poles who returned to their farms.
source: Żurek Stanisław, „Calendar of the genocide – January 1945”; in: portal: Volhynia — web page: wolyn.org [accessible: 2021.02.04]
perpetrators
Ukrainians
victims
Poles
number of
textually:
11 – 19
min. 11
max. 19
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